不同有机物料对原生盐碱地土壤腐殖质结合形态及组成的影响
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摘要
为了探究不同种类有机物料及同种有机物料的不同形态对原生盐碱地土壤腐殖质结合形态及组成的影响。以吉林省西部地区原生盐碱地为研究对象,采用连续3年的大田试验,通过大田取样和室内分析相结合的方式对其进行研究。试验设颗粒秸秆(KL)、正常玉米秸秆(JG)、羊粪(YF)、牧草(MC)和对照(CK)5个处理,采用Anderson结合态腐殖质分组法提取土壤腐殖质,研究了不同有机物料对原生盐碱地土壤腐殖质结合形态及组成的影响。结果表明:(1)施加不同有机物料较CK处理均提高了原生盐碱地土壤腐殖质含量,促进土壤中各种结合形态腐殖质含量的增加,其中KL、MC、YF 3个处理间松结合态腐殖质含量差异不显著,但相比CK处理均差异显著。对联结合态腐殖质含量影响较大,各处理间均差异显著。KL处理与其他处理稳结合态腐殖质含量差异显著,其中JG、MC、YF 3个处理间差异不显著,但相比CK处理均差异显著。紧结合态腐殖质含量各处理同CK相比差异显著,KL处理同JG处理差异显著,其他处理间差异不显著。(2)不同有机物料均能提高松/紧比值和松/稳比值,有利于腐殖质的更新及土壤肥力的提高。(3)对胡富比(H/F)的影响则表现为各处理同CK处理相比差异显著,胡富比(H/F)的增加表征着富里酸的缩合转化,进一步形成结构复杂,芳香化程度高胡敏酸,增加了土壤胡敏酸含量,促进土壤腐殖质的聚合程度以及腐殖化度的提高。综合得出,有机物料能够增加原生盐碱地土壤腐殖质含量,提高各结合形态腐殖质含量。同种有机物料不同形态作用差异显著,中颗粒秸秆(正常玉米秸秆经过粉碎高温高压处理,长2cm、直径0.5cm的圆柱形颗粒)效果远好于其他处理。
In order to explore the effects of different organic material types and different shapes of same organic materials on the binding form and composition of soil humus in primary saline and alkaline land,the field experiment was carried out for three consecutive years in the primary saline and alkaline land in the western area of Jilin province,and field sampling and indoor analysis were carried out in this study.The experiment was conducted with five treatments,which were granular straw(KL),normal corn straw(JG),grass(MC),sheep manure(YF)and CK.The experimental results showed that:(1)Compared with the CK treatment,the application of different organic materials increased the soil humus content of the original saline-alkali soil,and promoted the increase of humus content in various combined forms in the soil.There was no significant difference in the content of loosely combined humus among the KL,MC and YF treatments,while the difference was significant in comparison with CK.Organic materials had a great influence on the content of conjugated humus in the combined state,and the difference was significant among the treatments.There was a significant difference in the content of stable combined humus between KL treatment and other treatments,and there was no significant difference among the JG treatment,MC treatment and YFtreatment,but the difference was significant compared with CK treatment.The tightly bound humus content of the treatments applied organic materials were significantly different with that of CK,and the difference between KL treatment and JG treatment was significant,but there was no significant difference between other treatments.(2)Different organic materials all could improve the loose/tight ratio and the loose/stability ratio,which was conducive to the renewal of humus and the improvement of soil fertility.(3)There were significant difference in H/F ratio between the treatments applied organic materials and CK,and the increase of H/F ratio indicated that the further condensation of FA into HA with a high degree of aromatization and complex structure,and increased the content of HA,and promoted both the polymerization degree and the humification degree of soil humus.Organic materials could increase the humus content of the original salinealkali soil and increase the content of humus in combined forms.The effect of different forms of the same organic material was significant difference.In this experiment,the effect of granular straw(normal corn straw was crushed under high temperature and pressure,2cm long,0.5cm diameter cylindrical particles)was much better than other treatments.
In order to explore the effects of different organic material types and different shapes of same organic materials on the binding form and composition of soil humus in primary saline and alkaline land,the field experiment was carried out for three consecutive years in the primary saline and alkaline land in the western area of Jilin province,and field sampling and indoor analysis were carried out in this study.The experiment was conducted with five treatments,which were granular straw(KL),normal corn straw(JG),grass(MC),sheep manure(YF)and CK.The experimental results showed that:(1)Compared with the CK treatment,the application of different organic materials increased the soil humus content of the original saline-alkali soil,and promoted the increase of humus content in various combined forms in the soil.There was no significant difference in the content of loosely combined humus among the KL,MC and YF treatments,while the difference was significant in comparison with CK.Organic materials had a great influence on the content of conjugated humus in the combined state,and the difference was significant among the treatments.There was a significant difference in the content of stable combined humus between KL treatment and other treatments,and there was no significant difference among the JG treatment,MC treatment and YFtreatment,but the difference was significant compared with CK treatment.The tightly bound humus content of the treatments applied organic materials were significantly different with that of CK,and the difference between KL treatment and JG treatment was significant,but there was no significant difference between other treatments.(2)Different organic materials all could improve the loose/tight ratio and the loose/stability ratio,which was conducive to the renewal of humus and the improvement of soil fertility.(3)There were significant difference in H/F ratio between the treatments applied organic materials and CK,and the increase of H/F ratio indicated that the further condensation of FA into HA with a high degree of aromatization and complex structure,and increased the content of HA,and promoted both the polymerization degree and the humification degree of soil humus.Organic materials could increase the humus content of the original salinealkali soil and increase the content of humus in combined forms.The effect of different forms of the same organic material was significant difference.In this experiment,the effect of granular straw(normal corn straw was crushed under high temperature and pressure,2cm long,0.5cm diameter cylindrical particles)was much better than other treatments.
引文
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[14]严昶升.土壤肥力研究方法[M].北京:北京农业出版社,1988:265-269.
[15]张鸿龄,梁成华,杜立宇,等.长期定位施肥对保护地土壤腐殖质结合形态的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(5):831-834.
[16]李建明,吴景贵,王利辉.不同有机物料对黑土腐殖质结合形态影响差异性的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(8):1608-1615.
[17] Nicola S,Cesar P,Gennaro B,et al.A comparative survey of recent results on humic-like fractions in organic amendments and effects on native soil humic substances[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(6):1244-1262.
[18]张电学,韩志卿,王秋兵,等.不同施肥制度下褐土结合态腐殖质动态变化[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(4):597-601.
[19]刘树庆,杜孟庸,周健学,等.不同肥力土壤有机无机复合度及腐殖质结合形态及其与肥力关系研究[J].土壤通报,1989,20(5):267-270.
[20]王帅,王楠,张溪,等.改良方式对盐碱地稻田总有机碳及腐殖质组成的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(11):43-50.
[2]介明.盐碱地的危害与改良研究[J].绿色科技,2016(7):122,124.
[3] Mader P,Fliessbach A,Dubois D,et al.Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming[J].Science,2002,293(5573):1694-1697.
[4] Wardle D A,Bardgett R D,Klirmons,J N,et al.Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota[J].Science,2004,304(5677):1629-1633.
[5] Bollag J M,Loll M J.Incorporation of xenobiotics into soil humus[J].Experientia,1983,39(11):1221-1231.
[6]王晶,何忠俊,王立东,等.高黎贡山土壤腐殖质特性与团聚体数量特征研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(4):723-733.
[7]任玲,吴景贵,吕东波,等.不同耕作模式对东北黑土腐殖质结合形态的影响[J].东北农业科学,2016(2):50-55.
[8]樊腾芳,周卫军,郭子川,等.澧阳平原古水稻土有机无机复合度及腐殖质结合形态研究[J].湖南农业科学,2017(4):51-54.
[9]何瑞成,吴景贵,李建明.不同有机物料对原生盐碱地水稳性团聚体特征的影响[J].水土保持学报.2017,31(3):310-316.
[10]龙攀,高旺盛,隋鹏,等.农业废弃物料还田对土壤团聚体及土壤C和N的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(6):107-118.
[11]刘军,景峰,李同花.秸秆还田对长期连作棉田土壤腐殖质组分含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(2):293-302.
[12] Yu K,Feng H,Zhao Y,et al.Ammoniated straw incorporation promoting straw decomposition and improving winter wheat yield and water use efficiency[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(19):103-111.
[13]吴景贵.农业资源与资源环境专业实验技术指导[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2016:221-238.
[14]严昶升.土壤肥力研究方法[M].北京:北京农业出版社,1988:265-269.
[15]张鸿龄,梁成华,杜立宇,等.长期定位施肥对保护地土壤腐殖质结合形态的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(5):831-834.
[16]李建明,吴景贵,王利辉.不同有机物料对黑土腐殖质结合形态影响差异性的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(8):1608-1615.
[17] Nicola S,Cesar P,Gennaro B,et al.A comparative survey of recent results on humic-like fractions in organic amendments and effects on native soil humic substances[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(6):1244-1262.
[18]张电学,韩志卿,王秋兵,等.不同施肥制度下褐土结合态腐殖质动态变化[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(4):597-601.
[19]刘树庆,杜孟庸,周健学,等.不同肥力土壤有机无机复合度及腐殖质结合形态及其与肥力关系研究[J].土壤通报,1989,20(5):267-270.
[20]王帅,王楠,张溪,等.改良方式对盐碱地稻田总有机碳及腐殖质组成的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(11):43-50.