一流大学的一流本科教育:特征与评价
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摘要
中国一流大学必须要有一流本科。基于对中国一流大学资料的分析,归纳出一流大学中一流本科教育的核心要素是:一流的生源,一流的培养过程,一流的毕业生。从培养过程看,首先,目标是培养适应及引领未来的领袖人才,这些人才应是领导性、未来性、精英性的,应该集品德、通识能力与素养、专业知识与能力于一身。其次,要有一套优质的课程体系,这些课程比其他类型的本科更具研究性、个性化、通识性、跨学科性和国际化,要满足未来引领性人才需要和学生个性发展的需要。第三,教学方式应该是研究性的,除了传授前沿知识,更注重思维方式的训练和求知欲及创新意识的激发。第四,要有优秀的师资,这些教师不仅有过硬的科研功底,还要研究教学。最后,要达到以上目标,需要制度上的保障与支持。基于此,应从投入、过程和产出三个维度提取核心要素,并根据要素之间的内在结构与逻辑关系构建评价标准,引导和激励一流大学争创一流的本科教育。
The first-class universities in China must have first-class undergraduate Education.Based on the data analysis of first-class universities in China,it is concluded that the core elements of first-class undergraduate education in the firstclass universities are first-class students,first-class cultivation process and first-class graduates.In terms of cultivation process,first,the goal is to cultivate leaders who adapt to and lead the future.These talents should be leading,future-oriented and elite persons as well as the ones who integrate moral character,general ability with professionalism.Second,there should be a set of high-quality curriculum system in which courses are more research-intensive,personalized,general,interdisciplinary and international,meeting the needs of future leading talents and the development of students' personality.Third,the teaching method is research-based,paying more attention to the training of thinking mode and the stimulation of learning desire and innovation consciousness in addition to imparting cutting-edge knowledge.Fourth,excellent teachers are needed.These teachers not only have strong scientific research skills,but also work on teaching.Last,to achieve the above objectives,we need institutional guarantee and support.Therefore,the core elements should be extracted from the three dimensions of input,process and output,and the evaluation criteria should be constructed based on the internal structure and logical relationship among the elements,encouraging first-class universities to strive for first-class undergraduate education.
The first-class universities in China must have first-class undergraduate Education.Based on the data analysis of first-class universities in China,it is concluded that the core elements of first-class undergraduate education in the firstclass universities are first-class students,first-class cultivation process and first-class graduates.In terms of cultivation process,first,the goal is to cultivate leaders who adapt to and lead the future.These talents should be leading,future-oriented and elite persons as well as the ones who integrate moral character,general ability with professionalism.Second,there should be a set of high-quality curriculum system in which courses are more research-intensive,personalized,general,interdisciplinary and international,meeting the needs of future leading talents and the development of students' personality.Third,the teaching method is research-based,paying more attention to the training of thinking mode and the stimulation of learning desire and innovation consciousness in addition to imparting cutting-edge knowledge.Fourth,excellent teachers are needed.These teachers not only have strong scientific research skills,but also work on teaching.Last,to achieve the above objectives,we need institutional guarantee and support.Therefore,the core elements should be extracted from the three dimensions of input,process and output,and the evaluation criteria should be constructed based on the internal structure and logical relationship among the elements,encouraging first-class universities to strive for first-class undergraduate education.
引文
[1]黄福涛.什么是世界一流大学的本科教育[J].高等教育研究,2017(8):1-9.
[2]黄达人,等.大学的声音[M].北京:商务印书馆,2016:370.
[3]黄达人,等.大学的根本[M].北京:商务印书馆,2017.
[4]李雪飞.本科生教育应该走向何处———《斯坦福大学本科生教育研究》报告述评[J].比较教育研究,2014(5):65-70.
[5]黄维.本科立人 本科立校———构建“中国特色世界一流”本科教育体系初探[J].中国高教研究,2016(8):1-6.
[6][7]柳友荣.“一流本科教育”辨正[J].中国高教研究,2016(7):21-24.
[8]张大良.创建具有中国特色世界水平的一流本科教育[J].中国高教研究,2016(6):1-4.
南京大学教育研究院的硕士生曹岩、刘梦颖、张进凤、施悦琪、钱莉、赵家俊、钱蕾、韩俭俭参与了前期资料的编码与分析以及对10 位大学教务部门领导的访谈。
[2]黄达人,等.大学的声音[M].北京:商务印书馆,2016:370.
[3]黄达人,等.大学的根本[M].北京:商务印书馆,2017.
[4]李雪飞.本科生教育应该走向何处———《斯坦福大学本科生教育研究》报告述评[J].比较教育研究,2014(5):65-70.
[5]黄维.本科立人 本科立校———构建“中国特色世界一流”本科教育体系初探[J].中国高教研究,2016(8):1-6.
[6][7]柳友荣.“一流本科教育”辨正[J].中国高教研究,2016(7):21-24.
[8]张大良.创建具有中国特色世界水平的一流本科教育[J].中国高教研究,2016(6):1-4.
南京大学教育研究院的硕士生曹岩、刘梦颖、张进凤、施悦琪、钱莉、赵家俊、钱蕾、韩俭俭参与了前期资料的编码与分析以及对10 位大学教务部门领导的访谈。