PE-LD/桉木粉复合材料的制备及其性能研究
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摘要
以自制的低密度聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐(PE-LD-g-MAH)为改性剂,分别使用双螺杆挤出机和开放式炼胶机制备了PE-LD/桉木粉复合材料。采用模压成型法制备了试片,探究了模压温度、模压时间、改性剂用量和不同的制备方法对木塑复合材料拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱对其形貌和结构进行了表征。结果表明,木塑复合材料较适宜的模压温度为160℃,模压时间为10min;添加PE-LD-g-MAH并采用开放式炼胶机制备的复合材料的拉伸强度由空白样的16.53MPa提高到24.46MPa,缺口冲击强度由2.04kJ/m2提高到4.58kJ/m~2;PE-LD-g-MAH与木粉表面羟基发生了酯化反应,增加了界面黏结强度,从而提高了木塑复合材料的力学性能。
The PE-LD/eucalyptus flour powders wood plastic composites were prepared by a twinscrew extruder and an open-type refine machine using PE-LD-g-MAH a compatibilizer,and the effects of molding temperature,molding time,PE-LD-g-MAH concentration and preparation methods on the tensile strength and notched impact strength of the composites were investigated.The morphology and chemical structure of the composites were characterized by SEM and FTIR.The results indicated that the optimum molding temperature and time is 160℃and 10 min for the preparation of composites,and the use of the open-type refine machine and PE-LD-g-MAH led to the excellent mechanical properties for the composites due to a better dispersion and interface bonding strength of eucalyptus flour powders.The tensile strength of composites increased from 16.53 MPa to 24.46 MPa,and their notched impact strength increased from 2.04 kJ/m~2 to 4.58 kJ/m~2.The improvement in mechanical properties was due to the enhanced interface-bonding strength derived from the esterification reaction between PE-LD-g-MAH and the hydroxyl groups on the surface of eucalyptus flour powders.
The PE-LD/eucalyptus flour powders wood plastic composites were prepared by a twinscrew extruder and an open-type refine machine using PE-LD-g-MAH a compatibilizer,and the effects of molding temperature,molding time,PE-LD-g-MAH concentration and preparation methods on the tensile strength and notched impact strength of the composites were investigated.The morphology and chemical structure of the composites were characterized by SEM and FTIR.The results indicated that the optimum molding temperature and time is 160℃and 10 min for the preparation of composites,and the use of the open-type refine machine and PE-LD-g-MAH led to the excellent mechanical properties for the composites due to a better dispersion and interface bonding strength of eucalyptus flour powders.The tensile strength of composites increased from 16.53 MPa to 24.46 MPa,and their notched impact strength increased from 2.04 kJ/m~2 to 4.58 kJ/m~2.The improvement in mechanical properties was due to the enhanced interface-bonding strength derived from the esterification reaction between PE-LD-g-MAH and the hydroxyl groups on the surface of eucalyptus flour powders.
引文
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[2]FANG L,CHANG L,GUO W J,et al.Influence of Silane Surface Modification of Veneer on Interfacial Adhesion of Wood-plastic Plywood[J].Applied Surface Science,2014,288:682-689.
[3]NADIR A,TURGAY A,TURKER D,et al.Effect of Boron and Phosphate Compounds on Physical,Mechanical,and Fire Properties of Wood-polypropylene Composites[J].Construction and Building Materials,2012,33:63-69.
[4]周雅静,揣成智.LDPE熔融接枝马来酸酐的粘结性能[J].塑料,2015,44(2):57-59.ZHOU Y J,CHUAI C Z.Adhesive Performance of LDPEG-Rafted Maleic Anhydride[J].Plastics,2015,44(2):57-59.
[5]宋艳江,王宝云,羊海棠,等.LDPE基木塑复合材料制备工艺及性能研究[J].塑料工业,2012,40(10):28-57.SONG Y J,WANG B Y,YANG H T,et al.Stduy on Preparation Process and Properties of LDPE/Wood Plastic Composites[J].China Plastics Indusrry,2012,40(10):28-57.
[6]姜洪丽,董建,周经纶,等.界面改性对秸秆粉/PE-HD复合材料性能和热降解特性的影响[J].塑料,2015,44(6):79-81.JIANG H L,DONG J,ZHOU J L,et al.Effect of Interface Modification on Property and Thermal Degradation of Straw Powder/PE-HD Composite[J],Plastics,2015,44(6):79-81.
[7]李跃文,陈兴华,欧阳杰,等.GMA和共单体对聚乙烯木塑复合材料的直接反应增容[J].高分子学报,2012(6):621-627.LI Y W,CHEN X H,OU Y J,et al.Direct Reactive Compattbilization of PE/Wood-flour composites by Using Glycidyl Methacrylate and Comonomer[J].Acta Polymerica Sinica,2012(6):621-627.
[8]翟松涛,郭知理,许俊松,等.POE-g-MAH增韧回收HDPE基木塑复合材料的研究[J].弹性体,2016,26(4):52-55.ZHAI S T,GUO Z L,XU J S,et al.Recycled HDPE/Wood Plastic Composites Toughening by POE-g-MAH[J].Elastomer,2016,26(4):52-55.
[9]王光照,姜洪丽,程文家.秸秆粉的改性及其表面极性对木塑复合材料界面的影响[J].中国塑料,2017,31(3):54-57.WANG G Z,JIANG H L,CHENG W J.Effects of Modified Wheat Straw Powders and Their Surface Polarity on Interface of Wood-plastics Composites[J].China Plastics,2017,31(3):54-57.
[10]任从容,李雪菲,韦文榜,等.人工林速生材桉木研究现状与发展趋势[J].木材加工机械,2017,28(5):33-36.REN C R,LI X F,WEN W B,et al.Application and Development of Eucalyptus[J].Wood Pocessing Machinery,2017,28(5):33-36.
[11]李雪菲,任从容,韦文榜,等.桉木单板/聚丙烯膜复合材料的制备工艺及力学性能[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(2):87-90.LI X F,REN C R,WEN W B,et al.Pressing Crafts and Mechanical Properties of Eucalyptus Veneer/Poly Propylene(PP)Film Composites[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2015,43(2):87-90.
[12]郑世容.低密度聚乙烯接枝改性研究进展[D].南充:西南石油大学,2012.
[13]唐禹,梁家鸣,梁斌.聚烯烃基木塑复合材料增强改性的研究进展[J].化工新型材料,2016,44(8):20-22.TANG Y,LIANG J M,LIANG B.Research on the Enhence Modifcation of Polyolefin-based Wood Plastic Composite[J].New Chemical Materials,2016,44(8):20-22.
[14]刘宏达,高建民,陈瑶.预热处理对改善尾巨桉木材干缩性和材色的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(5):176-180.LIU H D,GAO J M,CHEN Y.Effects of pre-heat Treatment on Improving the Shrinkage and Color of Eucatyptus gandis×E.urophylla Wood[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(5):176-180.
[15]龙海蓉.桉木实木复合地板的研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013.
[16]李伟,吕群,羊海棠,等.PE-g-MAH对木粉高填充量PE木塑性能的影响[J].中国塑料,2008,22(12):28-32.LI W,LYU Q,YANG H T,et al.Effect of PE-g-MAHProperties of High-content Wood-flour Filled PE Composites[J],China Plastics,2008,22(12):28-32.
[17]游瑞生,刘朝栋,李伟浩.纳米木塑复合材料的制备与研究[J].广东化工,2016,43(14):24-25.YOU R S,LIU C D,LI W H.Study on Preparation of Nano Wood-plastic Composite[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2016,43(14):24-25.
[18]傅政,侯耀永,冯玉敏,等.用扫描电镜研究聚氯乙烯共混物的断裂行为[J].中国塑料,1990,4(3):39-43.FU Z,HOU Y Y,FENG Y M,et al.Study on Fracture Behavior PE Blend with SEM[J].China Plastics,1990,4(3):39-43.