森林火成碳研究进展
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摘要
火成碳是生物质或化石燃料不完全燃烧所形成的含碳物质的连续统一体,火成碳具有很高的稳定性,是全球一个重要的潜在碳汇,在全球碳循环和气候变化研究中具有重要的意义。森林生态系统作为陆地生态系统的主体,每年都经受不同大小和烈度的林火干扰,在森林生态系统中积累了大量火成碳;同时,在全球气候变暖条件下,林火面积和林火频次将增加,火成碳的积累将进一步增加,火成碳库已成为森林生态系统中的一个重要碳汇。然而,目前在森林生态系统碳循环及相关的生态系统模型中,均未考虑火成碳库的碳汇功能。本文从火成碳的鉴定与定量测定、森林中的火成碳、森林火成碳的生态作用、森林火成碳储量估算几个方面评述了森林火成碳的最新研究进展,最后,我们展望了森林火成碳未来发展方向,为我国森林碳预算和碳循环的相关研究提供参考。
Pyrogenic carbon(PyC) is a continuum that is produced by incomplete combustion of biomass or fossil fuels.On account of the high stability of PyC,it is a vital potential carbon(C)sink,which plays an important role in global C cycling and climate change.As the main part of terrestrial ecosystems,forest ecosystems have been disturbed by forest fires of different sizes and intensities every year.Therefore,a lot of PyC is accumulated in forest ecosystems.Moreover,with global warming,the forest fire occurrence and burned area will increase,and so will the accumulation of PyC.The PyC has become an important part of C pool in forest ecosystems.However,PyC pool in forests has not been considered in the forest ecosystem C cycle and its related ecological models.This paper reviews PyC identification and quantification,PyC in forests,ecological roles of PyC and estimation of PyC stock.Finally,we discuss future directions of forest PyC study to provide reference for the related studies of forest C budget and C cycle in China.
Pyrogenic carbon(PyC) is a continuum that is produced by incomplete combustion of biomass or fossil fuels.On account of the high stability of PyC,it is a vital potential carbon(C)sink,which plays an important role in global C cycling and climate change.As the main part of terrestrial ecosystems,forest ecosystems have been disturbed by forest fires of different sizes and intensities every year.Therefore,a lot of PyC is accumulated in forest ecosystems.Moreover,with global warming,the forest fire occurrence and burned area will increase,and so will the accumulation of PyC.The PyC has become an important part of C pool in forest ecosystems.However,PyC pool in forests has not been considered in the forest ecosystem C cycle and its related ecological models.This paper reviews PyC identification and quantification,PyC in forests,ecological roles of PyC and estimation of PyC stock.Finally,we discuss future directions of forest PyC study to provide reference for the related studies of forest C budget and C cycle in China.
引文
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Campbell J,Donato DC,Azuma D,et al.2007.Pyrogenic carbon emission from a large wildfire in Oregon,United States.Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,112:497-507.
Carcaillet C,Talon B.2001.Soil carbon sequestration by Holocene fires inferred from soil charcoal in the dry French Alps.Arctic,Antarctic,and Alpine Research,33:282-288.
Caria G,Arrouays D,Dubromel E,et al.2011.Black carbon estimation in French calcareous soils using chemo-thermal oxidation method.Soil Use and Management,27:333-339.
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Dai X,Boutton T,Glaser B,et al.2005.Black carbon in a temperate mixed-grass savanna.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,37:1879-1881.
De Luca T,Mac Kenzie M,Gundale M,et al.2006.Wildfireproduced charcoal directly influences nitrogen cycling in ponderosa pine forests.Soil Science Society of America Journal,70:448-453.
De Luca TH,Aplet GH.2008.Charcoal and carbon storage in forest soils of the Rocky Mountain West.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,6:18-24.
Donato DC,Campbell JL,Fontaine JB,et al.2009.Quantifying char in postfire woody detritus inventories.Fire Ecology,5:104-115.
Forbes MS,Raison RJ,Skjemstad JO.2006.Formation,transformation and transport of black carbon(charcoal)in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.Science of the Total Environment,370:190-206.
Gao C,Knorr K-H,Yu Z,et al.2016.Black carbon deposition and storage in peat soils of the Changbai Mountain,China.Geoderma,273:98-105.
Gavin DG.2003.Forest soil disturbance intervals inferred from soil charcoal radiocar.Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestière,33:2514-2518.
Glaser B,Lehmann J,Zech W.2002.Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal:A review.Biology and Fertility of Soils,35:219-230.
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Hammes K,Schmidt MWI,Smernik RJ,et al.2007.Comparison of quantification methods to measure fire-derived(black/elemental)carbon in soils and sediments using reference materials from soil,water,sediment and the atmosphere.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,21:GB3016.
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Hart S,Luckai N.2013.Charcoal function and management in boreal ecosystems.Journal of Applied Ecology,50:1197-1206.
Hatten J,Goni M.2016.Cupric oxide(Cu O)oxidation detects pyrogenic carbon in burnt organic matter and soils.PLo SONE,11:e0151957.
Hawthorne D,Mitchell FJG.2016.Identifying past fire regimes throughout the Holocene in Ireland using new and established methods of charcoal analysis.Quaternary Science Reviews,137:45-53.
Hobley EU,Brereton AJL,Wilson B.2017.Forest burning affects quality and quantity of soil organic matter.Science of the Total Environment,575:41-49.
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