探明未动用石油储量有效开发的对策探讨
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摘要
按东部主力油田探明未动用石油储量占探明总储量的比例为21.6%估算,截至2017年底,全国石油累计探明未动用储量约84.16亿t,这类储量具有"品位差、丰度低、开采成本高、开发难度大"的特点,依据储量落实程度和投入开发后的预期内部收益率,将其分为"近期可开发储量、低效益一类储量、低效益二类储量、暂无效益储量"四大类。为达到"以增量投入带动存量盘活"的目的,基于油田开发的现有技术和经济条件,提出了13条对策,其中在技术管理上,顶层设计突出低成本开发、新井实施突出全过程管控、措施增产推行全风险投入模式、新井部署采取开放式研究模式;在生产管理上,建立经营化的油藏管理机制、建立现金化的投入回报机制、建立效益化的项目运营机制、推广矿权和区块内部流转机制;在经济政策上,减免资源税、减免石油特别收益金、制定综合利用技术税费激励、设立专项基金、引入社会资本。对提高已探明石油储量动用率,促进油气资源高效利用,具有一定的借鉴意义。
According to the proportion of proven unused oil reserves to proven total reserves in the main eastern oilfields is 21.6%.By the end of 2017,the accumulated proven unused oil reserves in the whole country are about 8.416 billion tons.These reserves have the characteristics of"poor grade,low abundance,high production cost and great difficulty in development".They are divided into "near"according to the degree of reserves implementation and the expected internal rate of return after investment and development.There are four types of reserves:exploitable reserves,low-benefit reserves,low-benefit reserves and temporary ineffective reserves.In order to achieve the goal of "stimulating stock inventory by incremental input",13 countermeasures are put forward based on the existing technical and economic conditions of oilfield development.In terms of technology management,top-level design emphasizes low-cost development,new wells implement outstanding whole-process management and control,measures increase production and implement full-risk input mode,and new wells deployment adopts open research mode.Operational reservoir management mechanism,cash-based input-return mechanism,benefit-based project operation mechanism,promotion of mining rights and intra-block circulation mechanism;in economic policy,reduction and exemption of resources tax,reduction and exemption of oil special income fund,formulation of incentives for comprehensive utilization of technology tax and fee,establishment of special funds,introduction of social capital.It has certain reference significance for improving the productivity of proven oil reserves and promoting the efficient utilization of oil and gas resources.
According to the proportion of proven unused oil reserves to proven total reserves in the main eastern oilfields is 21.6%.By the end of 2017,the accumulated proven unused oil reserves in the whole country are about 8.416 billion tons.These reserves have the characteristics of"poor grade,low abundance,high production cost and great difficulty in development".They are divided into "near"according to the degree of reserves implementation and the expected internal rate of return after investment and development.There are four types of reserves:exploitable reserves,low-benefit reserves,low-benefit reserves and temporary ineffective reserves.In order to achieve the goal of "stimulating stock inventory by incremental input",13 countermeasures are put forward based on the existing technical and economic conditions of oilfield development.In terms of technology management,top-level design emphasizes low-cost development,new wells implement outstanding whole-process management and control,measures increase production and implement full-risk input mode,and new wells deployment adopts open research mode.Operational reservoir management mechanism,cash-based input-return mechanism,benefit-based project operation mechanism,promotion of mining rights and intra-block circulation mechanism;in economic policy,reduction and exemption of resources tax,reduction and exemption of oil special income fund,formulation of incentives for comprehensive utilization of technology tax and fee,establishment of special funds,introduction of social capital.It has certain reference significance for improving the productivity of proven oil reserves and promoting the efficient utilization of oil and gas resources.
引文
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[3]刘斌.油藏经营管理模式探讨[J].国际石油经济,2018,26(7):60-65.LIU Bin.Discussion on reservoir management model[J].International Petroleum Economics,2018,26(7):60-65.
[4]刘斌.项目全生命周期经济评价方法的改进[J].国际石油经济,2016,24(12):50-56.LIU Bin.Improvement of economic assessment method for project life cycle[J].International Petroleum Economics,2016,24(12):50-56.
[5]李勇,刘超,李娜.浅析我国油气资源税费优惠政策[J].中国国土资源经济,2015,28(5):17-20.LI Yong,LIU Chao,LI Na.Preferential tax and fee policies for oil and gas resources in China[J].Natural Resource Economics of China,2015,28(5):17-20.