播期对川西平原直播稻光合特性和产量的影响
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摘要
为合理搭配川西平原稻田两熟区直播稻品种和播期,通过中早熟、中熟、中迟熟3个杂交稻分期播种试验,研究各品种水稻光合特性、产量及其构成因素的差异。结果表明,3种籼稻的净光合速率(Pn)随着播期推迟总体均呈下降趋势;播期推迟显著降低了中熟和中迟熟品种的有效穗数和结实率,导致产量显著下降(P<0. 05);播期过早或过迟均不利于中早熟品种产量性状的协调发展。中熟和中迟熟品种产量受播期影响较大,而中早熟品种大部分播期内差异不显著; 3个品种产量降幅分别为11. 8%、33. 0%、45. 4%。综上,为保障川西平原直播稻产量,3种类型籼稻适宜播期应在4月5日-26日间。中早熟品种内5优玉香1号可适当推迟播期,适合作为当地麦-稻或油-稻两熟制直播稻品种推广应用。本研究为川西平原稻田两熟区直播稻适宜播期和品种选用提供了参考依据。
Aimed to arrange direct seeding rice varieties and sowing date properly,a phased field experiment was conducted in paddy fields of Western Sichuan Plain,to evaluate the differences of photosynthetic characteristics,yield and its constituent factors of 3 representative hybrid rice varieties. The results showed that along with delayed sowing date,the net photosynthetic rate( Pn) of 3 rice varieties decreased generally. Meanwhile,the effective panicle number and seed setting rate of medium and late maturing varieties significantly decreased,leading to significant decline of their yield( P<0. 05). Early or late sown conditions were not conducive to the coordinated development of the yield of early maturing variety. The yield of medium and late maturing varieties dramatically affected by the delayed sowing date.However,there were not significant differences in most selected sowing date of early maturing variety. The yield of 3 cultivars decreased by 11. 8%,33. 0% and 45. 4% from highest to lowest,respectively. Overall,to ensure stable and high yield of direct seeding rice in Western Sichuan Plain,the suitable sowing date of 3 varieties could be April 5 thto26 th. Furthermore,the results suggested that the early maturing variety Nei5 youyuxiang Ⅰ could be appropriate to postpone the sowing date,which was suitable for the application of local wheat-rice or rape-rice rotation systems. This study provided reference for the suitable sowing date and variety selection of direct seeding rice in paddy field of Western Sichuan Plain.
Aimed to arrange direct seeding rice varieties and sowing date properly,a phased field experiment was conducted in paddy fields of Western Sichuan Plain,to evaluate the differences of photosynthetic characteristics,yield and its constituent factors of 3 representative hybrid rice varieties. The results showed that along with delayed sowing date,the net photosynthetic rate( Pn) of 3 rice varieties decreased generally. Meanwhile,the effective panicle number and seed setting rate of medium and late maturing varieties significantly decreased,leading to significant decline of their yield( P<0. 05). Early or late sown conditions were not conducive to the coordinated development of the yield of early maturing variety. The yield of medium and late maturing varieties dramatically affected by the delayed sowing date.However,there were not significant differences in most selected sowing date of early maturing variety. The yield of 3 cultivars decreased by 11. 8%,33. 0% and 45. 4% from highest to lowest,respectively. Overall,to ensure stable and high yield of direct seeding rice in Western Sichuan Plain,the suitable sowing date of 3 varieties could be April 5 thto26 th. Furthermore,the results suggested that the early maturing variety Nei5 youyuxiang Ⅰ could be appropriate to postpone the sowing date,which was suitable for the application of local wheat-rice or rape-rice rotation systems. This study provided reference for the suitable sowing date and variety selection of direct seeding rice in paddy field of Western Sichuan Plain.
引文
[1]邢志鹏,曹伟伟,钱海军,胡雅杰,张洪程,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕.播期对不同类型机插稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(3):528-537
[2]Yu Y,Yao H,Wen Z.Changes in rice yields in China since 1980associated with cultivar improvement,climate and crop management[J].Field Crops Research,2012,136(5):65-75
[3]张洪熙,张祖建,王才林.江苏不同熟期粳稻品种的齐穗期和安全播期预测[J].作物学报,2013,39(8):1416-1424
[4]邢志鹏,曹伟伟,钱海军,胡雅杰,张洪程,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲.稻麦两熟地区机插水稻品质形成的播期效应[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(1):1-10
[5]朱红霞,杨沈斌,吴鹏飞,周晓冬.播期对不同类型水稻生长及产量构成因素的影响[J].南京信息工程大学学报(自然科学版),2014,6(3):240-243
[6]许轲,孙圳,霍中洋,戴其根,张洪程,刘俊,宋云生,杨大柳,魏海燕,吴爱国,王显,吴冬冬.播期、品种类型对水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(20):4222-4233
[7]霍中洋,姚义,张洪程,夏炎,倪晓诚,戴其根,许轲,魏海燕.播期对直播稻光合物质生产特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(13):2592-2606
[8]饶刚顺,肖立中,甘海梅,田晋元,杜尧东,陈新光,唐湘如.气候变暖情况下广东水稻最适播种期初探[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(5):300-305
[9]邢志鹏,曹伟伟,钱海军,胡雅杰,张洪程,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕,郭保卫,罗学超,李德剑,刘国林.播期对机插水稻产量构成特征的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(13):22-31
[10]姚义,霍中洋,张洪程,夏炎,倪晓诚,戴其根,许柯,魏海燕,肖跃成,王显.播期对麦茬直播粳稻产量及品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(15):3098-3107
[11]孙永健,郑洪帧,杨志远,王海月,张绍文,马均.机械旱直播方式对水稻氮磷钾吸收转运及分配的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(3):73-80
[12]Pandey S,Velasco L.Economics of direct seeding in Asia:patterns of adoption and research priorities[J].International Rice Research Notes,1999,24(2):6-11
[13]魏海燕,张洪程,马群,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,张庆,黄丽芬.不同氮肥利用效率水稻基因型剑叶光合特性[J].作物学报,2009,35(12):2243-2251
[14]徐俊增,彭世彰,魏征,侯会静.不同供氮水平及水分调控条件下水稻光合作用光响应特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):72-76
[15]朱聪聪,张洪程,郭保卫,曹利强,江峰,葛梦婕,花劲,宋云生,周兴涛.钵苗机插密度对不同类型水稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(1):122-133
[16]王唯逍,刘小军,田永超,姚霞,曹卫星,朱艳.不同土壤水分处理对水稻光合特性及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(22):7053-7060
[17]孙建军,张洪程,尹海庆,陈波,郭保卫,魏海燕,戴其根,王生轩,陈献功,姜元华,姜明波,杜元中,夏彦.不同生态区播期对机插水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):113-120
[18]于美芳,王新鹏,段云轩,田雪飞,贾琰,赵宏伟.分蘖期干旱胁迫对寒地粳稻光合特性及产量形成的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(9):1794-1802
[19]孙园园,孙永健,陈林,徐徽,马均.不同播期和抽穗期弱光胁迫对杂交稻生理性状及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2737-2744
[20]马均,朱庆森,马文波,田彦华,杨建昌,周开达.重穗型水稻光合作用、物质积累与运转的研究[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(4):375-381
[21]童平,杨世民,马均,吴合洲,傅泰露,李敏,王明田.不同水稻品种在不同光照条件下的光合特性及干物质积累[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(3):505-511
[22]孙建军,张洪程,王生轩,郭保卫,陈波,魏海燕,戴其根,许轲,尹海庆,霍中洋,陈献功,王付华,王亚,翟顺国,姜明波.播期对不同品种类型机插稻生长特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(21):76-86
[23]袁继超,刘从军,朱庆森,李俊青,杨建昌.播期对水稻籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2004,17(2):164-168
[24]敖和军,王淑红,邹应斌,彭少兵,唐启源,方远祥,肖安民,陈玉梅,熊昌明.超级杂交稻干物质生产特点与产量稳定性研究[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(7):1927-1936
[25]邓飞,王丽,刘利,刘代银,任万军,杨文钰.不同生态条件下栽培方式对水稻干物质生产和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(10):1930-1942
[26]钱晨晨,王淑彬,杨滨娟,黄国勤.紫云英与氮肥配施对早稻干物质生产及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(4):563-571
[27]杨稚愚,汪汉林,邹应斌.播种期对杂交水稻生育期和产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2004(3):18-20
[28]Oort P A,Balde A,Diagne M,Dingkuhn M,Manneh B,Muller B,Sow A,Stuerz S.Intensification of an irrigated rice system in senegal:crop rotations,climate risks,sowing dates and varietal adaptation options[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2016,80(10):168-181
[29]Ittersum M K,Cassman K G,Grassini P,Wolf J,Tittonell P,Hochman Z.Yield gap analysis with local to global relevance-Areview[J].Field Crops Research,2013,143(3):4-17
[30]蒋鹏,熊洪,张林.成都平原不同茬口直播对水稻产量的影响[J].中国稻米,2016,23(1):73-77
[31]谢正荣,郭秧全,沈小妹,朱秀芳,陈群,景学义,黄筱敏,王吉方,徐清华.太湖农区水稻不同类型品种及播期对生育期与实产的影响初探[J].上海农业学报,2000,16(1):28-32
[32]Rajinder P,Mahajan G,SardanaⅤ,Chauhan B S.Impact of sowing date on yield,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation,and nitrogen translocation in dry-seeded rice in North-West India[J].Field Crops Research,2017,206(5):138-148
[33]褚旭东,石军,王志,黄廷友,李春财.不同播期对15个籼稻组合产量的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2011,57(1):45-46
[34]朱练峰,禹盛苗,欧阳由男,许德海,金千瑜.播栽期对水稻生长和产量及产量构成因素的影响[J].中国稻米,2009(3):13-17
[35]余鹏,李小华,叶胜海,赵小燕,翟荣荣,金庆生,张小明.播期对浙江省常规晚粳稻品种农艺性状及产量的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(5):978-987
[2]Yu Y,Yao H,Wen Z.Changes in rice yields in China since 1980associated with cultivar improvement,climate and crop management[J].Field Crops Research,2012,136(5):65-75
[3]张洪熙,张祖建,王才林.江苏不同熟期粳稻品种的齐穗期和安全播期预测[J].作物学报,2013,39(8):1416-1424
[4]邢志鹏,曹伟伟,钱海军,胡雅杰,张洪程,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲.稻麦两熟地区机插水稻品质形成的播期效应[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(1):1-10
[5]朱红霞,杨沈斌,吴鹏飞,周晓冬.播期对不同类型水稻生长及产量构成因素的影响[J].南京信息工程大学学报(自然科学版),2014,6(3):240-243
[6]许轲,孙圳,霍中洋,戴其根,张洪程,刘俊,宋云生,杨大柳,魏海燕,吴爱国,王显,吴冬冬.播期、品种类型对水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(20):4222-4233
[7]霍中洋,姚义,张洪程,夏炎,倪晓诚,戴其根,许轲,魏海燕.播期对直播稻光合物质生产特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(13):2592-2606
[8]饶刚顺,肖立中,甘海梅,田晋元,杜尧东,陈新光,唐湘如.气候变暖情况下广东水稻最适播种期初探[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(5):300-305
[9]邢志鹏,曹伟伟,钱海军,胡雅杰,张洪程,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕,郭保卫,罗学超,李德剑,刘国林.播期对机插水稻产量构成特征的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(13):22-31
[10]姚义,霍中洋,张洪程,夏炎,倪晓诚,戴其根,许柯,魏海燕,肖跃成,王显.播期对麦茬直播粳稻产量及品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(15):3098-3107
[11]孙永健,郑洪帧,杨志远,王海月,张绍文,马均.机械旱直播方式对水稻氮磷钾吸收转运及分配的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(3):73-80
[12]Pandey S,Velasco L.Economics of direct seeding in Asia:patterns of adoption and research priorities[J].International Rice Research Notes,1999,24(2):6-11
[13]魏海燕,张洪程,马群,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,张庆,黄丽芬.不同氮肥利用效率水稻基因型剑叶光合特性[J].作物学报,2009,35(12):2243-2251
[14]徐俊增,彭世彰,魏征,侯会静.不同供氮水平及水分调控条件下水稻光合作用光响应特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):72-76
[15]朱聪聪,张洪程,郭保卫,曹利强,江峰,葛梦婕,花劲,宋云生,周兴涛.钵苗机插密度对不同类型水稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(1):122-133
[16]王唯逍,刘小军,田永超,姚霞,曹卫星,朱艳.不同土壤水分处理对水稻光合特性及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(22):7053-7060
[17]孙建军,张洪程,尹海庆,陈波,郭保卫,魏海燕,戴其根,王生轩,陈献功,姜元华,姜明波,杜元中,夏彦.不同生态区播期对机插水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):113-120
[18]于美芳,王新鹏,段云轩,田雪飞,贾琰,赵宏伟.分蘖期干旱胁迫对寒地粳稻光合特性及产量形成的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(9):1794-1802
[19]孙园园,孙永健,陈林,徐徽,马均.不同播期和抽穗期弱光胁迫对杂交稻生理性状及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2737-2744
[20]马均,朱庆森,马文波,田彦华,杨建昌,周开达.重穗型水稻光合作用、物质积累与运转的研究[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(4):375-381
[21]童平,杨世民,马均,吴合洲,傅泰露,李敏,王明田.不同水稻品种在不同光照条件下的光合特性及干物质积累[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(3):505-511
[22]孙建军,张洪程,王生轩,郭保卫,陈波,魏海燕,戴其根,许轲,尹海庆,霍中洋,陈献功,王付华,王亚,翟顺国,姜明波.播期对不同品种类型机插稻生长特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(21):76-86
[23]袁继超,刘从军,朱庆森,李俊青,杨建昌.播期对水稻籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2004,17(2):164-168
[24]敖和军,王淑红,邹应斌,彭少兵,唐启源,方远祥,肖安民,陈玉梅,熊昌明.超级杂交稻干物质生产特点与产量稳定性研究[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(7):1927-1936
[25]邓飞,王丽,刘利,刘代银,任万军,杨文钰.不同生态条件下栽培方式对水稻干物质生产和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(10):1930-1942
[26]钱晨晨,王淑彬,杨滨娟,黄国勤.紫云英与氮肥配施对早稻干物质生产及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(4):563-571
[27]杨稚愚,汪汉林,邹应斌.播种期对杂交水稻生育期和产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2004(3):18-20
[28]Oort P A,Balde A,Diagne M,Dingkuhn M,Manneh B,Muller B,Sow A,Stuerz S.Intensification of an irrigated rice system in senegal:crop rotations,climate risks,sowing dates and varietal adaptation options[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2016,80(10):168-181
[29]Ittersum M K,Cassman K G,Grassini P,Wolf J,Tittonell P,Hochman Z.Yield gap analysis with local to global relevance-Areview[J].Field Crops Research,2013,143(3):4-17
[30]蒋鹏,熊洪,张林.成都平原不同茬口直播对水稻产量的影响[J].中国稻米,2016,23(1):73-77
[31]谢正荣,郭秧全,沈小妹,朱秀芳,陈群,景学义,黄筱敏,王吉方,徐清华.太湖农区水稻不同类型品种及播期对生育期与实产的影响初探[J].上海农业学报,2000,16(1):28-32
[32]Rajinder P,Mahajan G,SardanaⅤ,Chauhan B S.Impact of sowing date on yield,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation,and nitrogen translocation in dry-seeded rice in North-West India[J].Field Crops Research,2017,206(5):138-148
[33]褚旭东,石军,王志,黄廷友,李春财.不同播期对15个籼稻组合产量的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2011,57(1):45-46
[34]朱练峰,禹盛苗,欧阳由男,许德海,金千瑜.播栽期对水稻生长和产量及产量构成因素的影响[J].中国稻米,2009(3):13-17
[35]余鹏,李小华,叶胜海,赵小燕,翟荣荣,金庆生,张小明.播期对浙江省常规晚粳稻品种农艺性状及产量的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(5):978-987