家庭因素与学龄前儿童情绪与行为问题的关联研究
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摘要
目的了解扬州市学龄前儿童心理卫生状况,探讨家庭因素对其心理健康的影响。方法整群随机抽取7所幼儿园共2 531名儿童,进行问卷调查。收集一般人口统计学特征及家庭环境情况,运用SDQ量表(strengths and difficulties questionnaire,SDQ)(家长版)收集儿童心理健康状况。结果学龄前儿童心理异常检出率为6. 4%,同伴交往问题最为突出(17. 8%),其次为多动注意不能(13. 7%),亲社会行为(9. 4%)、品行问题(7. 0%)、情绪问题(5. 7%)。除情绪问题外,男童问题检出率高于女童。多因素Logistic回归发现,母亲文化程度低(OR=1. 85,95%CI:1. 04～3. 29)及组合家庭(OR=1. 81,95%CI:1. 19～2. 75)为其危险因素,而女童为保护性因素(OR=0. 71,95%CI:0. 51～0. 98)。结论扬州市学龄前儿童心理异常检出率虽不高,但男孩的多动问题、女孩的情绪问题较为突出,尤其要关注母亲文化程度低的及组合家庭。
Objective To investigate the status of mental health in preschool children of Yangzhou city,and to explore the effect of home environment. Methods A total of 2 531 children from 7 kindergartens were selected by random cluster sampling. Questionnaire( including SDQ tests) was used to analyse the status and characteristics of mental health. Results The rate of children with mental disorder was 6. 4%,the most prominent problem was peer relationship difficulty( 17. 8%),followed by hyperactivity/inattention( 13. 7%),prosocial behavior( 9. 4%),conduct problems( 7. 0%) and emotional problems( 5. 7%). Except for emotional symptoms,the detection rates of all other investigated problems among boys were higher than those among girls. Logistic regression analysis showed that the low level of mother's education( OR = 1. 85,95% CI: 1. 04-3. 29) and the joint family( OR = 1. 81,95% CI: 1. 19-2. 75) were risk factors,and gender of girl was protective factor( OR = 0. 71,95% CI: 0. 51-0. 98).Conclusions The rate of mental disorder is low,but hyperactivity in boys and emotional problems in girls are quite popular,especially in children who have mother with low level of education or live in the joint family.
Objective To investigate the status of mental health in preschool children of Yangzhou city,and to explore the effect of home environment. Methods A total of 2 531 children from 7 kindergartens were selected by random cluster sampling. Questionnaire( including SDQ tests) was used to analyse the status and characteristics of mental health. Results The rate of children with mental disorder was 6. 4%,the most prominent problem was peer relationship difficulty( 17. 8%),followed by hyperactivity/inattention( 13. 7%),prosocial behavior( 9. 4%),conduct problems( 7. 0%) and emotional problems( 5. 7%). Except for emotional symptoms,the detection rates of all other investigated problems among boys were higher than those among girls. Logistic regression analysis showed that the low level of mother's education( OR = 1. 85,95% CI: 1. 04-3. 29) and the joint family( OR = 1. 81,95% CI: 1. 19-2. 75) were risk factors,and gender of girl was protective factor( OR = 0. 71,95% CI: 0. 51-0. 98).Conclusions The rate of mental disorder is low,but hyperactivity in boys and emotional problems in girls are quite popular,especially in children who have mother with low level of education or live in the joint family.
引文
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[15]Bao P,Jing J,Jin Y,et al.Trajectories and the influencing factors of behavior problems in preschool children:a longitudinal study in Guangzhou,China[J].BMC Psychiatry,2016,16:178.DOI:10.1186/s12888-016-0864-z.
[16]Gao X,Shi W,Zhai Y,et al.Results of the parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in 22,108 primary school students from 8 provinces of China[J].Shanghai Arch Psychiatry,2013,25(6):364-374.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2013.06.005.
[17]Kirsten JH,Francis M,Megan S,et al.A three generation study of the mental health relationships between grandparents,parents and children[J].BMC Psychiatry,2013,13:299.DOI:10.1186/1471-244X-13-299.
[18]Schneider LA,King DL,Delfabbro PH.Family factors in adolescent problematic Internet gaming:A systematic review[J].J Behav Addict,2017,6(3):321-333.DOI:10.1556/2006.6.2017.035.
[19]Stratton KJ,Edwards AC,Overstreet C,et al.Caretaker mental health and family environment factors are associated with adolescent psychiatric problems in a Vietnamese sample[J].Psychiatry Res,2014,220(2):453-460.DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.033.
[20]Jia SM,Wang L,Shi YJ,et al.Relations between aggressive behavior and family factors among preschool children in Shanghai[J].Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi,2011,32(12):1216-1220.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2011.12.008.
[21]Jia S,Wang L,Shi Y,et al.Family risk factors associated with aggressive behavior in chinese preschool children[J].J Pediatr Nurs,2016,31(6):367-374.DOI:10.1016/j.pedn.2016.08.001.
[2]Kyu HH,Pinho C,Wagner J,et al.A global and national burden of diseases and injuries among children and adolescents between1990 and 2013:Findings from the global burden of disease 2013study[J].JAMA Pediatr,2016,170(3):267-287.DOI:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4276.
[3]Lisanne LS,Jan MA,Ad AV,et al.The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire:psychometric properties of the parent and teacher version in children aged 4-7[J].BMC Psychol,2015,3(1):4.DOI:10.1186/s40359-015-0061-8.
[4]Belfer ML.Child and adolescent mental disorders:the magnitude of the problem across the globe[J].J Child Psychol Psychiatry,2008,49(3):226-236.DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01855.x.
[5]杨玉凤.儿童发育行为心理评定量表[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,373-376.Yang YF.Psychological assessment scale of child's developmental behavior[M].Beijing:People’s health publishing house,373-376.
[6]高欣,梁靖,王淑芬,等.我国八省小学生心理状况及家长对其评价分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2013,17(7):592-595.Gao X,Liang J,Wang SF,et al.Analysis on pupils’current mental health situation and their guardians’attitude in eight provinces in China[J].Chin J Dis Control Prev,2013,17(7):592-595.
[7]王晓玲,李平非,彭元,等.长沙市4~18岁儿童少年的情绪与行为问题调查[J].中国儿童心理杂志,2012,26(10):775-779.Wang XL,Li PF,Peng Y,et al.Emotional and behavioral problems of children-adolescents aged 4-18 in Changsha[J].Chinese Mental Health Journal,2012,26(10):775-779.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2012.10.011.
[8]胡敏,静进,金宇,等.广州市黄埔区学龄前儿童行为问题及影响因素的横断面调查[J].中国循证儿科杂志,2012,7(1):11-18.Hu M,Jing J,Jin Y,et al.Cross-sectional study on behavior problems and influential factors among preschool children in Huangpu district of Guangzhou[J].Chin J Evid Based Pediatr,2012,7(1):11-18.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5501.2012.01.003.
[9]孟灵博,杨思渊,麦坚凝,等.学龄前儿童行为问题发展及影响因素的纵向研究[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2016,31(14):1091-1094.Meng LB,Yang SY,Mai YN,et al.Longitudinal study of the tendency and influential factors for behavior problem among preschool children[J].Chin J Appl Clin Pediatr,2016,31(14):1091-1094.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-428X.2016.14.012.
[10]陈云晓,Erigene Rutayisire,伍晓艳,等.学龄前儿童睡眠状况与情绪和行为问题的关联性研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2017,38(9):1191-1196.Chen YX,Erigene Rutayisire,Wu XY,et al.Emotional and behavioral problems associated with sleep problems in preschool aged children[J].Chin J Epidemiol,2017,38(9):1191-1196.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.09.010.
[11]Gustafsson BM,Proczkowska BM,Gustafsson PA,et al.Emotional and behavioural problems in Swedish preschool children rated by preschool teachers with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)[J].BMC Pediatr,2017,17(1):110.DOI:10.1186/s12887-017-0864-2.
[12]Bor W,Mc Gee TR,Fagan AA.Early risk factors for adolescent antisocial behaviour:an Australian longitudinal study[J].Aust N Z J Psychiatry,2004,38(5):365-372.DOI:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01365.x.
[13]Christensen D,Fahey MT,Giallo R,et al.Longitudinal trajectories of mental health in Australian children aged 4-5 to 14-15years[J].PLo S One,2017,12(11):e0187974.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0187974.
[14]Grazuleviciene R,Andrusaityte S,Petraviciene I,et al.Impact of psychosocial environment on young children’s emotional and behavioral difficulties[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2017,14(10):1278.DOI:10.3390/ijerph14101278.
[15]Bao P,Jing J,Jin Y,et al.Trajectories and the influencing factors of behavior problems in preschool children:a longitudinal study in Guangzhou,China[J].BMC Psychiatry,2016,16:178.DOI:10.1186/s12888-016-0864-z.
[16]Gao X,Shi W,Zhai Y,et al.Results of the parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in 22,108 primary school students from 8 provinces of China[J].Shanghai Arch Psychiatry,2013,25(6):364-374.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2013.06.005.
[17]Kirsten JH,Francis M,Megan S,et al.A three generation study of the mental health relationships between grandparents,parents and children[J].BMC Psychiatry,2013,13:299.DOI:10.1186/1471-244X-13-299.
[18]Schneider LA,King DL,Delfabbro PH.Family factors in adolescent problematic Internet gaming:A systematic review[J].J Behav Addict,2017,6(3):321-333.DOI:10.1556/2006.6.2017.035.
[19]Stratton KJ,Edwards AC,Overstreet C,et al.Caretaker mental health and family environment factors are associated with adolescent psychiatric problems in a Vietnamese sample[J].Psychiatry Res,2014,220(2):453-460.DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.033.
[20]Jia SM,Wang L,Shi YJ,et al.Relations between aggressive behavior and family factors among preschool children in Shanghai[J].Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi,2011,32(12):1216-1220.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2011.12.008.
[21]Jia S,Wang L,Shi Y,et al.Family risk factors associated with aggressive behavior in chinese preschool children[J].J Pediatr Nurs,2016,31(6):367-374.DOI:10.1016/j.pedn.2016.08.001.