基于人机工程学的控制室设计研究
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摘要
研究控制室人机环境的设计方法,用以提高设备设施的好用度,提升操作人员工作效率和舒适性。应用人机工程学的基本理论,通过"以人为中心"的需求分析,将控制室的"机"的设计要素分解为造型基本特征、布局、尺寸与控制设计,"环境"的设计要素分解为物理环境、物质环境、情感环境,分别针对这些要素提炼了使之符合人的需求的设计原则与方法。所提出的设计原则与方法,将为控制室的人机工程设计提供有效参考与建议。
It aims to study the design method for the human-machine-environment of the control room, which can be used to improve the usage of the machine and the work efficiency and comfort of the operators. Based on ergonomics analysis of the requirement focused on human, the design elements of "machine" are divided into styling basic features,layout, size and control design. The design elements of "environment" are divided into physical environment, material environment, and emotional environment. It summarizes design rules and methods for these elements and makes them meet the requirement of human. The design rules and methods will offer effective reference and suggestion for the ergonomic design of the control room.
It aims to study the design method for the human-machine-environment of the control room, which can be used to improve the usage of the machine and the work efficiency and comfort of the operators. Based on ergonomics analysis of the requirement focused on human, the design elements of "machine" are divided into styling basic features,layout, size and control design. The design elements of "environment" are divided into physical environment, material environment, and emotional environment. It summarizes design rules and methods for these elements and makes them meet the requirement of human. The design rules and methods will offer effective reference and suggestion for the ergonomic design of the control room.
引文
[1]胡海权.工业设计应用人机工程学[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2013.Hu H Q. Industrial Design Ergonomics[M]. Shenyang:Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House, 2013.
[2]林黎,金晖,庄榕榕.人机工效学在化工联合中央控制室设计中的应用[J].工业控制计算机,2015,28(4):9-11.Lin L, Jin H, Zhuang R R. Application of Ergonomics on Design for Chemical Central Control Room[J]. Industrial Control Computer,2015,28(4):9-11.
[3]田学稳,陈圆.某型无人直升机地面控制站总体设计[J].控制工程,2018,25(1):100-105.Tian X W, Chen Y. General Design of a Type of Unmanned Helicopter GCS[J]. Control Engineering of China, 2018, 25(1):100-105.
[4]谷鹏飞,倪莹,陈卫华,等.基于人机界面发展的核电站控制室设计[J].原子能科学技术,2015,49(S1):391-395.Gu P F, Ni Y, Chen W H, et al. Industrial Design Ergonomics[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology, 2015,49(S1):391-395.
[5]任金东,陈景辉,陆善彬,等.汽车人机工程设计中人体数据应用方法的研究[J].汽车工程,2013, 35(6):505-509.Ren J D, Chen J H, Lu S B, et al. A Research on the Use of Anthropometric Data in Vehicle Ergonomic Design[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2013, 35(6):505-509.
[6]刘森海,李松涛,曹树魏,等.重型商用车驾驶室人机工程优化分析[J].图学学报,2017,38(4):509-515.Liu S H, Li S T, Cao S W, et al. Ergonomic Optimization of Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicle Cab[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2017,38(4):509-515.
[7]徐立友,吴依伟,周志立.基于人体测量学的拖拉机驾驶员工作空间设计[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(11):124-129.Xu L Y, Wu Y W, Zhou Z L. Design of Workplace for Tractor Based on Anthropometry[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(11):124-129.
[8] GB/T 10000-1988,中国成年人人体尺寸[S].GB/T 10000-1988,Human Dimensions of Chinese Adults[S].
[9] GB/T 13547-1992,工作空间人体尺寸[S].GB/T 13547-1992,Human Dimensions in Workspaces[S].
[10]杨枫,何智成,成艾国,等.基于生物力学的踏板人机工程设计研究[J].汽车工程,2016, 38(4):459-465.Yang F, He Z C, Cheng A G, et al. A Research on Pedal Ergonomic Design Based on Biomechanics[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2016,38(4):459-465.
[11]常怀生.环境心理学与室内设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.Chang H S. Environmental Psychology and Interior Design[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2000.
[12]程瑞香.室内与家具设计人体工程学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2013.Cheng R X. Ergonomics Design of Interior and Furniture[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2013.
[13]张力,廖可兵.安全人机工程学[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2007.Zhang L, Liao K B. Safety Ergonomics[M]. Beijing:China Labor Social Security Press, 2007.
[14] GB/T 18883-2002,室内空气质量标准[S].GB/T18883-2002, Indoor Air Quality Standard[S].
[15]周春晖,陈圆,王冠博.产品的诗意构建[J].包装工程,2013,34(4):79-83.Zhou C H, Chen Y, Wang G B. Construction of Poetry in Products[J].Packaging Engineering, 2013,34(4):79-83.
[16]田少煦,单皓,傅向华.基于数字色彩系统的城市色彩设计[J].深圳大学学报(理工版),2015(1):102-109.Tian S X, Shan H, Fu X H. Design of Color Schemes in Urban Environment Based on Digital Color System[J]. Journal of Shenzhen University(Science&Engineering),2015(1):102-109.
[17] ISO 3864-4-2011,图形符号-安全色和安全标志[S].ISO 3864-4-2011,Graphical Symbols-Safety Colours and Safety Signs[S].
[18]吴素婷,汪斌斌,陈祖建,等.福建传统民居色彩区域性研究[J].建筑学报,2017(4):105-109.Wu S T, Wang B B, Chen Z J, et al. A Study on the Regional Identity of the Color on Traditional Houses in Fujian.[J]. Architectural Journal, 2017(4):105-109.
[19]唐纳德·A·诺曼.设计心理学[M].北京:中信出版社.2010.Donald A. Norman. The Design of Everyday Things[M]. Beijing:China CITIC Press,2010.
[2]林黎,金晖,庄榕榕.人机工效学在化工联合中央控制室设计中的应用[J].工业控制计算机,2015,28(4):9-11.Lin L, Jin H, Zhuang R R. Application of Ergonomics on Design for Chemical Central Control Room[J]. Industrial Control Computer,2015,28(4):9-11.
[3]田学稳,陈圆.某型无人直升机地面控制站总体设计[J].控制工程,2018,25(1):100-105.Tian X W, Chen Y. General Design of a Type of Unmanned Helicopter GCS[J]. Control Engineering of China, 2018, 25(1):100-105.
[4]谷鹏飞,倪莹,陈卫华,等.基于人机界面发展的核电站控制室设计[J].原子能科学技术,2015,49(S1):391-395.Gu P F, Ni Y, Chen W H, et al. Industrial Design Ergonomics[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology, 2015,49(S1):391-395.
[5]任金东,陈景辉,陆善彬,等.汽车人机工程设计中人体数据应用方法的研究[J].汽车工程,2013, 35(6):505-509.Ren J D, Chen J H, Lu S B, et al. A Research on the Use of Anthropometric Data in Vehicle Ergonomic Design[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2013, 35(6):505-509.
[6]刘森海,李松涛,曹树魏,等.重型商用车驾驶室人机工程优化分析[J].图学学报,2017,38(4):509-515.Liu S H, Li S T, Cao S W, et al. Ergonomic Optimization of Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicle Cab[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2017,38(4):509-515.
[7]徐立友,吴依伟,周志立.基于人体测量学的拖拉机驾驶员工作空间设计[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(11):124-129.Xu L Y, Wu Y W, Zhou Z L. Design of Workplace for Tractor Based on Anthropometry[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(11):124-129.
[8] GB/T 10000-1988,中国成年人人体尺寸[S].GB/T 10000-1988,Human Dimensions of Chinese Adults[S].
[9] GB/T 13547-1992,工作空间人体尺寸[S].GB/T 13547-1992,Human Dimensions in Workspaces[S].
[10]杨枫,何智成,成艾国,等.基于生物力学的踏板人机工程设计研究[J].汽车工程,2016, 38(4):459-465.Yang F, He Z C, Cheng A G, et al. A Research on Pedal Ergonomic Design Based on Biomechanics[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2016,38(4):459-465.
[11]常怀生.环境心理学与室内设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.Chang H S. Environmental Psychology and Interior Design[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2000.
[12]程瑞香.室内与家具设计人体工程学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2013.Cheng R X. Ergonomics Design of Interior and Furniture[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2013.
[13]张力,廖可兵.安全人机工程学[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2007.Zhang L, Liao K B. Safety Ergonomics[M]. Beijing:China Labor Social Security Press, 2007.
[14] GB/T 18883-2002,室内空气质量标准[S].GB/T18883-2002, Indoor Air Quality Standard[S].
[15]周春晖,陈圆,王冠博.产品的诗意构建[J].包装工程,2013,34(4):79-83.Zhou C H, Chen Y, Wang G B. Construction of Poetry in Products[J].Packaging Engineering, 2013,34(4):79-83.
[16]田少煦,单皓,傅向华.基于数字色彩系统的城市色彩设计[J].深圳大学学报(理工版),2015(1):102-109.Tian S X, Shan H, Fu X H. Design of Color Schemes in Urban Environment Based on Digital Color System[J]. Journal of Shenzhen University(Science&Engineering),2015(1):102-109.
[17] ISO 3864-4-2011,图形符号-安全色和安全标志[S].ISO 3864-4-2011,Graphical Symbols-Safety Colours and Safety Signs[S].
[18]吴素婷,汪斌斌,陈祖建,等.福建传统民居色彩区域性研究[J].建筑学报,2017(4):105-109.Wu S T, Wang B B, Chen Z J, et al. A Study on the Regional Identity of the Color on Traditional Houses in Fujian.[J]. Architectural Journal, 2017(4):105-109.
[19]唐纳德·A·诺曼.设计心理学[M].北京:中信出版社.2010.Donald A. Norman. The Design of Everyday Things[M]. Beijing:China CITIC Press,2010.