厦门近岸海域无居民海岛植物区系和物种组成相似性
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摘要
为摸清厦门近岸无居民海岛的主要植物群落类型,于2017年10月调查了12个无居民海岛的植物组成,共记录到维管束植物360种,其中乔木78种,小乔木或灌木109种,藤本23种,草本150种;包含外来入侵植物49种,其中恶性入侵种10种。植物区系分析表明,厦门周边12个无居民海岛植物主要由泛热带分布种及其变型组成,以热带、亚热带成分占主导地位,符合其亚热带地理分布特点。总体上,维管束植物物种相似性较高,物种丰富度受海岛面积的影响较大,与海岛面积存在显著的对数和幂函数关系。此外,岸线长度、高程、周长/面积比等空间参数也对海岛物种丰富度产生一定的影响。岛屿间维管束植物物种相似性受生境多样性和岛屿边缘效应的影响,仅吾屿可能存在小岛屿效应。
To find out the main plant community types of uninhabited islands in the nearshore Xiamen, in mid-to-late October 2017, we recorded 360 vascular plant species, including 78 trees, 109 small trees or shrubs, 23 vines and 150 herbs. We also found 49 invasive alien species, 10 of which have been identified as the most serious invasive. Compositional analysis showed that vegetation in these 12 uninhabited islands were of tropical and sub-tropical types. Consistent with the subtropical geography of these islands, vegetation mainly consisted of pan-tropical species and its variants. Generally, the islands had similar species composition. Herbaceous plants dominated the flora of these islands. Power and logarithm functions best described the species–area relationships of island vascular plants. Area had the largest effect on species richness of these islands followed by other spatial parameters such as the ratio of shoreline length, elevation, and perimeter area. Habitat diversity and island edge affected similarity of vascular plant species among different islands. Except for Wuyu Isle, we did not find evidence for small island effects in these surveys.
To find out the main plant community types of uninhabited islands in the nearshore Xiamen, in mid-to-late October 2017, we recorded 360 vascular plant species, including 78 trees, 109 small trees or shrubs, 23 vines and 150 herbs. We also found 49 invasive alien species, 10 of which have been identified as the most serious invasive. Compositional analysis showed that vegetation in these 12 uninhabited islands were of tropical and sub-tropical types. Consistent with the subtropical geography of these islands, vegetation mainly consisted of pan-tropical species and its variants. Generally, the islands had similar species composition. Herbaceous plants dominated the flora of these islands. Power and logarithm functions best described the species–area relationships of island vascular plants. Area had the largest effect on species richness of these islands followed by other spatial parameters such as the ratio of shoreline length, elevation, and perimeter area. Habitat diversity and island edge affected similarity of vascular plant species among different islands. Except for Wuyu Isle, we did not find evidence for small island effects in these surveys.
引文
Chen ZS,Xia DX,Wang JW,Zhou PX,Guo DX,Jiang F,Wang DZ,Bao YE,Dou ZX,Lu YX,Wang WH,Song CB,Chen WL,Xie QC,Feng YJ,Liu WK,Chen RX,Lin YX,Guo F,Li JF,Chen F,Xiong SL,Wang JL,Qiu ZG(1993)Survey of China Bays,Vol.8,pp.165-191.China Ocean Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[陈则实,夏东兴,王建文,周培兴,郭德喜,姜富,王德正,鲍永恩,窦振兴.路应贤,王文海,宋昌斌,陈伟伦,谢钦春,冯应俊,刘维坤,陈瑞祥,林应信,郭郛,李家芳,陈峰,熊仕林,王加林,邱志高(1993)中国海湾志第八册,165-191页.海洋出版社,北京.]
Fang JY,Wang XP,Shen ZH,Tang ZY,He JS,Yu D,Jiang Y,Wang ZH,Zheng CY,Zhu JL,Guo ZD(2009)Methods and protocols for plant community inventory.Biodiversity Science,17,533-548.(in Chinese with English abstract)[方精云,王襄平,沈泽昊,唐志尧,贺金生,于丹,江源,王志恒,郑成洋,朱江玲,郭兆迪(2009)植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范.生物多样性,17,533-548.]
Hoffmeister TS,Lem V,Biere A,Holsinger K,Fisher J(2005)Ecological and evolutionary consequences of biological invasion and habitat fragmentation.Ecosystems,8,657-667.
Invasive Alien Species of China(IASC)(2016)Authority Platform for China’s Invasive Alien Species of China.(in Chinese)[中国外来入侵物种信息系统(2016)权威的中国外来入侵物种信息系统.]http://ias.iplant.cn/protlist.(accessed on 2018-05-31)
Ju RT,Li H,Shi ZR,Li B(2012)Progress of biological invasions research in China over the last decade.Biodiversity Science,20,581-611.(in Chinese with English abstract)[鞠瑞亭,李慧,石正人,李博(2012)近十年中国生物入侵研究进展.生物多样性,20,581-611.]
Kerr JT,Packer L(1997)Habitat heterogeneity as a determinant of mammal species richness in high-energy regions.Nature,385,252-254.
Lomolino MV(2000)Ecology’s most general,yet protean pattern:The species-area relationship.Journal of Biogeography,27,17-26.
Morrison LW(2011)Why do some small islands lack vegetation?Evidence from long-term introduction experiments.Ecography,34,384-391.
Pinheiro HT,Bernardi G,Simon T,Joyeux JC,Mecieira RM,Gasparini JL,Rocha C,Rocha LA(2017)Island biogeography of marine organisms.Nature,549,82-85.
Qian H,Ricklefs RE,White PS(2005)Beta diversity of angiosperms in temperate floras of eastern Asia and eastern North America.Ecology Letters,8,15-22.
Shannon CE(1938)A mathematical theory of communication.The Bell System Technical Journal,196,519-520.
Spatz DR,Zilliacus KM,Holmes ND,Butchart SHM,Genovesi P,Ceballos G,Tershy BR,Croll DA(2017)Globally threatened vertebrates on islands with invasive species.Science Advances,3,e1603080.
Sun YM,Tang KX,Chen HY,Chen YZ,Huang HP,Cai LC(2017)Preliminary study on the characteristics of species diversity and the soil in non-resident island vegetation restoration.Journal of Applied Oceanography,36,1-5.(in Chinese with English abstract)[孙元敏,汤坤贤,陈慧英,陈玉珍,黄海萍,蔡鹭春(2017)无居民海岛植被恢复过程中物种多样性及土壤特征初步研究.应用海洋学学报,36,1-5.]
Sun Q,Lu JB,Zhang FF,Xu GF(2009)Plant species diversity in relation to island size.Acta Ecologica Sinica,29,2195-2202.(in Chinese with English abstract)[孙雀,卢剑波,张凤凤,徐高福(2009)植物物种多样性与岛屿面积的关系.生态学报,29,2195-2202.]
Su XF,Yuan JF,Hu G,Xu GF,Yu MJ(2014)Edge effect of the plant community structure on land-bridge islands in the Thousand Island Lake.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,25,77-84.(in Chinese with English abstract)[苏晓飞,袁金凤,胡广,徐高福,于明坚(2014)千岛湖陆桥岛屿植物群落结构的边缘效应.应用生态学报,25,77-84.]
Tan ZQ,Zeng WB,Zhang RT(1996)A study on the flora of Neitian in Tong’an,Xiamen.Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),35,428-433.(in Chinese with English abstract)[谭忠奇,曾文彬,张娆挺(1996)厦门同安县内田植物区系成分分析,厦门大学学报(自然科学版),35,428-433.]
Tian JY,Xia JB,Sun JK(2011)Ecological Protection and Restoration of Shell Island in the Yellow Sea Delta.Chemical Industry Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[田家怡,夏江宝,孙景宽(2011)黄海三角洲贝壳堤岛生态保护与修复.化学工业出版社,北京.]
Wan XW,Liu YH,Luo LM,Feng CH,Wang S,Ma L(2015)Inference on the invasion history of invasive alien species based on molecular methods.Acta Ecologica Sinica,35,1296-1309.(in Chinese with English abstract)[万宣伍,刘映红,罗林明,封传红,王胜,马利(2015)基于分子生物学方法的外来入侵物种入侵历史重构.生态学报,35,1296-1309.]
Wang JW,Wei X,Chen QX,Li XW,Yang S(2017)Factors affecting species richness and beta diversity of vascular plants on small islands in the Wenzhou region of eastern China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,37,523-540.(in Chinese with English abstract)[王金旺,魏馨,陈秋夏,李效文,杨升(2017)温州沿海小型海岛植物丰富度和β多样性及其影响因子.生态学报,37,523-540.]
Wang RS,Shi ZQ,Huang CQ,Yu ZH,Zheng WW,Chi JW(2015)Research report on the development of islands geological environment in Fujian Province.Strait Science,(1),10-16.(in Chinese)[王仁山,施志强,黄昌旗,余芝华,郑慰雯,池际武(2015)福建省岛屿地质环境学科发展研究报告.海峡科学,(1),10-16.]
Wu JG(2004)Effects of changing scale on landscape pattern analysis:Scaling relations.Landscape Ecology,19,125-138.
Whittaker RH(1972)Evolution and measurement of species diversity.Taxon,21,213-251.
Wu ZY(1991)The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plants.Acta Botanica Yunnanica,13(Suppl.4),1-139.(in Chinese with English abstract)[吴征镒(1991)中国种子植物属的分布区类型.云南植物研究,13(Suppl.4),1-139.]
Wu ZY,Zhou ZK,Li DZ,Peng H,Sun H(2003)The arealtypes of the world families of seed plants.Acta Botanica Yunnanica,25,245-257.(in Chinese with English abstract)[吴征镒,周浙昆,李德铢,彭华,孙航(2003)世界种子植物科的分布区类型系统.云南植物研究,25,245-257.]
Xiao L,Yang SC,Hou R,Liu CA,Lu WZ,Chen PF(2018)Ecological niche characteristics of vascular plant species in the Natural Chenier Island Reserve of Wudi,Shandong Province.Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),57,79-84.(in Chinese with English abstract)[肖兰,杨盛昌,侯蕊,刘长安,卢伟志,陈鹏飞(2018)山东无棣贝壳堤保护区维管束植物的生态位研究.厦门大学学报(自然科学版),57,79-84.]
Xu HS,Ma DW(2016)The seed plants areal types in Gulangyu Island of Fujian.Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Natural Science),39,588-592.(in Chinese with English abstract)[徐河山,马丹炜(2016)鼓浪屿岛种子植物分布区类型初步研究.四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),39,588-592.]
Yan XL,Liu QR,Shou HY,Zeng XF,Zhang Y,Chen L,Liu Y,Ma HY,Qi SY,Ma JS(2014)The categorization and analysis on the geographic distribution patterns of Chinese alien invasive plants.Biodiversity Science,22,667-676.(in Chinese with English abstract)[闫小玲,刘全儒,寿海洋,曾宪锋,张勇,陈丽,刘演,马海英,齐淑艳,马金双(2014)中国外来入侵植物的等级划分与地理分布格局分析.生物多样性,22,667-676.]
Ying JS,Xu GS(2002)An analysis of the flora of seed plants of Taiwan,China:Its nature,characteristics,and relations with the flora of the mainland.Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,40,1-51.(in Chinese with English abstract)[应俊生,徐国士(2002)中国台湾种子植物区系的性质、特点及其与大陆植物区系的关系.植物分类学报,40,1-51.]
Zeng WB(1981)The origin of Fujian flora,China.Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),20,487-495.(in Chinese with English abstract)[曾文彬(1981)福建植物区系的由来.厦门大学学报(自然科学版),20,487-495.]
Zeng WB(1983)The flora and phytogeographical subdivision of Fujian.Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),22,217-226.(in Chinese with English abstract)[曾文彬(1983)福建植物区系与植物地理区域.厦门大学学报(自然科学版),22,217-226.]
Zhang LT,Wang WQ,Jiang DG(2017)Analysis of seed flora and its remediation strategies on Xiamen Datu Island.Ocean Development and Management,34(3),81-87.(in Chinese with English abstract)[张琳婷,王文卿,姜德刚(2017)厦门大兔屿种子植物区系分析及其植被修复对策研究.海洋开发与管理,34(3),81-87.]
Zhang YW(2012)Island Development and Protection in China:Geographical Perspective.China Ocean Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[张耀文(2012)中国海岛开发与保护--地理学视角.海洋出版社,北京.]
Zheng JM,Fang X,Zhu XP,Zhu DD,Deng CY(2016)Wild plant germplasm and biodiversity in Dayu Island,Pingtan.Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,43,640-645.(inChinese with English abstract)[郑俊鸣,方笑,朱雪平,朱丹丹,邓传远(2016)平潭大屿岛植物资源及其多样性研究.安徽农业大学学报,43,640-645.]
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Zheng LT,Su T,Liu XY,Yin F,Guo C,Tuo B,Yan ER(2018)Species,functional,structural diversity of typical plant communities and their responses to environmental factors in Miao Archipelago,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,29,343-351.(in Chinese with English abstract)[郑丽婷,苏田,刘翔宇,尹芳,郭超,妥彬,阎恩荣(2018)庙岛群岛典型植物群落物种、功能、结构多样性及其对环境因子的响应.应用生态学报,29,343-351.]
(1)林文俊(2013)闽台种子植物区系比较研究.硕士学位论文,福建农林大学,福州.
(1)袁金凤(2011)边缘效应对千岛湖陆桥岛屿植物群落结构的影响.硕士学位论文,浙江大学,杭州.
Fang JY,Wang XP,Shen ZH,Tang ZY,He JS,Yu D,Jiang Y,Wang ZH,Zheng CY,Zhu JL,Guo ZD(2009)Methods and protocols for plant community inventory.Biodiversity Science,17,533-548.(in Chinese with English abstract)[方精云,王襄平,沈泽昊,唐志尧,贺金生,于丹,江源,王志恒,郑成洋,朱江玲,郭兆迪(2009)植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范.生物多样性,17,533-548.]
Hoffmeister TS,Lem V,Biere A,Holsinger K,Fisher J(2005)Ecological and evolutionary consequences of biological invasion and habitat fragmentation.Ecosystems,8,657-667.
Invasive Alien Species of China(IASC)(2016)Authority Platform for China’s Invasive Alien Species of China.(in Chinese)[中国外来入侵物种信息系统(2016)权威的中国外来入侵物种信息系统.]http://ias.iplant.cn/protlist.(accessed on 2018-05-31)
Ju RT,Li H,Shi ZR,Li B(2012)Progress of biological invasions research in China over the last decade.Biodiversity Science,20,581-611.(in Chinese with English abstract)[鞠瑞亭,李慧,石正人,李博(2012)近十年中国生物入侵研究进展.生物多样性,20,581-611.]
Kerr JT,Packer L(1997)Habitat heterogeneity as a determinant of mammal species richness in high-energy regions.Nature,385,252-254.
Lomolino MV(2000)Ecology’s most general,yet protean pattern:The species-area relationship.Journal of Biogeography,27,17-26.
Morrison LW(2011)Why do some small islands lack vegetation?Evidence from long-term introduction experiments.Ecography,34,384-391.
Pinheiro HT,Bernardi G,Simon T,Joyeux JC,Mecieira RM,Gasparini JL,Rocha C,Rocha LA(2017)Island biogeography of marine organisms.Nature,549,82-85.
Qian H,Ricklefs RE,White PS(2005)Beta diversity of angiosperms in temperate floras of eastern Asia and eastern North America.Ecology Letters,8,15-22.
Shannon CE(1938)A mathematical theory of communication.The Bell System Technical Journal,196,519-520.
Spatz DR,Zilliacus KM,Holmes ND,Butchart SHM,Genovesi P,Ceballos G,Tershy BR,Croll DA(2017)Globally threatened vertebrates on islands with invasive species.Science Advances,3,e1603080.
Sun YM,Tang KX,Chen HY,Chen YZ,Huang HP,Cai LC(2017)Preliminary study on the characteristics of species diversity and the soil in non-resident island vegetation restoration.Journal of Applied Oceanography,36,1-5.(in Chinese with English abstract)[孙元敏,汤坤贤,陈慧英,陈玉珍,黄海萍,蔡鹭春(2017)无居民海岛植被恢复过程中物种多样性及土壤特征初步研究.应用海洋学学报,36,1-5.]
Sun Q,Lu JB,Zhang FF,Xu GF(2009)Plant species diversity in relation to island size.Acta Ecologica Sinica,29,2195-2202.(in Chinese with English abstract)[孙雀,卢剑波,张凤凤,徐高福(2009)植物物种多样性与岛屿面积的关系.生态学报,29,2195-2202.]
Su XF,Yuan JF,Hu G,Xu GF,Yu MJ(2014)Edge effect of the plant community structure on land-bridge islands in the Thousand Island Lake.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,25,77-84.(in Chinese with English abstract)[苏晓飞,袁金凤,胡广,徐高福,于明坚(2014)千岛湖陆桥岛屿植物群落结构的边缘效应.应用生态学报,25,77-84.]
Tan ZQ,Zeng WB,Zhang RT(1996)A study on the flora of Neitian in Tong’an,Xiamen.Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),35,428-433.(in Chinese with English abstract)[谭忠奇,曾文彬,张娆挺(1996)厦门同安县内田植物区系成分分析,厦门大学学报(自然科学版),35,428-433.]
Tian JY,Xia JB,Sun JK(2011)Ecological Protection and Restoration of Shell Island in the Yellow Sea Delta.Chemical Industry Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[田家怡,夏江宝,孙景宽(2011)黄海三角洲贝壳堤岛生态保护与修复.化学工业出版社,北京.]
Wan XW,Liu YH,Luo LM,Feng CH,Wang S,Ma L(2015)Inference on the invasion history of invasive alien species based on molecular methods.Acta Ecologica Sinica,35,1296-1309.(in Chinese with English abstract)[万宣伍,刘映红,罗林明,封传红,王胜,马利(2015)基于分子生物学方法的外来入侵物种入侵历史重构.生态学报,35,1296-1309.]
Wang JW,Wei X,Chen QX,Li XW,Yang S(2017)Factors affecting species richness and beta diversity of vascular plants on small islands in the Wenzhou region of eastern China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,37,523-540.(in Chinese with English abstract)[王金旺,魏馨,陈秋夏,李效文,杨升(2017)温州沿海小型海岛植物丰富度和β多样性及其影响因子.生态学报,37,523-540.]
Wang RS,Shi ZQ,Huang CQ,Yu ZH,Zheng WW,Chi JW(2015)Research report on the development of islands geological environment in Fujian Province.Strait Science,(1),10-16.(in Chinese)[王仁山,施志强,黄昌旗,余芝华,郑慰雯,池际武(2015)福建省岛屿地质环境学科发展研究报告.海峡科学,(1),10-16.]
Wu JG(2004)Effects of changing scale on landscape pattern analysis:Scaling relations.Landscape Ecology,19,125-138.
Whittaker RH(1972)Evolution and measurement of species diversity.Taxon,21,213-251.
Wu ZY(1991)The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plants.Acta Botanica Yunnanica,13(Suppl.4),1-139.(in Chinese with English abstract)[吴征镒(1991)中国种子植物属的分布区类型.云南植物研究,13(Suppl.4),1-139.]
Wu ZY,Zhou ZK,Li DZ,Peng H,Sun H(2003)The arealtypes of the world families of seed plants.Acta Botanica Yunnanica,25,245-257.(in Chinese with English abstract)[吴征镒,周浙昆,李德铢,彭华,孙航(2003)世界种子植物科的分布区类型系统.云南植物研究,25,245-257.]
Xiao L,Yang SC,Hou R,Liu CA,Lu WZ,Chen PF(2018)Ecological niche characteristics of vascular plant species in the Natural Chenier Island Reserve of Wudi,Shandong Province.Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),57,79-84.(in Chinese with English abstract)[肖兰,杨盛昌,侯蕊,刘长安,卢伟志,陈鹏飞(2018)山东无棣贝壳堤保护区维管束植物的生态位研究.厦门大学学报(自然科学版),57,79-84.]
Xu HS,Ma DW(2016)The seed plants areal types in Gulangyu Island of Fujian.Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Natural Science),39,588-592.(in Chinese with English abstract)[徐河山,马丹炜(2016)鼓浪屿岛种子植物分布区类型初步研究.四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),39,588-592.]
Yan XL,Liu QR,Shou HY,Zeng XF,Zhang Y,Chen L,Liu Y,Ma HY,Qi SY,Ma JS(2014)The categorization and analysis on the geographic distribution patterns of Chinese alien invasive plants.Biodiversity Science,22,667-676.(in Chinese with English abstract)[闫小玲,刘全儒,寿海洋,曾宪锋,张勇,陈丽,刘演,马海英,齐淑艳,马金双(2014)中国外来入侵植物的等级划分与地理分布格局分析.生物多样性,22,667-676.]
Ying JS,Xu GS(2002)An analysis of the flora of seed plants of Taiwan,China:Its nature,characteristics,and relations with the flora of the mainland.Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,40,1-51.(in Chinese with English abstract)[应俊生,徐国士(2002)中国台湾种子植物区系的性质、特点及其与大陆植物区系的关系.植物分类学报,40,1-51.]
Zeng WB(1981)The origin of Fujian flora,China.Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),20,487-495.(in Chinese with English abstract)[曾文彬(1981)福建植物区系的由来.厦门大学学报(自然科学版),20,487-495.]
Zeng WB(1983)The flora and phytogeographical subdivision of Fujian.Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),22,217-226.(in Chinese with English abstract)[曾文彬(1983)福建植物区系与植物地理区域.厦门大学学报(自然科学版),22,217-226.]
Zhang LT,Wang WQ,Jiang DG(2017)Analysis of seed flora and its remediation strategies on Xiamen Datu Island.Ocean Development and Management,34(3),81-87.(in Chinese with English abstract)[张琳婷,王文卿,姜德刚(2017)厦门大兔屿种子植物区系分析及其植被修复对策研究.海洋开发与管理,34(3),81-87.]
Zhang YW(2012)Island Development and Protection in China:Geographical Perspective.China Ocean Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[张耀文(2012)中国海岛开发与保护--地理学视角.海洋出版社,北京.]
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