一流本科教育的内涵、特征与建设
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摘要
在"双一流"建设过程中,一流本科教育命题一经提出就受到社会各界的高度重视。但一流本科教育的内涵却语焉不详。廓清一流本科教育内涵,认准其基本特征,找对建设路径,是一流本科教育探讨的必然选择。经过逻辑的和现实的分析发现,一流本科教育的核心内涵在于高水平的教学,基本特征表现在学生具有很强的学习主动性,教学过程具有研究性,学生思维方式具有批判性,教师以问题为导向开展教学。而一流本科教育建设根本路径在于教学共同体的构建,师生成为学习的共同体和成长的共同体,而突破点则是教师考核政策变革和评价机制的改革。
In the process of "Double First-Class" building, a new concept of first-class undergraduate education has been put forward, which has attracted increasing lygreat attention of the community. However, the connotation of first-class undergraduate is not very clear. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the connotation of first-class undergraduate education and recognize its characteristic, then find the right way to build it. After logical and realistic analyzation, we found that the core connotation of first-class undergraduate education focus on highly advanced-level teaching, basic characteristic was expressed as students learning actively, teaching process research-oriented, student thinking critically, teaching design problem-orientated. The final way of firstclass undergraduate building depends on construction of teaching community, where teacher and student are learning community and growing community, and the breakthrough point is the reform of teacher evaluation policy and mechanism.
In the process of "Double First-Class" building, a new concept of first-class undergraduate education has been put forward, which has attracted increasing lygreat attention of the community. However, the connotation of first-class undergraduate is not very clear. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the connotation of first-class undergraduate education and recognize its characteristic, then find the right way to build it. After logical and realistic analyzation, we found that the core connotation of first-class undergraduate education focus on highly advanced-level teaching, basic characteristic was expressed as students learning actively, teaching process research-oriented, student thinking critically, teaching design problem-orientated. The final way of firstclass undergraduate building depends on construction of teaching community, where teacher and student are learning community and growing community, and the breakthrough point is the reform of teacher evaluation policy and mechanism.
引文
[1]张大良.创建具有中国特色世界水平的一流本科教育[J].中国高教研究,2016(6).
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[3]钟秉林,方芳.一流本科教育是“双一流”建设的重要内涵[J].中国大学教学,2016(4).
[4]陆国栋.一流本科是一流大学应有之义[J].中国大学教学,2016(6).
[5]柳友荣.“一流本科教育”辩正[J].中国高教研究,2016(7).
[6]BARR R B,TAGG J.From teaching to learning:A new paradigm for undergraduate education[J].Change,1995,27(6):12-25.
[7]陈丽虹,周莉,吴清泉,等.PBL教学模式效果评价及思考[J].中国远程教育,2013(1).
[8]申天恩,斯蒂文·洛克.论成果导向的教育理念[J].高校教育管理,2016(5).
[9]李硕豪.论一流本科教育的基本特征[J].中国高教研究,2018(7).
[10]陈凡.以学生为中心的教学何以可能---基于51所大学课堂现状的实证研究[J].高等教育研究,2017(10).
[11]王洪才,刘隽颍,解德渤.大学创新教学:理念、特征与误区[J].中国大学教学,2016(2).
[12]王洪才.论大学传统教学与大学创新教学[J].苏州大学学报(教育科学版),2017(4).
[13]王洪才.论大学创新教学三要素[J].复旦教育论坛,2012(4).
[14]王洪才,李慧.运用生成性案例,实现创新性教学[J].中国高等教育,2013(19).
[15]王洪才.大学创新教学来源于实践反思[J].大学教育科学,2016(2).
[16]王洪才.大学创新教学:缘起·现状·趋向[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),2017(6).
(1)一般而言,人们的目标导向性越强,受到的外在强制性越强,要求结果的可显示度越高。在“对标效应”的作用下,就容易形成为追求效率最大化而以牺牲个体探索的自由为代价,其结果是不利于创造性人格的培养。在管理学上,泰勒的科学管理理论实际上就是目标导向型管理的典范,其结果是牺牲了人文性而把人变成了赚钱的机器。
[2]一流本科教育宣言(“成都宣言”)[J].中国大学教学,2018(6).
[3]钟秉林,方芳.一流本科教育是“双一流”建设的重要内涵[J].中国大学教学,2016(4).
[4]陆国栋.一流本科是一流大学应有之义[J].中国大学教学,2016(6).
[5]柳友荣.“一流本科教育”辩正[J].中国高教研究,2016(7).
[6]BARR R B,TAGG J.From teaching to learning:A new paradigm for undergraduate education[J].Change,1995,27(6):12-25.
[7]陈丽虹,周莉,吴清泉,等.PBL教学模式效果评价及思考[J].中国远程教育,2013(1).
[8]申天恩,斯蒂文·洛克.论成果导向的教育理念[J].高校教育管理,2016(5).
[9]李硕豪.论一流本科教育的基本特征[J].中国高教研究,2018(7).
[10]陈凡.以学生为中心的教学何以可能---基于51所大学课堂现状的实证研究[J].高等教育研究,2017(10).
[11]王洪才,刘隽颍,解德渤.大学创新教学:理念、特征与误区[J].中国大学教学,2016(2).
[12]王洪才.论大学传统教学与大学创新教学[J].苏州大学学报(教育科学版),2017(4).
[13]王洪才.论大学创新教学三要素[J].复旦教育论坛,2012(4).
[14]王洪才,李慧.运用生成性案例,实现创新性教学[J].中国高等教育,2013(19).
[15]王洪才.大学创新教学来源于实践反思[J].大学教育科学,2016(2).
[16]王洪才.大学创新教学:缘起·现状·趋向[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),2017(6).
(1)一般而言,人们的目标导向性越强,受到的外在强制性越强,要求结果的可显示度越高。在“对标效应”的作用下,就容易形成为追求效率最大化而以牺牲个体探索的自由为代价,其结果是不利于创造性人格的培养。在管理学上,泰勒的科学管理理论实际上就是目标导向型管理的典范,其结果是牺牲了人文性而把人变成了赚钱的机器。