贵州省土地细碎化类型的分区与特征
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摘要
【目的】为贵州省土地细碎化整治的工程设计与施工提供科学依据,【方法】通过聚类分析和专家咨询相结合的方法对贵州省土地细碎化进行分区,并分析各分区的细碎化特征。【结果】黔中丘原盆地区土地细碎化程度最低,受石漠化影响较大,农业基础设施较完善,农业集约程度高;黔西高原山地区以坡耕地为主,垦殖指数达31%,石漠化比例达29.1%,极易造成水土流失;黔南山原中山低山区以山地为主,田高水低,垦殖率较低,农业基础条件差,农业生产力水平低;黔东南中山低山丘陵区地表起伏度较大,达1.30,以塝山梯田为主,农业人口比重达83.27%,户均耕地面积仅0.37 hm~2,社会经济条件差;黔北山原中山丘陵区耕地分散,梯田坡地占该区耕地面积的70%,中低产田占全区水田面积的85%,农业耕作条件较差;分区边界与二级行政区划边界具有一定程度的重合。【结论】贵州省的土地细碎化受地表起伏度影响较大,在土地整治时应做好耕作层剥离保护和再造土体结构。
【Objective】 The aim of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for the engineering design and construction of land fragmentation and remediation in Guizhou province. 【Method】The methods of cluster analysis and expert consultation were employed to zone the fragmentation of Guizhou province, and analyze the fragmentation characteristics of each zone. 【Result】 Qianzhong Hill-Plain Basin Zone was the least fragmented, greatly affected by rocky desertification, the agricultural infrastructure was perfect, and the agricultural intensive degree was high; Qianxi Plateau Zone was dominated by sloping land, and the breeding index reached 31 %. The proportion of rocky desertification was 29.1 %, which was very likely to cause soil erosion; Qiannan Mountain-Plateau Hilly Zone was mainly mountainous, with high land and low water, low reclamation rate, poor basic agricultural conditions and low level of agricultural productivity; Qiandongnan Hilly Zone was of greater surface undulation, up to 1.3, cultivated lands were mainly terraced fields scattered on the slope of mountains. The proportion of agricultural population was 83.27 %, and the per capita arable land area was only 0.37 hm~2. The socio-economic conditions were poor. The cultivated land in Qianbei Mount-Plateau Hilly Zone was scattered. The sloping terraced fields accounted for 70 % of the cultivated land area, the middle and low yield fields accounted for 85 % of the total paddy field area in this area, and the farming conditions were poor; Besides, there was a certain extent overlap between the zoning boundaries and the boundaries of the two level administrative divisions.【Conclusion】The fragmentation of land in Guizhou province was greatly affected by the surface undulation. When the land was rectified, the tillage layer protection and rebuilding of the soil structure should be done.
【Objective】 The aim of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for the engineering design and construction of land fragmentation and remediation in Guizhou province. 【Method】The methods of cluster analysis and expert consultation were employed to zone the fragmentation of Guizhou province, and analyze the fragmentation characteristics of each zone. 【Result】 Qianzhong Hill-Plain Basin Zone was the least fragmented, greatly affected by rocky desertification, the agricultural infrastructure was perfect, and the agricultural intensive degree was high; Qianxi Plateau Zone was dominated by sloping land, and the breeding index reached 31 %. The proportion of rocky desertification was 29.1 %, which was very likely to cause soil erosion; Qiannan Mountain-Plateau Hilly Zone was mainly mountainous, with high land and low water, low reclamation rate, poor basic agricultural conditions and low level of agricultural productivity; Qiandongnan Hilly Zone was of greater surface undulation, up to 1.3, cultivated lands were mainly terraced fields scattered on the slope of mountains. The proportion of agricultural population was 83.27 %, and the per capita arable land area was only 0.37 hm~2. The socio-economic conditions were poor. The cultivated land in Qianbei Mount-Plateau Hilly Zone was scattered. The sloping terraced fields accounted for 70 % of the cultivated land area, the middle and low yield fields accounted for 85 % of the total paddy field area in this area, and the farming conditions were poor; Besides, there was a certain extent overlap between the zoning boundaries and the boundaries of the two level administrative divisions.【Conclusion】The fragmentation of land in Guizhou province was greatly affected by the surface undulation. When the land was rectified, the tillage layer protection and rebuilding of the soil structure should be done.
引文
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[14]郑荣华.西部大开发贵州水利发展总体思路[J].中国水利,2001(9):67-69.
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[16]安吉平,王济,蔡雄飞,等.西南喀斯特二元结构下土壤流失研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(9):1605-1610.
[17]郭长宝,郭书泰,彭涛,等.辽宁省大窑湾某建筑场地岩溶发育特征及工程地质条件评价[J].中国岩溶,2010,29(2):176-182.
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[19]郎赟超,刘丛强,赵志琦,等.贵阳市地表水地下水化学组成:喀斯特水文系统水岩反应及污染特征[J].水科学进展,2005,16(6):826-832.
[20]谢红梅.贵州人口分布合理性研究[J].贵州师范学院学报,2011,27(9):43-47.
[21]薛立勇.“底线公平”视野下的农村社会保障建设[D].济南:山东大学,2005.
[22]蒋好忱,杨勤科.基于DEM的地形起伏度算法的比较研究[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(6):162-166.
[23]杨吉,苏维词.重庆市地表起伏度及其对农业生产的影响分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(7):140-149.
[24]王贤彬,聂海峰.行政区划调整与经济增长[J].管理世界,2010(4):42-53.
[25]姚静,李小建.地理环境对农户外出务工行为的影响探析[J].经济地理,2009,29(4):635-639.
[2]许庆,田士超,邵挺,等.土地细碎化与农民收入:来自中国的实证研究[J].农业技术经济,2007(6):67-72.
[3]Lloyd A G.The Economic Organization of Agriculture[J].Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics,1953,12(3):271-277.
[4]Blaikie P M,Sadeque S Z,Blaikie P M,et al.Policy in high places:environment and development in the Himalayan region.[J].Policy in High Places Environment & Development in the Himalayan Region,2000,17(3):345-359.
[5]卢华,胡浩.土地细碎化、种植多样化对农业生产利润和效率的影响分析——基于江苏农户的微观调查[J].农业技术经济,2015(7):4-15.
[6]郭海霞,任大鹏.我国农地经营细碎化问题研究[J].求实,2008(3):86-88.
[7]刘玉,刘巧芹,唐秀美,等.平原区耕作单元地块细碎化对小麦机收效率的影响分析[J].农业机械学报,2018(2):225-231.
[8]万广华,程恩江.规模经济、土地细碎化与我国的粮食生产[J].中国农村观察,1996(3):31-36.
[9]王山,奉公.中国农地细碎化及其整体性治理问题研究[J].云南社会科学,2016(1):17-22.
[10]钱龙,刘景景,陈方丽,等.农地细碎化经营对粮食种植结构的影响――基于农业部农村固定观察点的微观实证[J].农林经济管理学报,2018(2):150-158.
[11]陈国平,赵俊三,张力,等.云南省土地整治分区研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013(2):853-855.
[12]李小平,刘光远,赵天琪,等.干旱区县域土地整治分区实证研究――以新疆奇台县为例[J].山东国土资源,2014(8):91-96.
[13]吴传钧,侯锋.国土开发整治与规划[M].南京:江苏教育出版社,1990:132-133.
[14]郑荣华.西部大开发贵州水利发展总体思路[J].中国水利,2001(9):67-69.
[15]樊纲.WTO对中国经济的影响[J].学习月刊,2002(4):12-13.
[16]安吉平,王济,蔡雄飞,等.西南喀斯特二元结构下土壤流失研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(9):1605-1610.
[17]郭长宝,郭书泰,彭涛,等.辽宁省大窑湾某建筑场地岩溶发育特征及工程地质条件评价[J].中国岩溶,2010,29(2):176-182.
[18]邓国仕.贵州毕节海子街地区岩溶发育特征及控制因素研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015.
[19]郎赟超,刘丛强,赵志琦,等.贵阳市地表水地下水化学组成:喀斯特水文系统水岩反应及污染特征[J].水科学进展,2005,16(6):826-832.
[20]谢红梅.贵州人口分布合理性研究[J].贵州师范学院学报,2011,27(9):43-47.
[21]薛立勇.“底线公平”视野下的农村社会保障建设[D].济南:山东大学,2005.
[22]蒋好忱,杨勤科.基于DEM的地形起伏度算法的比较研究[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(6):162-166.
[23]杨吉,苏维词.重庆市地表起伏度及其对农业生产的影响分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(7):140-149.
[24]王贤彬,聂海峰.行政区划调整与经济增长[J].管理世界,2010(4):42-53.
[25]姚静,李小建.地理环境对农户外出务工行为的影响探析[J].经济地理,2009,29(4):635-639.