不同西瓜品种幼苗期抗旱特性
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摘要
为了明确参试西瓜材料的抗旱性强弱及抗旱机制,采用盆栽控水试验模拟干旱胁迫,研究干旱胁迫对4个西瓜品种幼苗期的形态、生理特性的影响,利用隶属函数法比较参试材料的抗旱性强弱。结果表明,干旱胁迫下,除‘金城5号’外其他3个品种的MDA含量显著上升。水分亏缺时可溶性糖含量在4个品种中显著增加,其中‘金城5号’的绝对值显著高于其他3个品种;可溶性蛋白在‘甜籽1号‘’金城5号’和‘sweet crimson’中显著上升,在‘京欣二号’中变化不显著。分析渗透调节物的结果表明,在‘甜籽1号’和‘sweet crimson’中,可溶性蛋白是应对干旱胁迫的主要渗透物质‘;京欣二号’中可溶性糖较可溶性蛋白的渗透调节作用要强‘;金城5号’中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白均在渗透调节过程中起作用。水分胁迫下4个品种的光合速率显著下降,胞间CO_2浓度显著上升;除‘金城5号’外,其他3个品种的蒸腾速率、气孔导度和整株生物量显著下降,表明‘甜籽一号‘’京欣二号’和‘sweet crimson’的光合速率随水分亏缺下降的内在原因为非气孔限制‘;金城5号’胞间CO_2浓度的升高和光合速率的下降,是叶肉细胞的光合活性减弱的结果。利用隶属函数法综合比较发现‘,金城5号’的抗旱性强于其他3个品种。
In order to clarify the drought tolerance and mechanism of pot-grown four watermelon varieties faced with water deficiency, the influence of drought stress on their morphological and physiological indexes was studied. Drought resistance of these watermelon varieties was preliminarily confirmed by membership function evaluation method. The results showed that, except for‘Jincheng No. 5', the concentrations of MDA increased with increasing drought stress in other three varieties. Soluble protein content significantly increased in‘Tianzi No. 1'and‘Jincheng No. 5'following water deficiency, while drought stress had no significant effect on soluble protein content in‘Jingxin No. 2'. Soluble sugar content significantly increased with increasing water stress in four watermelon varieties. Except for‘Jincheng No. 5',transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and biomass of per plant decreased with increasing water deficiency in other three varieties, suggesting that non-stomatal limitation contribute to decreasing physiological rate and increasing intercellular CO_2 concentration. Increased photosynthetic activity of mesophyll cells was the reason for increasing intercellular CO_2 concentration and decreasing photosynthetic rate in‘Jincheng No. 5'under water stress. The result of membership function evaluation method showed that the drought resistance of‘Jincheng No. 5'was stronger than other three varieties.
In order to clarify the drought tolerance and mechanism of pot-grown four watermelon varieties faced with water deficiency, the influence of drought stress on their morphological and physiological indexes was studied. Drought resistance of these watermelon varieties was preliminarily confirmed by membership function evaluation method. The results showed that, except for‘Jincheng No. 5', the concentrations of MDA increased with increasing drought stress in other three varieties. Soluble protein content significantly increased in‘Tianzi No. 1'and‘Jincheng No. 5'following water deficiency, while drought stress had no significant effect on soluble protein content in‘Jingxin No. 2'. Soluble sugar content significantly increased with increasing water stress in four watermelon varieties. Except for‘Jincheng No. 5',transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and biomass of per plant decreased with increasing water deficiency in other three varieties, suggesting that non-stomatal limitation contribute to decreasing physiological rate and increasing intercellular CO_2 concentration. Increased photosynthetic activity of mesophyll cells was the reason for increasing intercellular CO_2 concentration and decreasing photosynthetic rate in‘Jincheng No. 5'under water stress. The result of membership function evaluation method showed that the drought resistance of‘Jincheng No. 5'was stronger than other three varieties.
引文
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[2]包文风,王吉明,尚建立,等.西瓜甜瓜质量性状的分子标记与定位研究进展[J].植物遗传资源学报,2009,10(3):480-485.
[3]ZHANG H,GONG G,GUO S,et al.Screening the USDA watermelon germplasm collection for drought tolerance at the seedling stage[J].HortScience,2011,46(9):1245-1248.
[4]杨安平,王鸣,安贺选.非洲西瓜材料苗期抗旱性研究[J].中国西瓜甜瓜,1996,9(1):6-9.
[5]莫言玲,郑俊鶱,杨瑞平,等.不同西瓜基因型对干旱胁迫的生理响应及其抗旱性评价[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(6):1942-1952.
[6]李翠,程明,唐宇丹,等.青藏高原2种柳属植物叶片解剖结构和光合特征的比较[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(2):275-282.
[7]VALLADARES F,WRIGHT SJ,LASSO E.Plastic phenotypic response to light of 16 congeneric shrubs from a Panamanian rainforest[J].Ecology,2000,81(7):1925-1936.
[8]李合生.植物生理生化试验技术与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:164-261.
[9]邵艳军,山仑.植物耐旱机制研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,76(4):16-20.
[10]ALDESUQUY S,ABBAS A,ABOHAMED A,et al.Does glycine betaine and salicylic acid ameliorate the negative effect of drought on wheat by regulating osmotic adjustment through solutes accumulation[J].Journal of Stress Physiology&Biochemistry,2013,9(3):6-22.
[11]NIO A,CAWTHRAY R,WADE J,et al.Pattern of solutes accumulated during leaf osmotic adjustment as related to duration of water deficit for wheat at the reproductive stage[J].Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2011,49(10):1126-1137.
[12]BARCIA A,PENA B,ZAWOZNIK S,et al.Osmotic adjustment and maintenance of the redox balance in root tissue may be key points to overcome a mild water deficit during the early growth of wheat[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2014,74(2):107-117.
[13]KONIGSHOFER H.&LOPPERT H G.Regulation of invertase activity in different root zones of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)seedlings in the course of osmotic adjustment under water deficit conditions[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2015,183:130-137.
[14]张凯.不同抗旱性春小麦品种资源利用效率及其权衡[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016.
[15]CJEN W,GONG L,GUO Z L,et al.A novel integrated method for large-scale detection,identification,and quantification of widely targeted metabolites:application in the study of rice metabolomics[J].Molecular Plant,2013,6(6):1769-1780.
[16]柯世省.干旱胁迫对夏蜡梅光合特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2007,32(6):1209-1215.
[17]李磊,贾志清,朱雅娟,等.我国干旱区植物抗旱机理研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(5):1053-1059.
[18]陈根云,陈娟,许大全.关于净光合速率和胞间CO2浓度关系的思考[J].植物生理学通讯,2010,46(1):64-66.