鄱阳湖湿地枯水期多种环境介质中五氯酚的污染特征
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摘要
研究了鄱阳湖湿地枯水期多种环境介质中五氯酚(PCP)的污染特征。结果表明:(1)鄱阳湖湿地枯水期水、沉积物及灰化苔草样品中均能测出PCP。水样中PCP最高为吴城镇赣江北(0.887ng/L),最低是湖口渡口(0.116ng/L),平均值为(0.330±0.091)ng/L。沉积物样品中PCP最高为吴城镇赣江北(62.1ng/kg),最低是湖口渡口(8.9ng/kg),平均值为(23.4±6.6)ng/kg。灰化苔草样品中PCP最高为吴城镇赣江北(132.2ng/kg),最低是都昌矶山(22.6ng/kg),平均值为(55.5±13.9)ng/kg。与国内外其他区域测出的PCP相比,鄱阳湖湿地枯水期的PCP较低。(2)采用物种敏感性分布法估算,鄱阳湖湿地枯水期水中PCP的风险商均在0.001以下,表明其生态风险较低。(3)沉积物样品pH与PCP呈显著负相关性。
The pollution characteristics of pentachlorophenol(PCP)in multi environment medium of Poyang Lake wetland during low water periods were studied.The results showed that:(1)PCP could be found in all samples of water,sediment and Carex cinerascens of Poyang Lake wetland during low water periods.The highest concentration of PCP in water samples was 0.887 ng/L(North of Gan River in Wucheng)and the lowest was 0.116 ng/L(Hukou ferry),the average value was(0.330±0.091)ng/L.The highest concentration of PCP in sediment samples was 62.1 ng/kg(North of Gan River in Wucheng)and the lowest was 8.9 ng/kg(Hukou ferry),the average value was(23.4±6.6)ng/kg.The highest concentration of PCP in Carex cinerascens samples was 132.2 ng/kg(North of Gan River in Wucheng)and the lowest was 22.6 ng/kg(Duchang Jishan),the average value was(55.5±13.9)ng/kg.Compared with PCP measured in other regions at home and abroad,the PCP of Poyang Lake wetland during low water periods was lower.(2)The species sensitivity distribution model was used to estimate the ecological risk of PCP in water.The risk quotient of all water samples were below 0.001 which meant that the ecological risk was low.(3)PCP in sediments had significant negative correlation with pH.
The pollution characteristics of pentachlorophenol(PCP)in multi environment medium of Poyang Lake wetland during low water periods were studied.The results showed that:(1)PCP could be found in all samples of water,sediment and Carex cinerascens of Poyang Lake wetland during low water periods.The highest concentration of PCP in water samples was 0.887 ng/L(North of Gan River in Wucheng)and the lowest was 0.116 ng/L(Hukou ferry),the average value was(0.330±0.091)ng/L.The highest concentration of PCP in sediment samples was 62.1 ng/kg(North of Gan River in Wucheng)and the lowest was 8.9 ng/kg(Hukou ferry),the average value was(23.4±6.6)ng/kg.The highest concentration of PCP in Carex cinerascens samples was 132.2 ng/kg(North of Gan River in Wucheng)and the lowest was 22.6 ng/kg(Duchang Jishan),the average value was(55.5±13.9)ng/kg.Compared with PCP measured in other regions at home and abroad,the PCP of Poyang Lake wetland during low water periods was lower.(2)The species sensitivity distribution model was used to estimate the ecological risk of PCP in water.The risk quotient of all water samples were below 0.001 which meant that the ecological risk was low.(3)PCP in sediments had significant negative correlation with pH.
引文
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[16]曲丽娟,鲜啟鸣,邹惠仙.固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水及其水源水中的氯酚[J].环境污染与防治,2004,26(2):154-155,157.
[17]刘金林,胡建英,万祎,等.海河流域和渤海湾沉积物和水样中五氯酚的分布[J].环境化学,2006,25(5):539-542.
[18]ROUTTI H,BAVEL B V,LETCHER R J,et al.Concentrations,patterns and metabolites of organochlorine pesticides in relation to xenobiotic phaseⅠandⅡenzyme activities in ringed seals(Phoca hispida)from Svalbard and the Baltic Sea[J].Environmental Pollution,2009,157(8/9):2428-2434.
[19]ALI N,MEHDI T,MALIK R N,et al.Levels and profile of several classes of organic contaminants in matched indoor dust and serum samples from occupational settings of Pakistan[J].Environmental Pollution,2014,193(10):269-276.
[20]GILROYA M,MUIR D C G,MCMASTER M E,et al.Halogenated phenolic compounds in wild fish from Canadian Areas of Concern[J].Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2017,36(9):2266-2273.
[21]王冰霜.池州市贵池区水源水氯酚的风险评价和社区居民氯酚内暴露水平研究[D].合肥:安徽医科大学,2016.
[22]迟杰,黄国兰,熊振湖.pH对五氯酚在水体悬浮颗粒物上吸附行为的影响[J].天津城市建设学院学报,2003,9(1):1-3,49.
[23]TAO Y,XUE B,ZHONG J,et al.Influences of pH,heavy metals and phosphate and their co-influences on the sorption of pentachlorophenol on cyanobacterial biomass[J].Water Research,2012,46(11):3585-3594.
[2]谭大,张剑波.Top-down法计算中国五氯酚钠消费分布[J].环境污染与防治,2008,30(3):17-20.
[3]刘小真,周文斌,魏洽,等.鄱阳湖区海会镇洲滩底泥有机氯农药污染研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2008,25(5):385-388.
[4]刘小真,周文斌,胡利娜,等.鄱阳湖区洲滩底质有机氯农药的垂直污染特征[J].生态环境,2008,17(4):1348-1353.
[5]胡豆豆,欧阳克蕙,戴征煌,等.鄱阳湖湿地灰化苔草草甸群落特征及多样性[J].草业科学,2013,30(6):844-848.
[6]吴琴,尧波,朱丽丽,等.鄱阳湖典型苔草湿地生物量季节变化及固碳功能评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(2):215-219.
[7]张兵,郑明辉,刘芃岩,等.五氯酚在洞庭湖环境介质中的分布[J].中国环境科学,2001,21(2):165-167.
[8]国务院有关部委赴安徽、江西两省血吸虫病防治工作调查组.安徽、江西两省血吸虫病防治工作调查报告[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,1990,2(2):3-5.
[9]钟久河,张绍基,刘志德,等.鄱阳湖区1987年急性血吸虫病调查研究[J].中国寄生虫病防治杂志,1989,2(2):77-78,138.
[10]MUIR J,EDULJEE G.PCP in the freshwater and marine environment of the European Union[J].Science of the Total Environment,1999,236(1/2/3):41-56.
[11]VAAL M,WAL J T V D,HERMENS J,et al.Pattern analysis of the variation in the sensitivity of aquatic species to toxicants[J].Chemosphere,1997,35(6):1291-1309.
[12]GIFFORD J S,BUCKLAND S J,JUDD M C,et al.Pentachlorophenol(PCP),PCDD,PCDF and pesticide concentrations in a freshwater lake catchment[J].Chemosphere,1996,32(11):2097-2113.
[13]NASCIMENTO N R D,NICOLA S M C,REZENDE M O O,et al.Pollution by hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorophenol in the coastal plain of S2o Paulo state,Brazil[J].Geoderma,2004,121(3/4):221-232.
[14]EL KABBANY S,RASHED M M,ZAYED M A.Monitoring of the pesticide levels in some water supplies and agricultural land,in El-Haram,Giza(A.R.E.)[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2000,72(1):11-21.
[15]HONG H C,ZHOU H Y,LUAN T G,et al.Residue of pentachlorophenol in freshwater sediments and human breast milk collected from the Pearl River Delta,China[J].Environment International,2005,31(5):643-649.
[16]曲丽娟,鲜啟鸣,邹惠仙.固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水及其水源水中的氯酚[J].环境污染与防治,2004,26(2):154-155,157.
[17]刘金林,胡建英,万祎,等.海河流域和渤海湾沉积物和水样中五氯酚的分布[J].环境化学,2006,25(5):539-542.
[18]ROUTTI H,BAVEL B V,LETCHER R J,et al.Concentrations,patterns and metabolites of organochlorine pesticides in relation to xenobiotic phaseⅠandⅡenzyme activities in ringed seals(Phoca hispida)from Svalbard and the Baltic Sea[J].Environmental Pollution,2009,157(8/9):2428-2434.
[19]ALI N,MEHDI T,MALIK R N,et al.Levels and profile of several classes of organic contaminants in matched indoor dust and serum samples from occupational settings of Pakistan[J].Environmental Pollution,2014,193(10):269-276.
[20]GILROYA M,MUIR D C G,MCMASTER M E,et al.Halogenated phenolic compounds in wild fish from Canadian Areas of Concern[J].Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2017,36(9):2266-2273.
[21]王冰霜.池州市贵池区水源水氯酚的风险评价和社区居民氯酚内暴露水平研究[D].合肥:安徽医科大学,2016.
[22]迟杰,黄国兰,熊振湖.pH对五氯酚在水体悬浮颗粒物上吸附行为的影响[J].天津城市建设学院学报,2003,9(1):1-3,49.
[23]TAO Y,XUE B,ZHONG J,et al.Influences of pH,heavy metals and phosphate and their co-influences on the sorption of pentachlorophenol on cyanobacterial biomass[J].Water Research,2012,46(11):3585-3594.