波数有限元法分析频率域内无砟轨道刚度的动力特性
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摘要
对波数有限元方法进行验证后,结合高速铁路设计规范,建立CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道的波数有限元模型,讨论轨道结构各部件弹性模量/刚度变化对轨道结构整体刚度的影响,进行轨道刚度对关键参数的敏感性分析,得到以下主要结论:无砟轨道刚度在低频段和高频段有不同的特征。在低频段(0~第三阶动刚度峰值频率),出现多个共振引起的波谷值和波峰值;在高频段(第三阶动刚度峰值频率~100 Hz),轨道刚度随着频率的增加而减小。轨道各部件中,扣件的刚度对轨道刚度的影响最明显,但其对轨道低频段内的共振频率影响不大;基床底层和地基弹性模量仅影响低频段的轨道刚度,共振频率和轨道静刚度随着弹性模量的增加而增大,最大轨道动刚度的变化不明显;基床表层和CA砂浆弹性模量对轨道刚度的影响较小。
After verification of the wavenumber finite element method,according to the latest design specifications of high speed railway,the wavenumber finite element model of the CRTSⅡslab ballastless track was established.The influence of the elastic modulus and stiffness variation of each component of the track structure on the overall stiffness of track structure was investigated.The sensitivity of track stiffness to key parameters was analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows:The ballastless track dynamic stiffness has diverse features in the low frequency and high frequency ranges.In the low frequency range(0~the third order peak frequency of dynamic stiffness),several crest and valley values appeared.In the high frequency range(the third order peak frequency of dynamic stiffness~100 Hz),the track stiffness decreases with the increase of frequency.Among all the track components,the stiffness of the fastener has the most impact on the track global stiffness,but it can hardly affect the resonance frequency in the low frequency range of the track.The elastic modulus of the base course of the subgrade bed and the foundation only affects the track stiffness in the low frequency range.The resonant frequency and the static stiffness of the track increase with the increase of the elastic modulus,but the change of the maximum dynamic stiffness of the track is minor.The influence of the elastic modulus of the subgrade surface layer and CA mortar on the track stiffness is small.
After verification of the wavenumber finite element method,according to the latest design specifications of high speed railway,the wavenumber finite element model of the CRTSⅡslab ballastless track was established.The influence of the elastic modulus and stiffness variation of each component of the track structure on the overall stiffness of track structure was investigated.The sensitivity of track stiffness to key parameters was analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows:The ballastless track dynamic stiffness has diverse features in the low frequency and high frequency ranges.In the low frequency range(0~the third order peak frequency of dynamic stiffness),several crest and valley values appeared.In the high frequency range(the third order peak frequency of dynamic stiffness~100 Hz),the track stiffness decreases with the increase of frequency.Among all the track components,the stiffness of the fastener has the most impact on the track global stiffness,but it can hardly affect the resonance frequency in the low frequency range of the track.The elastic modulus of the base course of the subgrade bed and the foundation only affects the track stiffness in the low frequency range.The resonant frequency and the static stiffness of the track increase with the increase of the elastic modulus,but the change of the maximum dynamic stiffness of the track is minor.The influence of the elastic modulus of the subgrade surface layer and CA mortar on the track stiffness is small.
引文
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[2]刘学毅.轨道刚度的影响分析及动力学优化[J].西南交通大学学报,2004,39(1):1-5.LIU Xueyi.Effect Analysis of Track Stiffness on Dynamic Characteristics of Wheel-rail System and Its Dynamic Optimization[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2004,39(1):1-5.
[3]翟婉明,蔡成标,王开云.轨道刚度对列车走行性能的影响[J].铁道学报,2000,22(6):80-83.ZHAI Wanming,CAI Chengbiao,WANG Kaiyun.Effect of Track Stiffness on Train Running Behavior[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2000,22(6):80-83.
[4]张格明.轨道刚度合理值评价指标的研究[J].中国铁道科学,2002,23(1):51-57.ZHANG Geming.Research on Right Level of Track Structure Stiffness and Track-part Stiffness[J].China Railway Science,2002,23(1):51-57.
[5]王平,徐金辉,汪力,等.轨道刚度对车辆-轨道系统频率响应的影响[J].铁道工程学报,2014,31(9):46-52.WANG Ping,XU Jinhui,WANG Li,et al.Effect of Track Stiffness on Frequency Response of Vehicle-track Coupling System[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2014,31(9):46-52.
[6]ZAKERI J A,XIA H.Sensitivity Analysis of Track Parameters on Train-track Dynamic Interaction[J].Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2008,22(7):1299-1304.
[7]CHRISTOFFER W,METRIKINE A V,BODARE A.Identification of Effective Properties of the Railway Substructure in the Low-frequency Range Using a Heavy Oscillating Unit on the Track[J].Archive of Applied Mechanics,2010,80(9):959-968.
[8]赫丹,向俊,郭高杰,等.砂浆刚度和阻尼对高速列车-板式轨道时变系统竖向振动的影响[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2006,3(3):26-30.HE Dan,XIANG Jun,GUO Gaojie,et al.The Effect of Stiffness and Damping of Cement Asphalt Mortar on the Vertical Vibration of the High-speed Train and Slab Track Time-dependent System[J].Journal of Railway Sciences and Engineering,2006,3(3):26-30.
[9]成功.解析-波数有限元混合模型分析地面高速轨道诱发的大地振动[D].南昌:华东交通大学,2016.
[10]NILSSON C M,JONES C J C.Theory Manual for WANDS2.1 Wave-Number-Domain FE-BE Software for Structures and Fluids[R].Southampton,2007.
[11]SHENG X Z.Ground Vibrations Generated from Trains[D].Southampton:University of Southampton,2001.
[12]国家铁路局.TB 10621—2014高速铁路设计规范[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2014.