全新世巢湖沉积物炭屑记录的火环境变化
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摘要
通过对巢湖湖泊沉积岩芯不同粒级炭屑浓度和磁化率等指标变化的研究,揭示了全新世以来的区域火环境变化及人类活动影响。结果表明:1全新世早期,气候由寒冷干旱向温暖湿润过渡,但仍较为干旱,炭屑浓度也相对略高,火活动比较频繁,地方性和区域性火时有发生;2全新世中期是最温暖湿润的适宜期,炭屑浓度出现全新世以来的低值,火活动微弱,但在文化兴盛时期炭屑浓度出现峰值,则归因于人类活动的影响;3全新世晚期,在气候趋于凉干的环境背景下,人类活动的增强更加剧了火活动的频率和强度,炭屑浓度大幅增加;4近200 a炭屑浓度的降低可能与湖区附近已没有足够生物量引起火灾有关。
By analyzing the concentration of different-sized charcoals and magnetic susceptibility of the CH-1core from the Chaohu Lake during the Holocene, the laws of charcoal content and the features of fire environmental changes were studied. In the early Holocene(9 870-6 040 cal. a BP), the climate was still dry although it was becoming warmer and wetter. The dry climate apparently creating the favorable conditions for natural fires to occur, which suggested the charcoal concentration was high. The middle Holocene(6 040-2 170 cal.a BP) was the warmest and wettest period during the Holocene, and very little charcoal was found in the core with the exception of cultural phases because the high precipitation during this period apparently suppressed natural fires. But human activities increased the fire frequency during the cultural phase. Archaeological investigations indicate that a large number of settlement sites distribute around the Chaohu Lake. Moreover, the remains of the Lingjiatan Culture(5 500-5 300 cal. a BP) are also identified with the presence of many types of exquisite jade objects. So value peaks in the charcoal concentration were showed. During the late Holocene(2 170 cal. a BP~), the climate became drier and cooler and conditions were once again favorable for fires to occur naturally. The water level of the Chaohu Lake reached the lowest as the lakebed possibly exposed. The concentration of charcoal in the core greatly increased during this period that showed the greatest levels of fire activity. Therefore, the great amount of charcoal concentration was related to both the drier climate and the increased human activities. These correlate well with the results from the archaeological evidence of ancient Juchao City. During the recent two hundred years, the amount of charcoal concentration sharply decreased and fire occurrence disappeared gradually because there was not enough biomass in the Chaohu Lake Region.
By analyzing the concentration of different-sized charcoals and magnetic susceptibility of the CH-1core from the Chaohu Lake during the Holocene, the laws of charcoal content and the features of fire environmental changes were studied. In the early Holocene(9 870-6 040 cal. a BP), the climate was still dry although it was becoming warmer and wetter. The dry climate apparently creating the favorable conditions for natural fires to occur, which suggested the charcoal concentration was high. The middle Holocene(6 040-2 170 cal.a BP) was the warmest and wettest period during the Holocene, and very little charcoal was found in the core with the exception of cultural phases because the high precipitation during this period apparently suppressed natural fires. But human activities increased the fire frequency during the cultural phase. Archaeological investigations indicate that a large number of settlement sites distribute around the Chaohu Lake. Moreover, the remains of the Lingjiatan Culture(5 500-5 300 cal. a BP) are also identified with the presence of many types of exquisite jade objects. So value peaks in the charcoal concentration were showed. During the late Holocene(2 170 cal. a BP~), the climate became drier and cooler and conditions were once again favorable for fires to occur naturally. The water level of the Chaohu Lake reached the lowest as the lakebed possibly exposed. The concentration of charcoal in the core greatly increased during this period that showed the greatest levels of fire activity. Therefore, the great amount of charcoal concentration was related to both the drier climate and the increased human activities. These correlate well with the results from the archaeological evidence of ancient Juchao City. During the recent two hundred years, the amount of charcoal concentration sharply decreased and fire occurrence disappeared gradually because there was not enough biomass in the Chaohu Lake Region.
引文
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