宋式带“昂”斗栱节点力学性能试验研究
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摘要
古建筑中宋式斗栱节点最为显著的特征之一就是带有"下昂"。为研究具有这种特征的斗栱节点的受力性能,制作1∶3.52的缩尺模型试件进行竖向荷载试验和水平低周反复荷载试验,依据宋《营造法式》和实际建筑的"有昂无梁栿"和"有昂有梁栿"两种类型的宋式斗栱节点模型,设计并制作了以柱头斗栱节点为对象的试验模型。研究结果表明:在竖向荷载作用下,栌斗始终作为薄弱构件首先破坏;下昂与梁栿虽打断了斗栱节点分层叠加,但其依旧能保持良好的整体性;水平荷载作用下单个斗栱节点的倒三角形构造易发生转动,但加入梁栿后,节点的转动受到约束而发生滑移,此时斗栱表现良好的耗能效果,由此说明斗栱节点良好的抗震性能并非来自单个斗栱节点,而是由其通过相互约束协同工作而产生;底部暗销有较强的锚固作用,斗栱节点水平承载力主要由底部暗销的锚固力和柱与斗栱节点接触面的摩擦力组成。
One of the most significant features of the Song-style Dougong joints in ancient buildings is the so-called 'Ang'.In order to study the mechanical properties of Dougong joints with this feature,vertical loading tests and horizontal low-cycle repeated loading tests were conducted on 1∶3.52 scale models.Two experimental models were made according to the official construction manual of Song Dynasty and real buildings to simulate two types of Songstyle Dougong joints at the top of column,namely,the 'Ang with no beam'joints and the 'Ang with beam'joints.The experimental result shows that the Ludou is always the first to be destroyed under different loads.Though the Ang and the beam disturbs the overlapping characteristic of the Dougong joints,they still maintain good integrity under the vertical loads.Under horizontal loads,the inverted triangles of individual Dougong joints are prone to rotation,but the additional beam greatly restricts the rotation of these joints,so that the whole Dougong joints can effectively slide and dissipate energy.This observation suggests that the good seismic performance of the Dougong joints does not come from a single Dougong joint,but is the result of mutual restraints and interaction of multiple joints.In an actual building,it is the Puzuo layer.The bottom hidden dowel has strong anchoring effect,and the horizontal bearing capacity of the Dougong joint consists of the anchoring force of the dowel and the frictional force at the interface between column and Dougong joints.
One of the most significant features of the Song-style Dougong joints in ancient buildings is the so-called 'Ang'.In order to study the mechanical properties of Dougong joints with this feature,vertical loading tests and horizontal low-cycle repeated loading tests were conducted on 1∶3.52 scale models.Two experimental models were made according to the official construction manual of Song Dynasty and real buildings to simulate two types of Songstyle Dougong joints at the top of column,namely,the 'Ang with no beam'joints and the 'Ang with beam'joints.The experimental result shows that the Ludou is always the first to be destroyed under different loads.Though the Ang and the beam disturbs the overlapping characteristic of the Dougong joints,they still maintain good integrity under the vertical loads.Under horizontal loads,the inverted triangles of individual Dougong joints are prone to rotation,but the additional beam greatly restricts the rotation of these joints,so that the whole Dougong joints can effectively slide and dissipate energy.This observation suggests that the good seismic performance of the Dougong joints does not come from a single Dougong joint,but is the result of mutual restraints and interaction of multiple joints.In an actual building,it is the Puzuo layer.The bottom hidden dowel has strong anchoring effect,and the horizontal bearing capacity of the Dougong joint consists of the anchoring force of the dowel and the frictional force at the interface between column and Dougong joints.
引文
[1]潘德华.斗栱:上册[M]. 2版.南京:东南大学出版社,2011.
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[8]邵云,邱洪兴,乐志,等.宋、清式斗栱低周反复荷载试验研究[J].建筑结构,2014(9):79-82.(SHAO Yun, QIU Hongxing, YUE Zhi, et al.Experimental study of low-cycle loading test on Songstyle and Qing-style Dougong[J]. Building Structure,2014(9):79-82.(in Chinese))
[9]向伟.叉柱造式斗栱节点抗震和力学性能及其退化规律研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2015:43-74.(XIANG Wei. Study on seismic and mechanical behavior and their degradation of“Dougong”joint built with fork column[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, 2015:43-74.(in Chinese))
[10]周乾,杨娜,闫维明,等.故宫太和殿一层斗栱水平抗震性能试验[J].土木工程学报,2016,49(10):18-31.(ZHOU Qian, YANG Na, YAN Weiming,et al. Experimental study on seismic performance of tou-kungs of 1steave of Taihe Palace in the Forbidden City[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal,2016,49(10):18-31.(in Chinese))
[11]李诫,王海燕.营造法式译解[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2014.
[12]陈明达.营造法式大木作研究[M].北京:文物出版社,1981:52-104.
[13]陈志勇.应县木塔典型节点及结构受力性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011:38-74.(CHEN Zhiyong. Behaviour of typical joints and the structure of Yingxian wood pagoda[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2011:38-74.(in Chinese))
[14] KEITA Ogawa, YASUTOSHI Sasaki, MARIKO Yamasaki. Theoretical modeling and experimental study of Japanese“Watari-ago”joints[J]. Journal of Wood Science,2015,61(5):481-491.
[2]王天.古代大木作静力初探[M].北京:文物出版社,1992:96-121.
[3] KAORI Fujita, MASAHIKO Kimura, YOSHIMITSU Ohashi,et al. Hysteresis model and stiffness evaluation of bracket complexes used in traditional timber structures based on static lateral loading tests[J].Journal of Structural&Construction Engineering,2001,3(5):77-78.(in Japanese)
[4]张鹏程,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.中国古代大木作结构振动台试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2002,18(4):35-41.(ZHANG Pengcheng,ZHAO Hongtie,XUE Jianyang,et al. Shaking table test on building models of Chinese ancient timber structure[J]. World Earthquake Engineering,2002,18(4):35-41.(in Chinese))
[5]张鹏程,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.斗结构功能试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2003(1):102-106.(ZHANG Pengcheng,ZHAO Hongtie, XUE Jianyang, et al.Experiment research on structural performance of Dougong[J]. World Earthquake Engineering,2003(1):102-106.(in Chinese))
[6]隋?,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.古建木构铺作层侧向刚度的试验研究[J].工程力学,2010,27(3):74-78.(SUI Yan,ZHAO Hongtie,XUE Jianyang,et al.Experimental study on lateral stiffness of Dougong layer in Chinese historic building[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2010,27(3):74-78.(in Chinese))
[7]袁建力,陈韦,王珏,等.应县木塔斗栱模型试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2011,32(7):66-72.(YUAN Jianli,CHEN Wei,WANG Jue,et al. Experimental research on bracket set models of Yingxian timber pagoda[J]. Journal of Building Structures,2011,32(7):66-72.(in Chinese))
[8]邵云,邱洪兴,乐志,等.宋、清式斗栱低周反复荷载试验研究[J].建筑结构,2014(9):79-82.(SHAO Yun, QIU Hongxing, YUE Zhi, et al.Experimental study of low-cycle loading test on Songstyle and Qing-style Dougong[J]. Building Structure,2014(9):79-82.(in Chinese))
[9]向伟.叉柱造式斗栱节点抗震和力学性能及其退化规律研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2015:43-74.(XIANG Wei. Study on seismic and mechanical behavior and their degradation of“Dougong”joint built with fork column[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, 2015:43-74.(in Chinese))
[10]周乾,杨娜,闫维明,等.故宫太和殿一层斗栱水平抗震性能试验[J].土木工程学报,2016,49(10):18-31.(ZHOU Qian, YANG Na, YAN Weiming,et al. Experimental study on seismic performance of tou-kungs of 1steave of Taihe Palace in the Forbidden City[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal,2016,49(10):18-31.(in Chinese))
[11]李诫,王海燕.营造法式译解[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2014.
[12]陈明达.营造法式大木作研究[M].北京:文物出版社,1981:52-104.
[13]陈志勇.应县木塔典型节点及结构受力性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011:38-74.(CHEN Zhiyong. Behaviour of typical joints and the structure of Yingxian wood pagoda[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2011:38-74.(in Chinese))
[14] KEITA Ogawa, YASUTOSHI Sasaki, MARIKO Yamasaki. Theoretical modeling and experimental study of Japanese“Watari-ago”joints[J]. Journal of Wood Science,2015,61(5):481-491.