添加稻草生物质炭对滨海水稻土有机质活性的影响
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摘要
为明确腐熟稻草、直还稻草与稻草生物质炭3种不同的稻草还田方式对滨海盐渍型水稻土中碳组分的影响,采用为期270d的室内恒温培养试验,研究了施用等碳量的腐熟稻草、直还稻草(指稻草直接还田)与稻草生物质炭对水稻土有机碳累积及其氧化稳定性、土壤水溶性有机碳和微生物生物量碳含量的影响。稻草生物质炭处理显著提高了土壤有机碳累积量及其氧化稳定性,并增加了土壤微生物生物量碳含量,但对水稻土水溶性有机碳含量并无影响。腐熟稻草与直还稻草处理皆可在短时间内提高土壤水溶性有机碳及微生物生物量碳含量,但对土壤碳累积影响较小,腐熟稻草处理甚至会降低土壤抗氧化能力。稻草生物质炭的施用会增加土壤碳的积累,但若长期施用会降低土壤碳库活性,其可与腐熟稻草或直还稻草配施来减少这一问题。
In order to clarify the effects of three different rice straw returning modes(rotted rice straw, direct return of rice straw, rice straw-derived biochar) on organic carbon activity in the coastal saline paddy soil, an indoor incubation experiment(at25℃ and 270 days) was designed and conducted to study the potential effect of their equivalent carbon application on accumulation and stability of soil organic carbon, the contents of microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon. Results showed that application of rice straw-derived biochar increased significantly the accumulation and stability of soil organic carbon,and improved the content of microbial biomass carbon. However, it had no effect on the content of dissolved organic carbon. The rotted rice straw and direct return of rice straw treatments increased significantly the contents of soil dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass at the beginning of incubation experiment, while they had no effects on the accumulation of carbon.Application of rotted rice straw decreased the stability of organic carbon. In conclusion, application of rice straw-derived biochar could increase the accumulation of organic carbon in soil, but it might also decrease activity of soil organic matter after a long-term application without any application of other organic materials. However, its application combined application with rotted rice straw or direct return of rice straw can reduce this negative effect.
In order to clarify the effects of three different rice straw returning modes(rotted rice straw, direct return of rice straw, rice straw-derived biochar) on organic carbon activity in the coastal saline paddy soil, an indoor incubation experiment(at25℃ and 270 days) was designed and conducted to study the potential effect of their equivalent carbon application on accumulation and stability of soil organic carbon, the contents of microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon. Results showed that application of rice straw-derived biochar increased significantly the accumulation and stability of soil organic carbon,and improved the content of microbial biomass carbon. However, it had no effect on the content of dissolved organic carbon. The rotted rice straw and direct return of rice straw treatments increased significantly the contents of soil dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass at the beginning of incubation experiment, while they had no effects on the accumulation of carbon.Application of rotted rice straw decreased the stability of organic carbon. In conclusion, application of rice straw-derived biochar could increase the accumulation of organic carbon in soil, but it might also decrease activity of soil organic matter after a long-term application without any application of other organic materials. However, its application combined application with rotted rice straw or direct return of rice straw can reduce this negative effect.
引文
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[16]Kimetu J M,Lehmann J.Stability and stabilisation of biochar and green manure in soil with different organic carbon contents[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2010,48(7):577-585
[17]Kuzyakov Y,Subbotina I,Chen H Q,et al.Black carbon decomposition and incorporation into soil microbial biomass estimated by 14C labeling[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2009,41:210-219
[18]Hamer U,Marschner B.Priming effects of sugars,amino acids,organic acids and catechol on the mineralization of ignin and peat.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2002,165:261-268
[19]郭建华.水稻秸秆生物碳的结构特征、稳定性及其固碳机制[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014
[20]高学振,张丛志,张佳宝,等.生物炭、秸秆和有机肥对砂姜黑土改性效果的对比研究[J].土壤,2016,48(3):468-474
[2]杨志臣,吕贻忠,张凤荣,等.秸秆还田和腐熟有机肥对水稻土培肥效果对比分析[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(3):214-218
[3]米迎宾,杨劲松,姚荣江,等.不同措施对滨海盐渍土壤呼吸、电导率和有机碳的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(3):612-620
[4]Parton W J,Schimei D S,Cole C V,et al.Analysis of factors controlling soil organic matter levels in the Great Plains grasslands[J].Soil Science society of America Journal,1987,51:1173-1179
[5]沈宏,曹志洪,胡正义.土壤活性有机碳的表征及其生态效应[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(3):32-38
[6]Xiao Z H,Shou Y W.Change of organic carbon content and its fractions in black soil under long-term application of chemical fertilizers and recycled organic manure[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2006,37:1127-1137
[7]王志明,朱培立,黄东迈,等.秸秆碳的田间原位分解和微生物量碳的周转特征[J].土壤学报,2003,40(3):446-453
[8]胡乃娟,韩新忠,杨敏芳,等.秸秆还田对稻麦轮作农田活性有机碳组分含量、酶活性及产量的短期效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):371-377
[9]朱姝,窦森,关松,等.秸秆深还对土壤团聚体中胡敏素结构特征的影响[J/OL].土壤学报,2016,53(1):127-136
[10]梁桓,索全义,侯建伟,等.不同炭化温度下玉米秸秆和沙蒿生物炭的结构特征及化学特性[J].土壤,2015,52(5):886-891
[11]袁可能,张友全.土壤腐殖质氧化稳定性的研究[J].浙江农业科学,1964(7):345-349
[12]Smith J L,Collins H P,Bailey V L.The effect of young biochar on soil respiration[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2001,42(12):2345-2347
[13]Kalbitz K,Solinger S,Park J H.Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soil:A review[J].Soil science,2000,165:277-304
[14]Liang B C,Mackenzie A F,Schnitzer M,et al.Management induced change in labile soil organic matter under continuous corn in eastern Canadian soils[J].Biology and fertility of soils,1998,26:88-94
[15]Bruun S,El-Zahery T,Jensen L.Carbon sequestration with biochar-stability and effect on decomposition of soil organic matter[C].Climate Change:Global Risks,Challenges and Decisions.IOPConf.Series:Earth and Environmental Science,2009
[16]Kimetu J M,Lehmann J.Stability and stabilisation of biochar and green manure in soil with different organic carbon contents[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2010,48(7):577-585
[17]Kuzyakov Y,Subbotina I,Chen H Q,et al.Black carbon decomposition and incorporation into soil microbial biomass estimated by 14C labeling[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2009,41:210-219
[18]Hamer U,Marschner B.Priming effects of sugars,amino acids,organic acids and catechol on the mineralization of ignin and peat.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2002,165:261-268
[19]郭建华.水稻秸秆生物碳的结构特征、稳定性及其固碳机制[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014
[20]高学振,张丛志,张佳宝,等.生物炭、秸秆和有机肥对砂姜黑土改性效果的对比研究[J].土壤,2016,48(3):468-474