低聚壳聚糖季铵盐对青脚麻鸡生产性能、免疫和抗氧化功能的影响
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摘要
[目的]本试验旨在研究低聚壳聚糖季铵盐(quaternized chitooligosaccharide,QCOS)对青脚麻鸡生产性能、免疫和抗氧化功能的影响。[方法]将192只1日龄健康青脚麻鸡随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0(对照组)、2.5、5.0和10.0 mg·kg~(-1) QCOS的试验日粮50 d。养殖过程中记录青脚麻鸡体质量和饲料消耗量用于生产性能的计算,养殖结束后采集胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊、盲肠食糜、血清以及十二脂肠、空肠和回肠黏膜测定免疫器官指数、盲肠菌群数、抗氧化指标和免疫指标。[结果]与对照组相比,日粮中添加QCOS对青脚麻鸡生产性能无显著影响,但添加5.0 mg·kg~(-1) QCOS使青脚麻鸡后期和全期的平均日增重分别提高4.65%、3.38%(P>0.05);QCOS的添加显著提高50 d法氏囊指数(P<0.05),且有降低25 d盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌(P=0.063)和沙门氏菌(P=0.057)数量的趋势;添加2.5、10.0 mg·kg~(-1) QCOS显著提高25 d空肠黏膜的总抗氧化能力(P<0.05),添加10.0 mg·kg~(-1) QCOS显著提高25 d回肠黏膜的总抗氧化能力及总超氧化物歧化酶活性(P<0.05);QCOS的添加显著提高50 d血清和25 d空肠黏膜免疫球蛋白M含量(IgM)(P<0.05),添加5.0 mg·kg~(-1) QCOS显著提高50 d十二指肠黏膜IgG含量(P<0.05),添加10.0 mg·kg~(-1) QCOS显著提高50 d回肠黏膜分泌型IgA的含量(P<0.05),添加2.5、10.0 mg·kg~(-1) QCOS显著提高50 d回肠黏膜IgM和IgG的含量(P<0.05)。[结论]日粮中添加QCOS可改善青脚麻鸡的免疫和抗氧化功能,并在一定程度上抑制肠道有害菌生长。
[Objectives]The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of quaternized chitooligosaccharide(QCOS)on the growth performance,immune and antioxidant function of partridge shank chickens. [Methods]A total of 192 one-day-old healthy chicks were randomly allocated into 4 groups,and one group with 6 replicates of 8 chicks each,and were fed basal diet supplemented with 0(control group),2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mg·kg~(-1) QCOS for 50 d,respectively. The partridge shank chickens body mass and feed consumption were recorded during the breeding process for the calculation of production performance,and after the feeding trial,the samples such as thymus,spleen,bursa,chyme in cecum,serum and duodenal,jejunal and ileal mucosa were collected to determine the immune organ index,cecum flora,antioxidant and immune index.[Results]The results showed as follows:compared with the control group,QCOS supplementation did not significantly affect the growth performance of the partridge shank chickens,whereas its supplementation at a dosage at 5.0 mg·kg~(-1) numerically increased average daily gain during the finisher and whole experimental periods by 4.65% and 3.38%,respectively(P>0.05). QCOS supplementation,irrespective of dosage,increased the bursa of Fabricius index at 50 d(P<0.05),and tended to decrease the population of Escherichia coli(P=0.063)and Salmonella(P=0.057)in the cecal content at 25 d. Both 2.5 and 10.0 mg·kg~(-1) QCOS addition significantly enhanced total antioxidant capacity in the jejunal mucosa at 25 d(P<0.05). 10.0 mg·kg~(-1)QCOS inclusion significantly increased total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase activity in the ileal mucosa at 25 d(P<0.05). QCOS addition significantly increased IgM content in the serum at 50 d and jejunal mucosa at 25 d(P<0.05),5 mg·kg~(-1) QCOS supplementation elevated IgG concentration in the duodenal mucosa at 50 d(P<0.05),and QCOS supplementation at the dosage of 10.0 mg·kg~(-1) significantly increased SIgA content in the ileal mucosa at 50 d(P<0.05). Both 2.5 and 10.0 mg·kg~(-1) QCOS inclusion significantly enhanced IgM and IgG contents in the ileal mucosa at 50 d(P<0.05). [Conclusions]The results indicated that QCOS supplementation could improve immune and antioxidant function of partridge shank chickens,and tend to inhibit growth of harmful intestinal bacteria.
[Objectives]The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of quaternized chitooligosaccharide(QCOS)on the growth performance,immune and antioxidant function of partridge shank chickens. [Methods]A total of 192 one-day-old healthy chicks were randomly allocated into 4 groups,and one group with 6 replicates of 8 chicks each,and were fed basal diet supplemented with 0(control group),2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mg·kg~(-1) QCOS for 50 d,respectively. The partridge shank chickens body mass and feed consumption were recorded during the breeding process for the calculation of production performance,and after the feeding trial,the samples such as thymus,spleen,bursa,chyme in cecum,serum and duodenal,jejunal and ileal mucosa were collected to determine the immune organ index,cecum flora,antioxidant and immune index.[Results]The results showed as follows:compared with the control group,QCOS supplementation did not significantly affect the growth performance of the partridge shank chickens,whereas its supplementation at a dosage at 5.0 mg·kg~(-1) numerically increased average daily gain during the finisher and whole experimental periods by 4.65% and 3.38%,respectively(P>0.05). QCOS supplementation,irrespective of dosage,increased the bursa of Fabricius index at 50 d(P<0.05),and tended to decrease the population of Escherichia coli(P=0.063)and Salmonella(P=0.057)in the cecal content at 25 d. Both 2.5 and 10.0 mg·kg~(-1) QCOS addition significantly enhanced total antioxidant capacity in the jejunal mucosa at 25 d(P<0.05). 10.0 mg·kg~(-1)QCOS inclusion significantly increased total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase activity in the ileal mucosa at 25 d(P<0.05). QCOS addition significantly increased IgM content in the serum at 50 d and jejunal mucosa at 25 d(P<0.05),5 mg·kg~(-1) QCOS supplementation elevated IgG concentration in the duodenal mucosa at 50 d(P<0.05),and QCOS supplementation at the dosage of 10.0 mg·kg~(-1) significantly increased SIgA content in the ileal mucosa at 50 d(P<0.05). Both 2.5 and 10.0 mg·kg~(-1) QCOS inclusion significantly enhanced IgM and IgG contents in the ileal mucosa at 50 d(P<0.05). [Conclusions]The results indicated that QCOS supplementation could improve immune and antioxidant function of partridge shank chickens,and tend to inhibit growth of harmful intestinal bacteria.
引文
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[7] 沈巍,王建新,赵成英,等.壳聚糖季铵盐合成及其抗氧化性能研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2007,19(3):465-469.Shen W,Wang J X,Zhao C Y,et al.Synthesis and antioxidative activity of quaternized chitosan[J].Natural Product Research and Development,2007,19(3):465-469(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[9] Huang R L,Deng Z Y,Yang C B,et al.Dietary oligochitosan supplementation enhances immune status of broilers[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2010,87(1):153-159.
[10] 褚春莹.季铵化壳低聚糖的合成及性能研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2003.Chu C Y.Study on synthesis and properties of quaternary ammonium chitosan-oligosaccharides[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2003(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11] 孙涛,陈春红,谢晶,等.低聚壳聚糖衍生物抗氧化性能研究进展[J].食品科技,2010,35(7):55-58.Sun T,Chen C H,Xie J,et al.Progress in research of antioxidant activity of chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives[J].Food Science and Technology,2010,35(7):55-58(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12] Li X J,Piao X S,Kim S W,et al.Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on performance,nutrient digestibility,and serum composition in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(6):1107-1114.
[13] 王秀武,杜昱光,白雪芳,等.壳寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群、小肠微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2003,15(4):32-35.Wang X W,Du Y G,Bai X F,et al.The effect of oligochitosan on broiler gut flora,microvilli density,immune function and growth performance[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2003,15(4):32-35(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14] 林丽娟,蔡洁琼,张婷婷,等.低聚壳聚糖对鸡白痢沙门氏菌的体外和体内抑菌效果研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2012,12(12):48-50.Lin L J,Cai J Q,Zhang T T,et al.Inhibitive effect of oligochitosan on Salmonella pullorum in vitro and in vivo[J].Cereal and Feed Industry,2012,12(12):48-50(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15] Liu P,Piao X S,Kim S W,et al.Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,and fecal shedding of,Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus,in weaning pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(10):2609-2618.
[16] Cai Z S,Song Z Q,Yang C S,et al.Synthesis,characterization and antibacterial activity of quaternized N,O-(2-carboxyethyl)chitosan[J].Polymer Bulletin,2009,62(4):445-456.
[17] Jia Z,Shen D,Xu W.Synthesis and antibacterial activities of quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan[J].Carbohydrate Research,2001,333(1):1-6.
[18] 吴迪,蔡伟民.壳聚糖季铵盐的抑菌机理研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2005,37(7):1014-1015,1018.Wu D,Cai W M.Bacteriostatic mechanism of chitosan ammonium reagent salt[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2005,37(7):1014-1015,1018(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19] Simon H U,Haj-Yehia A,Levi-Schaffer F.Role of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in apoptosis induction[J].Apoptosis,2000,5(5):415-418.
[20] 刘红林,孟繁星.氧化应激对动物有腔卵泡闭锁的影响及机制[J].南京农业大学学报,2019,42(1):6-13.DOI:10.7685/jnau.201803060.Liu H L,Meng F X.Effect of oxidative stress on antral follicular atresia in animals and its mechanism[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2019,42(1):6-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21] 谢云涛.低聚壳聚糖衍生物生物活性研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2006.Xie Y T.Bioactivity of low molecular weight chitosan derivatives[D].Lanzhou:Northwest Normal University,2006(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22] Liu H T,Li W M,Xu G,et al.Chitosan oligosaccharides attenuate hydrogen peroxide-induced stress injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells[J].Pharmacological Research,2009,59(3):167-175.
[23] Wan J,Yang K,Xu Q,et al.Dietary chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation improves foetal survival and reproductive performance in multiparous sows[J].RSC Advances,2016,6:70715-70722.
[24] 王敏奇,叶珊珊,杜勇杰,等.载铜纳米壳聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫和抗氧化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(10):1806-1811.Wang M Q,Ye S S,Du Y J,et al.Chitosan nanoparticles loaded copper ions affect growth performance,immunity and antioxidant indices of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(10):1806-1811(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25] Deng X,Li X,Liu P,et al.Effect of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on immunity in broiler chickens[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2008,21(11):1651-1658.
[26] 乔恩美,孙亚丽,朱杨辉,等.低聚壳聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫器官发育的影响[J].安徽科技学院学报,2011,25(2):9-13.Qiao E M,Sun Y L,Zhu Y H,et al.Effects of oligo-chitosan on growth performance and development of immune organs of broilers[J].Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University,2011,25(2):9-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
[27] 金晓.壳聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能、血液指标及肠道系统的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2008.Jin X.Effects of chitosan on growth performance,immune function,blood indexes and intestinal system in broilers[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2008(in Chinese with English abstract).
[28] Xiong X,Yang H S,Wang X C,et al.Effect of low dosage of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on intestinal morphology,immune response,antioxidant capacity,and barrier function in weaned piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2015,93(3):1089-1097.
[2] 辛清武,朱志明,李丽.低聚壳聚糖对北京鸭生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2018,50(4):28-32.Xin Q W,Zhu Z M,Li L.Effect of chitooligosaccharide on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of peking duck[J].Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2018,50(4):28-32(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3] Yin H,Du Y,Zhang J.Low molecular weight and oligomeric chitosans and their bioactivities[J].Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry,2009,9(16):1546-1559.
[4] Vinsova J,Vavrakova E.Chitosan derivatives with antimicrobial,antitumour and antioxidant activities:a review[J].Current Pharmaceutical Design,2011,17(32):3596-3607.
[5] Helander I M,Nurmiaho-lassila E L,Ahvenainen R,et al.Chitosan disrupts the barrier properties of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2001,71(2/3):235-244.
[6] Oli M W,Petschow B W,Buddington R K.Evaluation of fructooligosaccharide supplementation of oral electrolyte solutions for treatment of diarrhea(Recovery of the intestinal bacteria)[J].Digestive Diseases and Sciences,1998,43(1):138-147.
[7] 沈巍,王建新,赵成英,等.壳聚糖季铵盐合成及其抗氧化性能研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2007,19(3):465-469.Shen W,Wang J X,Zhao C Y,et al.Synthesis and antioxidative activity of quaternized chitosan[J].Natural Product Research and Development,2007,19(3):465-469(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8] Huang R L,Yin Y L,Wu G Y,et al.Effect of dietary oligochitosan supplementation on heal digestibility of nutrients and performance in broilers[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(9):1383-1388.
[9] Huang R L,Deng Z Y,Yang C B,et al.Dietary oligochitosan supplementation enhances immune status of broilers[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2010,87(1):153-159.
[10] 褚春莹.季铵化壳低聚糖的合成及性能研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2003.Chu C Y.Study on synthesis and properties of quaternary ammonium chitosan-oligosaccharides[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2003(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11] 孙涛,陈春红,谢晶,等.低聚壳聚糖衍生物抗氧化性能研究进展[J].食品科技,2010,35(7):55-58.Sun T,Chen C H,Xie J,et al.Progress in research of antioxidant activity of chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives[J].Food Science and Technology,2010,35(7):55-58(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12] Li X J,Piao X S,Kim S W,et al.Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on performance,nutrient digestibility,and serum composition in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(6):1107-1114.
[13] 王秀武,杜昱光,白雪芳,等.壳寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群、小肠微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2003,15(4):32-35.Wang X W,Du Y G,Bai X F,et al.The effect of oligochitosan on broiler gut flora,microvilli density,immune function and growth performance[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2003,15(4):32-35(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14] 林丽娟,蔡洁琼,张婷婷,等.低聚壳聚糖对鸡白痢沙门氏菌的体外和体内抑菌效果研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2012,12(12):48-50.Lin L J,Cai J Q,Zhang T T,et al.Inhibitive effect of oligochitosan on Salmonella pullorum in vitro and in vivo[J].Cereal and Feed Industry,2012,12(12):48-50(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15] Liu P,Piao X S,Kim S W,et al.Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,and fecal shedding of,Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus,in weaning pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(10):2609-2618.
[16] Cai Z S,Song Z Q,Yang C S,et al.Synthesis,characterization and antibacterial activity of quaternized N,O-(2-carboxyethyl)chitosan[J].Polymer Bulletin,2009,62(4):445-456.
[17] Jia Z,Shen D,Xu W.Synthesis and antibacterial activities of quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan[J].Carbohydrate Research,2001,333(1):1-6.
[18] 吴迪,蔡伟民.壳聚糖季铵盐的抑菌机理研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2005,37(7):1014-1015,1018.Wu D,Cai W M.Bacteriostatic mechanism of chitosan ammonium reagent salt[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2005,37(7):1014-1015,1018(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19] Simon H U,Haj-Yehia A,Levi-Schaffer F.Role of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in apoptosis induction[J].Apoptosis,2000,5(5):415-418.
[20] 刘红林,孟繁星.氧化应激对动物有腔卵泡闭锁的影响及机制[J].南京农业大学学报,2019,42(1):6-13.DOI:10.7685/jnau.201803060.Liu H L,Meng F X.Effect of oxidative stress on antral follicular atresia in animals and its mechanism[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2019,42(1):6-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21] 谢云涛.低聚壳聚糖衍生物生物活性研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2006.Xie Y T.Bioactivity of low molecular weight chitosan derivatives[D].Lanzhou:Northwest Normal University,2006(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22] Liu H T,Li W M,Xu G,et al.Chitosan oligosaccharides attenuate hydrogen peroxide-induced stress injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells[J].Pharmacological Research,2009,59(3):167-175.
[23] Wan J,Yang K,Xu Q,et al.Dietary chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation improves foetal survival and reproductive performance in multiparous sows[J].RSC Advances,2016,6:70715-70722.
[24] 王敏奇,叶珊珊,杜勇杰,等.载铜纳米壳聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫和抗氧化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(10):1806-1811.Wang M Q,Ye S S,Du Y J,et al.Chitosan nanoparticles loaded copper ions affect growth performance,immunity and antioxidant indices of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(10):1806-1811(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25] Deng X,Li X,Liu P,et al.Effect of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on immunity in broiler chickens[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2008,21(11):1651-1658.
[26] 乔恩美,孙亚丽,朱杨辉,等.低聚壳聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫器官发育的影响[J].安徽科技学院学报,2011,25(2):9-13.Qiao E M,Sun Y L,Zhu Y H,et al.Effects of oligo-chitosan on growth performance and development of immune organs of broilers[J].Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University,2011,25(2):9-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
[27] 金晓.壳聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能、血液指标及肠道系统的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2008.Jin X.Effects of chitosan on growth performance,immune function,blood indexes and intestinal system in broilers[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2008(in Chinese with English abstract).
[28] Xiong X,Yang H S,Wang X C,et al.Effect of low dosage of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on intestinal morphology,immune response,antioxidant capacity,and barrier function in weaned piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2015,93(3):1089-1097.