惯习、规训与抗争:马拉松热的镜像隐喻
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摘要
"马拉松跑"具有的社会文化表征功能日益凸显,对其研究理应超越现有的运动生物学视域。以马拉松运动参与者群体在线上平台中关于自我呈现话题和生活史互动的文本资料为分析对象,进行镜像隐喻质性分析。研究认为:在技术惯习下,身体规训主要以自我规训和交互中的外在管控与规训为主;马拉松运动参与者借助于线上晒记录和线下破纪录的方式来沿袭竞技主义文化惯习;在社会分层和权力层级的复制与再生产方面,相对于外群体,马拉松跑阶层有其特定的交流术语、装备,具有"区隔"和专享属性;借助于科层制管理、运动水平等级以及比赛群体职业身份的差异,马拉松内群体渐次分化为次级群体,权力呈现出一定的差序化格局。马拉松"热"的背后既有传统功利性体育价值观的形塑,也凸显了社会在大众体育需求供给方面的结构性受限。跑者借助于马拉松赛事的平台,表达了对体育竞赛缺失、体育数字主义的威权以及人类恶劣的生存环境的质疑、不满和抗争,抗争的背后传达和隐喻了大众对主体性、体育素养和环保意识的觉醒。
The social and cultural presentation functions of"Marathon Race"are increasingly prominent,and its studies should go beyond the current field of sports biology.In this paper,we have carried out mirror metaphor qualitative analysis of the Marathon fever based on the textual materials on self-presentation topics and life history interactions of marathon participants on the online platform.We believe that under the technical habits,physical discipline mainly focuses on self-discipline and external control and discipline in interactions;marathon participants follow the cultural habits of competitiveism by means of posting their records online and offline record breaking;in terms of reproduction and regeneration of social stratification and power class,compared out-groups,marathon runners have their own specific communication terms and equipments,with"separation"and exclusive attributes;Based on the differences in bureaucraticsystem,sports level and professional identity of competitors,marathon in-groups have gradually differentiated into secondary groups,and the power shows a certain differential pattern.Behind the marathon"fever",there is the shaping of traditional utilitarian sports values,and it also highlights the structural limitations of the society in demand and supply of mass sports.Through the platform of the marathon race,runners express the lack of sports competitions,authoritarianism of sports digitalism and the tough living environment of human beings by means of questioning,dissatisfaction and struggling.The struggle conveys and implies the masses' awakening of subjectivity,sports literacy and environmental awareness.
The social and cultural presentation functions of"Marathon Race"are increasingly prominent,and its studies should go beyond the current field of sports biology.In this paper,we have carried out mirror metaphor qualitative analysis of the Marathon fever based on the textual materials on self-presentation topics and life history interactions of marathon participants on the online platform.We believe that under the technical habits,physical discipline mainly focuses on self-discipline and external control and discipline in interactions;marathon participants follow the cultural habits of competitiveism by means of posting their records online and offline record breaking;in terms of reproduction and regeneration of social stratification and power class,compared out-groups,marathon runners have their own specific communication terms and equipments,with"separation"and exclusive attributes;Based on the differences in bureaucraticsystem,sports level and professional identity of competitors,marathon in-groups have gradually differentiated into secondary groups,and the power shows a certain differential pattern.Behind the marathon"fever",there is the shaping of traditional utilitarian sports values,and it also highlights the structural limitations of the society in demand and supply of mass sports.Through the platform of the marathon race,runners express the lack of sports competitions,authoritarianism of sports digitalism and the tough living environment of human beings by means of questioning,dissatisfaction and struggling.The struggle conveys and implies the masses' awakening of subjectivity,sports literacy and environmental awareness.
引文
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[5]陈春平,敬艳,张英波.马拉松赛事仪式感探究[J].体育文化导刊,2019(3):35-39.
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[12]杰弗瑞·戈比.你生命中的休闲[M].康筝田松,译.昆明:云南人民出版社,2000:195.
[2]李军岩,姚远.“马拉松跑现象”对城市文化建构机理探究[J].体育文化导刊,2018(7):22-26。
[3]沈克印,吕万刚.供给侧结构性改革与体育产业发展:城市“马拉松热”引发的思考[J].山东体育学院学报,2017(5):9-14.
[4]刑金明,刘波,欧阳井凤.马拉松“热”背后的冷思考[J].体育学刊,2017,24(2):52-56.
[5]陈春平,敬艳,张英波.马拉松赛事仪式感探究[J].体育文化导刊,2019(3):35-39.
[6]Glassner B.Fitness and the Postmodern Self[J].Journal of Health and Social Behavior,1989,30(2):180-191.
[7]JEROEN S,KOEN B.Running across Europe[M].London:Palgrave Macmillan,2015:243.
[8][美]阿伦·古特曼.从仪式到记录[M],花勇民,译.北京:北京体育大学出版社,2012:51-54.
[9]高鹏飞,周小青.社会距离与行业失范:学校体育课程价值的反思[J].体育与科学,2016(3):63-68.
[10][德]卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯.生存哲学[M].王玖兴,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2005:2.
[11]王智慧.迈向体育强国进程中两个重要问题的战略定位与思考[J].北京体育大学学报,2011(2):13-16.
[12]杰弗瑞·戈比.你生命中的休闲[M].康筝田松,译.昆明:云南人民出版社,2000:195.