乳酸菌添加剂对3种典型木本饲料青贮效果的影响
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摘要
木本饲料凭借其高蛋白含量的优势成为近年来研究的重点,乳酸菌添加剂可以加快植物材料青贮过程中pH值下降速度,有助于长期保存植物饲料。研究使用5种不同来源的乳酸菌,包括三株植物乳杆菌:a214(分离于苜蓿表面)、S37(分离于饲料桑表面)、F1(分离于荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃)和两种商业复合乳酸菌剂:FG1(日本Chikuso-1公司菌剂)、GFG(高福记生物科技有限公司菌株)作为添加剂,分别添加到刺槐、饲料桑和杂交构树中。结果表明:三种材料都具有高粗蛋白质(19.19%DM～20.92%DM)含量、低可溶性糖(1.70%DM～2.15%DM)含量的特征,较难青贮。添加乳酸菌后可降低青贮pH值、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量,提高青贮品质。但不同来源乳酸菌添加剂对不同木本饲料的作用效果有差异,F1对提高青贮刺槐和杂交构树青贮效果较好、FG1对提高饲料桑青贮效果较好。
Woody forage has become the focus of research in recent years because of its higher proteinand lower fiber compared with other forages. Lactic acid bacteria, may help decreasing the p H value ofsilage, can preserve plant forage for a long time. This experiment was intended to study the effects ofseveral LAB isolated from different materials on the silage made by three woody forage, and the re-source of LAB including three Lactobacillus plantarum: a214, S37, F1 and two commercial LAB: FG1,GFG, they were added into Robinia pseudoacacia, Morus alba L., and Broussonetia papyrifera interac-tively, and the fermentation quality and nutrient composition were measured after fermented 30 days atroom temperature. The results showed that all three materials were difficult to ferment since their char-acteristics of high CP (19.19% DM～20.92% DM) and low WSC (1.70% DM～2.15% DM). Adding LABmay reduce the pH value, NDF, ADF content(P>0.05), which was beneficial to improve the quality ofsilage. However, differences were shoed between matches, using F1 for Robinia pseudoacacia andBroussonetia papyrifera while using FG1 for Morus alba L. silage had a better effect.
Woody forage has become the focus of research in recent years because of its higher proteinand lower fiber compared with other forages. Lactic acid bacteria, may help decreasing the p H value ofsilage, can preserve plant forage for a long time. This experiment was intended to study the effects ofseveral LAB isolated from different materials on the silage made by three woody forage, and the re-source of LAB including three Lactobacillus plantarum: a214, S37, F1 and two commercial LAB: FG1,GFG, they were added into Robinia pseudoacacia, Morus alba L., and Broussonetia papyrifera interac-tively, and the fermentation quality and nutrient composition were measured after fermented 30 days atroom temperature. The results showed that all three materials were difficult to ferment since their char-acteristics of high CP (19.19% DM～20.92% DM) and low WSC (1.70% DM～2.15% DM). Adding LABmay reduce the pH value, NDF, ADF content(P>0.05), which was beneficial to improve the quality ofsilage. However, differences were shoed between matches, using F1 for Robinia pseudoacacia andBroussonetia papyrifera while using FG1 for Morus alba L. silage had a better effect.
引文
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[15]Shao T,Zhang Z X,Shi M,et al.Comparison of fermentation characteristics of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum Lam.)and guinea grass(Panium maximum Jacq.)during the early stage of ensiling[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science,2005,18(12):1727-1734.
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[17]塔娜,魏日华,德庆哈拉,等.对禾草源同型发酵和/或异型发酵乳酸菌发酵无芒雀麦青贮有氧稳定性的评价[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(4):1301-1311.
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[19]庄益芬,安宅一夫,张文昌.不同温度条件下添加剂对青贮苜蓿细胞壁成分和体外干物质消化率的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2006,27(6):61-64.
[20]Zhang Guojun,Mi Wenjing,Li Yun,et al.Effects of different supplements on tetraploid black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)silage[J].Forestry Studies in China,2010,12(4):176-183.
[21]董志浩,原现军,闻爱友,等.添加乳酸菌和发酵底物对桑叶青贮发酵品质的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(6):167-174.
[22]Dong Zhihai,Yuan Xianjun,Wen Aiyou.Effect of lactic acid bacteria and fermentation substrates on the quality of Mulberry leaf silage[J].Acta Prataculrurae Sinica,2016,25(6):167-174.
[23]万里强,李向林,何峰.添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶对苜蓿青贮品质的影响[J].草业科学,2011,28(7):1379-1383.
[24]赵子夫,侯先志.乳酸菌的分离筛选及其对玉米青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[25]王熙涛,何连芳,张玉苍.利用乳酸菌发酵桑树叶生产非常规饲料的研究[J].饲料工业,2010,31(1):49-52.
[26]韦海婷,刘晗璐,李玉光,等.梅花鹿瘤胃微生物的研究进展[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2017,36(12):5217-5222.
[27]K.Kandylis,L.Hadjigeorgiou,P.Harizanis.The nutritive value of mulberry leaves(Morus alba)as a feed supplement for sheep[J].Trop Anim.Health Prod.,2009,41:17-24.
[28]刘秦华,张建国,卢小良.乳酸菌添加剂对王草青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响[J].草业学报,2009,18(4):131-137.
[29]刘晶晶,高丽娟,师建芳,等.乳酸菌复合系和植物乳杆菌提高柳枝稷青贮效果[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(9):295-302.
[2]周玮,陈晓阳,骈瑞琪,等.世界木本饲料开发利用现状[J].广东农业科学,2011(2):126-129.
[3]马美蓉,徐玉花.高蛋白木本饲料开发利用研究概述[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(3):121-123.
[4]蔡小艳,曹树威,赖大伟,等.木本饲料的开发利用及研究现状[J]上海畜牧兽医通讯,2016(1):68-71.
[5]吴大林,郭静,石鸿辉.构树作为新型蛋白饲料的研究进展[J].中国猪业,2017(5):56-59.
[6]刘杰,陈婷,张永亮.饲料桑在畜禽养殖中的应用[J].广东饲料2017,26(9):41-42.
[7]聂林,彭杰,常军,等.四倍体刺槐研究现状及进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(4):1-4.
[8]J.Wang,J.Q.Wang,H.Zhou,et al.Effects of addition of previously fermented juice prepared from alfalfa on fermentation quality and protein degradation of alfalfa silage[J].Animal Feed Science And Techenology,2009,151(3/4):280-290.
[9]李平,肖冰雪,郑群英,等.乳酸菌及丙酸对老芒麦青贮品质的影响[J].草业科学,2017(2):28-32.
[10]B.D.Nkosi,R.Meedke,T.Langa,et al.Effects of bacterial inoculation on the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of ensiled whole plant soybeans(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)[J].South Africa Journal of Animal Science,2016,46(2):129-138.
[11]Hongyan Han,Chao Wang,Yanbing Li,et al.Identification of lactic acid bacteria in the feces of dairy cows fed whole crop maize silage to assess the survival of silage bacteria in the gut[J].Animal Science Journal,2018,89(1):97-104.
[12]席琳乔,吴书奇,史卉玲,等.青贮玉米优良乳酸菌的分离与筛选[J].贵州农业科学,2016(3):102-105.
[13]Ali Gulfam,Gang Guo,Seare Tajebe,et al.Characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolates and their effect on the fermentation quality of Napier grass silage at three high temperatures[J].Journal of The Science of Food And Agriculture,2017,97(6):1931-1938.
[14]Assar Ali Shah,Yuan Xianjun,Dong Zhihao,et al.Isolation and molecular identification of lactic acid bacteria from King grass and their application to improve the fermentation quality of sweet Sorghum[J].World Journal of Microbiology&Biotechnology,2018,34(1):3-16.
[15]Shao T,Zhang Z X,Shi M,et al.Comparison of fermentation characteristics of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum Lam.)and guinea grass(Panium maximum Jacq.)during the early stage of ensiling[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science,2005,18(12):1727-1734.
[16]李君临,张新全,玉柱,等.含水量和乳酸菌添加剂对多花黑麦草青贮品质的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):342-348.
[17]塔娜,魏日华,德庆哈拉,等.对禾草源同型发酵和/或异型发酵乳酸菌发酵无芒雀麦青贮有氧稳定性的评价[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(4):1301-1311.
[18]Yuan X J,She C Q,Shimojo M,et al.Improvement of fermentation and nutritive quality of straw-grass silage by inclusion of wet hulless-barley distillers’grains in Tibet[J].Asian-Aust Journal of Animal Science,2012,25(4):479-485.
[19]庄益芬,安宅一夫,张文昌.不同温度条件下添加剂对青贮苜蓿细胞壁成分和体外干物质消化率的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2006,27(6):61-64.
[20]Zhang Guojun,Mi Wenjing,Li Yun,et al.Effects of different supplements on tetraploid black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)silage[J].Forestry Studies in China,2010,12(4):176-183.
[21]董志浩,原现军,闻爱友,等.添加乳酸菌和发酵底物对桑叶青贮发酵品质的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(6):167-174.
[22]Dong Zhihai,Yuan Xianjun,Wen Aiyou.Effect of lactic acid bacteria and fermentation substrates on the quality of Mulberry leaf silage[J].Acta Prataculrurae Sinica,2016,25(6):167-174.
[23]万里强,李向林,何峰.添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶对苜蓿青贮品质的影响[J].草业科学,2011,28(7):1379-1383.
[24]赵子夫,侯先志.乳酸菌的分离筛选及其对玉米青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[25]王熙涛,何连芳,张玉苍.利用乳酸菌发酵桑树叶生产非常规饲料的研究[J].饲料工业,2010,31(1):49-52.
[26]韦海婷,刘晗璐,李玉光,等.梅花鹿瘤胃微生物的研究进展[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2017,36(12):5217-5222.
[27]K.Kandylis,L.Hadjigeorgiou,P.Harizanis.The nutritive value of mulberry leaves(Morus alba)as a feed supplement for sheep[J].Trop Anim.Health Prod.,2009,41:17-24.
[28]刘秦华,张建国,卢小良.乳酸菌添加剂对王草青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响[J].草业学报,2009,18(4):131-137.
[29]刘晶晶,高丽娟,师建芳,等.乳酸菌复合系和植物乳杆菌提高柳枝稷青贮效果[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(9):295-302.