奉节县适龄儿童麻疹风疹联合减毒活疫苗基础免疫成功率监测分析
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摘要
目的了解奉节县2016年适龄儿童麻疹风疹联合减毒活疫苗(简称麻风疫苗)基础免疫效果,评估疫苗免疫原性,为控制和消除麻疹、风疹提供科学依据。方法开展麻风疫苗基础免疫前后IgG抗体水平测定,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行麻疹和风疹抗体水平检测,统计分析采用t检验和χ~2检验。结果接种麻风疫苗后麻疹IgG抗体平均滴度高于接种前,差异有统计学意义(t=12.58,P<0.05);接种麻风疫苗后风疹IgG抗体平均滴度高于接种前,差异有统计学意义(t=7.64,P<0.05)。接种麻风疫苗后麻疹IgG抗体阳性率高于接种前,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=93.86,P<0.05);接种麻风疫苗后风疹IgG抗体阳性率高于接种前,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=69.47,P<0.05)。儿童家长对疫苗相关知识平均知晓率为66.66%,75.00%的监护人认为疫苗安全,儿童平均免疫率为63.33%。结论麻风疫苗免疫原性良好,建议加强疫苗免疫成功率监测和基层疾控机构疫苗免疫后抗体检测能力。监护人对疫苗知识掌握程度不够,适龄儿童全程及时接种率较低,应加强预防接种知识健康教育,创新健康教育模式和内容。
Objectives To understand the basic immune effect of measles and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine(abbreviated as measles vaccine) for school-age children in Fengjie county in 2016,evaluate the immunogenicity of the vaccine,so as to provide scientific basis for controlling and eliminating measles and rubella.Methods The level of IgG antibody was tested before and after basic immunization of leprosy vaccine.Furthermore the level of measles/rubella antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).T test and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data.Results The mean titer of measles after inoculation was higher than that before inoculation,and the difference was statistically significant(t=12.58,P<0.05).The mean titer of rubella after inoculation was higher than that before inoculation,and the difference was statistically significant(t=7.64,P<0.05). The positive rate of IgG antibody for measles after inoculation was higher than that before inoculation,and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=93.86,P<0.05).The positive rate of IgG antibody for rubella after inoculation was higher than that before inoculation,and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=69.47,P<0.05).The survey results showed that the average awareness rate of vaccine-related knowledge among parents of children was 66.66%,and 75.00% of guardians believed that vaccines were safe.The average immunization rate of children was 63.33%.Conclusion The immunogenicity of leprosy combined vaccine is good.Therefore it is suggested to strengthen the monitoring of vaccine success rate and the ability of antibody detection after vaccination in basic control institutions.Guardians have insufficient knowledge of vaccine knowledge,and the age-appropriate vaccination rate of school-age children is low.The vaccination knowledge health education should be strengthened,and the model and content should be innovated.
Objectives To understand the basic immune effect of measles and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine(abbreviated as measles vaccine) for school-age children in Fengjie county in 2016,evaluate the immunogenicity of the vaccine,so as to provide scientific basis for controlling and eliminating measles and rubella.Methods The level of IgG antibody was tested before and after basic immunization of leprosy vaccine.Furthermore the level of measles/rubella antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).T test and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data.Results The mean titer of measles after inoculation was higher than that before inoculation,and the difference was statistically significant(t=12.58,P<0.05).The mean titer of rubella after inoculation was higher than that before inoculation,and the difference was statistically significant(t=7.64,P<0.05). The positive rate of IgG antibody for measles after inoculation was higher than that before inoculation,and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=93.86,P<0.05).The positive rate of IgG antibody for rubella after inoculation was higher than that before inoculation,and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=69.47,P<0.05).The survey results showed that the average awareness rate of vaccine-related knowledge among parents of children was 66.66%,and 75.00% of guardians believed that vaccines were safe.The average immunization rate of children was 63.33%.Conclusion The immunogenicity of leprosy combined vaccine is good.Therefore it is suggested to strengthen the monitoring of vaccine success rate and the ability of antibody detection after vaccination in basic control institutions.Guardians have insufficient knowledge of vaccine knowledge,and the age-appropriate vaccination rate of school-age children is low.The vaccination knowledge health education should be strengthened,and the model and content should be innovated.
引文
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[5] 潘春柳,苏柳芊,陈旭辉,等.贵阳市云岩区适龄儿童常规疫苗接种率及免疫效果评价[J].中国生物制品学杂志,2015,28(6):614-617.
[6] 秦伟,解少煜,李开春,等.初次免疫月龄对麻疹减毒活疫苗免疫成功率影响的Meta分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2015,31(6):441-444.
[7] 马超,苏琪茹,郝利新,等.中国2012—2013年麻疹流行病学特征与消除麻疹进展[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2014,20(3):193-199,209.
[8] 马超,郝利新,苏琪茹,等.世界卫生组织194 个成员国麻疹、流行性腮腺炎、风疹减毒活疫苗的常规免疫程序、报告接种率与发病水平现状分析[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2015,21(3):241-247,254.
[9] 谢群,池益强,马姗姗,等.厦门市开展预防接种健康教育工作的方法与实践[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(6):617-619.
[10] 徐菊英,朱炜,杨玉英,等.“家长学堂”对儿童预防接种健康教育效果评估[J].浙江预防医学,2014,26(4):424-425,428.
[2] 李永成.麻疹疫苗的使用及小龄儿童麻疹流行现状[J].职业与健康,2014,30(8):1138-1140.
[3] 何寒青,陈恩富,李倩,等.浙江省麻疹不同流行阶段病例年龄分布特征[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2011,17(5):415-416.
[4] 刘新利,李悦玲,曹莉,等.铜川市婴儿麻疹抗体水平及免疫成功率监测分析[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2011,17(5):412-415.
[5] 潘春柳,苏柳芊,陈旭辉,等.贵阳市云岩区适龄儿童常规疫苗接种率及免疫效果评价[J].中国生物制品学杂志,2015,28(6):614-617.
[6] 秦伟,解少煜,李开春,等.初次免疫月龄对麻疹减毒活疫苗免疫成功率影响的Meta分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2015,31(6):441-444.
[7] 马超,苏琪茹,郝利新,等.中国2012—2013年麻疹流行病学特征与消除麻疹进展[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2014,20(3):193-199,209.
[8] 马超,郝利新,苏琪茹,等.世界卫生组织194 个成员国麻疹、流行性腮腺炎、风疹减毒活疫苗的常规免疫程序、报告接种率与发病水平现状分析[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2015,21(3):241-247,254.
[9] 谢群,池益强,马姗姗,等.厦门市开展预防接种健康教育工作的方法与实践[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(6):617-619.
[10] 徐菊英,朱炜,杨玉英,等.“家长学堂”对儿童预防接种健康教育效果评估[J].浙江预防医学,2014,26(4):424-425,428.