石墨烯量子点在储能器件中的应用
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摘要
石墨烯量子点(GQDs)作为新型碳基材料,由于其纳米级小尺寸而具有比表面积大、导电性高、透明性好、荧光性能独特等优点,是一种极具潜力的储能器件电极材料。GQDs与金属化合物、碳材料等形成具有三维空间结构的复合材料,有利于电子扩散和离子传输,大幅度改善GQDs作为电极材料的实际应用性能。异原子掺杂型GQDs可提供较多活性位点,提高活性物质利用率。本文介绍了GQDs的合成策略,主要分为自上而下和自下而上法。不同制备方法对GQDs的粒径大小、表面缺陷位点和荧光特性等的影响也不尽相同。通过阐述近几年GQDs、掺杂型GQDs及其复合物在超级电容器、锂离子电池、太阳能电池等能源器件方面的应用实例,表明具有量子限域效应和边界效应的GQDs基材料在新型储能器件中有巨大的应用潜力;通过深层剖析GQDs复合物的空间结构对储能器件电化学性能的影响,为今后深入研究奠定基础。此外,指出未来GQDs的发展方向是寻找快速、绿色环保的大批量合成方法,均匀、有效的掺杂或复合以及构建独特空间结构的电极材料,进一步提高其应用于储能器件时的电化学性能。
In term of new carbon-based material, graphene quantum dots(GQDs) are a boundless promising electrode material for energy storage devices due to their excellent properties of large specific surface area, high conductivity, excellent transparency and unique fluorescence characteristics. GQDs form composites with metal compounds or carbon material to construct three-dimensional spatial structures, which is conductive to electron diffusion and ion transport, greatly improving the practical application performance of GQDs as electrode materials. Furthermore, heteroatoms-doped GQDs can provide more active sites and enhance the utilization of active substance. Herein, The synthesis strategies of GQDs, which are mainly classified into top-down and bottom-up methods,are briefly introduced. The effects of various preparation methods on the particle size, surface defect sites and fluorescence characteristics of GQDs are also distinct. The applications of GQDs, doped GQDs and their composites in energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, solar cells and fuel cells in recent years, it is obvious that GQDs-based electrode materials with quantum confinement effect and boundary effect have great potential for new energy storage devices. The influence of distinctive space structure on electrochemical properties are analyzed. In addition, it is pointed out that the future development of GQDs is to find a rapid, green and environmentally-friendly method for mass synthesis of GQDs, uniform and effective doping or compounding and constructing a unique spatial structure of electrode materials, which can further improve the electrochemical performance in the applications of energy storage devices.
In term of new carbon-based material, graphene quantum dots(GQDs) are a boundless promising electrode material for energy storage devices due to their excellent properties of large specific surface area, high conductivity, excellent transparency and unique fluorescence characteristics. GQDs form composites with metal compounds or carbon material to construct three-dimensional spatial structures, which is conductive to electron diffusion and ion transport, greatly improving the practical application performance of GQDs as electrode materials. Furthermore, heteroatoms-doped GQDs can provide more active sites and enhance the utilization of active substance. Herein, The synthesis strategies of GQDs, which are mainly classified into top-down and bottom-up methods,are briefly introduced. The effects of various preparation methods on the particle size, surface defect sites and fluorescence characteristics of GQDs are also distinct. The applications of GQDs, doped GQDs and their composites in energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, solar cells and fuel cells in recent years, it is obvious that GQDs-based electrode materials with quantum confinement effect and boundary effect have great potential for new energy storage devices. The influence of distinctive space structure on electrochemical properties are analyzed. In addition, it is pointed out that the future development of GQDs is to find a rapid, green and environmentally-friendly method for mass synthesis of GQDs, uniform and effective doping or compounding and constructing a unique spatial structure of electrode materials, which can further improve the electrochemical performance in the applications of energy storage devices.
引文
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