1960—2015年吉林省玉米生长季有效降水和水分亏缺指数的变化特征
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摘要
利用吉林省1960—2015年50个气象站的气象数据、1981—2014年玉米生育期观测资料,分别采用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith方法、参考作物蒸散量和降水量的比率法,计算玉米生长季及各阶段的需水量、有效降水量,进而计算水分亏缺指数并分析其变化特征。结果表明:吉林省近56年玉米生长季平均有效降水量为242~374 mm,变化趋势在~(-1)2.0~4.9 mm·10a~(-1),多数呈下降趋势,营养生长期有效降水在中西部大部、东部个别地区呈上升趋势,其它各生育时段以下降趋势为主。玉米生长季平均需水量为452~637 mm,气候倾向率在~(-1)6.5~10.3mm·10a~(-1),以下降趋势为主,生殖生长期需水量多数呈上升趋势,其它生育时段多数呈下降趋势。玉米生长季平均水分亏缺指数在23%~58%,气候倾向率在-0.8~1.9·10a~(-1)之间,以上升趋势为主,玉米营养生长期水分亏缺指数以下降趋势为主,其它生育阶段以上升趋势为主。中西部是有效降水量的低值区,需水量的高值区,水分亏缺严重;东部是有效降水量的高值区,需水量的低值区,水分亏缺相对较轻。
Based on the meteorological data from 50 weather stations during 1960 to 2015 and observation data of maize growth period during 1981 to 2014 in Jilin Province,the water requirement and effective precipitation in maize growing season and different growth stages during 1960 to 2015 in Jilin Province were estimated by PenmanMonteith equation. Further,the water deficit index in each growth stages of maize were calculated and analyzed in the study area. The results showed that average effective precipitation in maize growing season were between 242 ~374 mm,and the variation rate was~(-1)2.0 ~ 4.9 mm·10 a~(-1),showing a downward trend. The effective precipitation in vegetative phase had an upward trend in the most middle and west region as well as some of the east region,while other growth stages showed a downward trend. The average water requirement in maize growing season was between 452 mm and 637 mm,and the climate tendency rate was~(-1)6.5 ~ 10.3 mm·10 a~(-1) with a descending tend.Water requirement in reproductive phase mostly had an increasing trend,while other growth stages were mainly a decreasing trend. The average water deficit index in maize growing season was 23% ~ 58%,and the climate tendency rate was-0.8 ~ 1.9·10 a~(-1) with the most tend to ascend. Water deficit index in vegetative phase were mainly a decreasing trend,and it had an increasing trend in other growth stages. The middle and west region were the low area of effective precipitation,but they were the high area of water requirement,so that the water deficit were serious.The east region was the high area of effective precipitation,but it was the low area of water requirement,so that the water deficit was relatively slight.
Based on the meteorological data from 50 weather stations during 1960 to 2015 and observation data of maize growth period during 1981 to 2014 in Jilin Province,the water requirement and effective precipitation in maize growing season and different growth stages during 1960 to 2015 in Jilin Province were estimated by PenmanMonteith equation. Further,the water deficit index in each growth stages of maize were calculated and analyzed in the study area. The results showed that average effective precipitation in maize growing season were between 242 ~374 mm,and the variation rate was~(-1)2.0 ~ 4.9 mm·10 a~(-1),showing a downward trend. The effective precipitation in vegetative phase had an upward trend in the most middle and west region as well as some of the east region,while other growth stages showed a downward trend. The average water requirement in maize growing season was between 452 mm and 637 mm,and the climate tendency rate was~(-1)6.5 ~ 10.3 mm·10 a~(-1) with a descending tend.Water requirement in reproductive phase mostly had an increasing trend,while other growth stages were mainly a decreasing trend. The average water deficit index in maize growing season was 23% ~ 58%,and the climate tendency rate was-0.8 ~ 1.9·10 a~(-1) with the most tend to ascend. Water deficit index in vegetative phase were mainly a decreasing trend,and it had an increasing trend in other growth stages. The middle and west region were the low area of effective precipitation,but they were the high area of water requirement,so that the water deficit were serious.The east region was the high area of effective precipitation,but it was the low area of water requirement,so that the water deficit was relatively slight.
引文
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[15]李勇,杨晓光,叶清,等.1961—2007年长江中下游地区水稻需水量的变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(9):175-183.
[16]刘晓英,李玉中,郝卫平.华北主要作物需水量近50年变化趋势及原因[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(10):155-159.
[17]刘宏谊,马鹏里,杨兴国,等.甘肃省主要农作物需水量时空变化特征分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(1):39-44.
[18]杨艳昭,封志明,林耀明.甘肃省小麦水分平衡及其时空分布模式[J].地理研究,2005,24(6):853-859.
[19]封志明,杨艳昭,刘宝勤.甘肃省农田水分平衡及其时空分布规律[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(2):188-194.
[20]邵晓梅,严昌荣.黄河流域主要农作物的降水盈亏格局分析[J].中国农业气象,2007,28(1):40-44.
[21]张伟,闫敏华,陈泮勤,等.吉林省农作物生长季降水资源的时空分布特征[J].中国农业气象,2007,28(4):359-363.
[22]王晓东,董炜华,褚丽娟,等.吉林西部旱涝灾害与降水对应关系的分析[J].灾害学,2015,30(4):53-58.
[23]刘战东,段爱旺,肖俊夫,等.旱作物生育期有效降水量计算模式研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,2007,26(3):27-34.
[24]刘钰,蔡甲冰,蔡林根,等.黄河下游灌区农田灌溉制度与供需平衡分析[J].水利学报,2005,36(6):701-708.
[25]刘钰,汪林,倪广恒,等.中国主要作物灌溉需水量空间分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(12):6-12.
[2]靳英华,周道玮.全球气候变化背景下吉林省生长季水热变化及其种植策略研究[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(9):1460-1470.
[3]唐蕴,王浩,严登华,等.近50年来东北地区降水的时空分异研究[J].地理科学,2005,25(2):172-176.
[4]董满宇,吴正方.近5年来吉林省气温和降水变化趋势分析[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2007,39(3):114-119.
[5]曾丽红,宋开山,张柏,等.1960—2008年吉林省降水量的时空演变特征[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(3):344-352.
[6]郭建平.气候变化对中国农业生产的影响研究进展[J].应用气象学报,2015,26(1):1-11.
[7]Watson R T,Zinyowera M C,Moss R H,et al.Climate Change1995:Impacts,Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1996.
[8]Supit I,Diepen C A,Boogaard H L,et al.Trend analysis of the water requirements,consumption and deficit of field crops in Europe[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2010,150(1):77-88.
[9]张建平,王春乙,杨晓光,等.未来气候变化对中国东北三省玉米需水量的影响预测[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(7):50-55.
[10]Tong Ling,Kang Shaozhong,Zhang Lu.Temporal andspatial variations of evapotranspiration for spring wheat in the Shi yang river basin in northwest China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2007,87(3):241-250.
[11]张淑杰,张玉书,蔡福,等.1961年至2007年东北地区水分盈亏变化趋势及其影响与响应[J].资源科学,2010,32(4):663-670.
[12]张顺谦,邓彪,杨云洁.四川旱地作物水分盈亏变化及其与气候变化的关系[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(10):105-111.
[13]王晓东,马晓群,许莹,等.淮河流域主要农作物全生育期水分盈亏时空变化分析[J].资源科学,2013,35(3):665-672.
[14]庞艳梅,陈超,潘学标.1961—2010年四川盆地玉米有效降水和需水量的变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(增刊1):133-141.
[15]李勇,杨晓光,叶清,等.1961—2007年长江中下游地区水稻需水量的变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(9):175-183.
[16]刘晓英,李玉中,郝卫平.华北主要作物需水量近50年变化趋势及原因[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(10):155-159.
[17]刘宏谊,马鹏里,杨兴国,等.甘肃省主要农作物需水量时空变化特征分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(1):39-44.
[18]杨艳昭,封志明,林耀明.甘肃省小麦水分平衡及其时空分布模式[J].地理研究,2005,24(6):853-859.
[19]封志明,杨艳昭,刘宝勤.甘肃省农田水分平衡及其时空分布规律[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(2):188-194.
[20]邵晓梅,严昌荣.黄河流域主要农作物的降水盈亏格局分析[J].中国农业气象,2007,28(1):40-44.
[21]张伟,闫敏华,陈泮勤,等.吉林省农作物生长季降水资源的时空分布特征[J].中国农业气象,2007,28(4):359-363.
[22]王晓东,董炜华,褚丽娟,等.吉林西部旱涝灾害与降水对应关系的分析[J].灾害学,2015,30(4):53-58.
[23]刘战东,段爱旺,肖俊夫,等.旱作物生育期有效降水量计算模式研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,2007,26(3):27-34.
[24]刘钰,蔡甲冰,蔡林根,等.黄河下游灌区农田灌溉制度与供需平衡分析[J].水利学报,2005,36(6):701-708.
[25]刘钰,汪林,倪广恒,等.中国主要作物灌溉需水量空间分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(12):6-12.