上海市青浦区苯及苯系物暴露企业职业卫生普查结果分析
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摘要
目的通过对青浦区苯及苯系物暴露企业开展普查,了解辖区内苯及苯系物暴露企业职业危害及职业卫生管理现状,为做好辖区内职业性苯及苯系物中毒防控工作提供科学依据。方法对所有苯及苯系物暴露企业的基本情况、接触危害(以下简称"接害")人数、工作场所委托检测情况和接害工人健康监护情况进行职业卫生调查,并对调查结果进行流行病学分析。结果青浦区苯及苯系物暴露企业762家,主要暴露危害因素为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯、乙苯,暴露总人数为9,908人。其中外来务工人员最多,为8,722人(88.03%)。苯及苯系物暴露企业开展委托检测率仅为37.63%,检测点合格率为98.55%,开展暴露工人健康监护的企业比例有31.23%。卡方检验结果显示,不同危害因素的接害女工率、外来务工人员所占比率、开展委托检测率、监测结果合格率及开展职业健康体检率不同(P<0.05)。结论青浦区苯及苯系物暴露企业和暴露人数多,企业工作场所苯及苯系物委托检测开展率低,劳动职业健康监护开展有待规范。应加强苯暴露企业苯使用检查和指导企业使用低毒苯系物替代,预防苯及苯系物中毒的发生。
Objective To investigate the occupational hazards and occupational health management of benzene and benzene series exposure enterprises in Qingpu District, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational benzene and benzene series poisoning in Qingpu District. Methods Occupational health survey was conducted on the basic situation of all enterprises exposed to benzene and benzene homologues, the number of people exposed to hazards, the entrusted examination situation in the workplace, and the health monitoring of workers exposed to hazards, and epidemiological analysis was made on the results of the survey. Results There were 762 enterprises exposed to benzene and benzene series in Qingpu District. The main exposure hazards were benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, and ethylbenzene. The total number of exposed workers was 9 908, of which 8 722(88.03%) were migrant workers. The entrusted detection rate of benzene and benzene series exposure enterprises was only 37.63%; the qualification rate of detection points was 98.55%; the proportion of enterprises carrying out health surveillance for exposed workers was 31.23%. Chi-square test results showed that different hazard factors had different rates of female workers, proportion of migrant workers, entrusted detection rate, qualified rate of monitoring results, and occupational health rate(P<0.05). Conclusion There are many benzene and benzene series exposed enterprises and exposed workers in Qingpu District. The entrusted detection rate of benzene and benzene series in the workplace of enterprises is low. The development of occupational health monitoring needs to be standardized. The inspection of benzene use in benzene exposed enterprises should be strengthened and the substitution of low toxic benzene series should be guided to prevent the occurrence of benzene and benzene homologues poisoning.
Objective To investigate the occupational hazards and occupational health management of benzene and benzene series exposure enterprises in Qingpu District, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational benzene and benzene series poisoning in Qingpu District. Methods Occupational health survey was conducted on the basic situation of all enterprises exposed to benzene and benzene homologues, the number of people exposed to hazards, the entrusted examination situation in the workplace, and the health monitoring of workers exposed to hazards, and epidemiological analysis was made on the results of the survey. Results There were 762 enterprises exposed to benzene and benzene series in Qingpu District. The main exposure hazards were benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, and ethylbenzene. The total number of exposed workers was 9 908, of which 8 722(88.03%) were migrant workers. The entrusted detection rate of benzene and benzene series exposure enterprises was only 37.63%; the qualification rate of detection points was 98.55%; the proportion of enterprises carrying out health surveillance for exposed workers was 31.23%. Chi-square test results showed that different hazard factors had different rates of female workers, proportion of migrant workers, entrusted detection rate, qualified rate of monitoring results, and occupational health rate(P<0.05). Conclusion There are many benzene and benzene series exposed enterprises and exposed workers in Qingpu District. The entrusted detection rate of benzene and benzene series in the workplace of enterprises is low. The development of occupational health monitoring needs to be standardized. The inspection of benzene use in benzene exposed enterprises should be strengthened and the substitution of low toxic benzene series should be guided to prevent the occurrence of benzene and benzene homologues poisoning.
引文
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[12]段小燕,余善法,杨金龙,等.长期接触低浓度苯、甲苯、二甲苯对作业工人健康影响的调查[J].工业卫生与职业病, 2003, 29(1):45-47.
[13]赵转地,朱志良,张胜,等.低浓度苯接触工人职业性慢性苯中毒五例[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志, 2015,33(2):118-120.
[14]汤丽霞.低浓度苯作业致慢性苯中毒1例[J].工业卫生与职业病, 2006,3 2(1):59-60.
[15]张新华,杨龙强.长期接触低浓度混苯对作业工人健康的影响[J].海峡预防医学杂志, 2006,12(3):40-41.
[2]李凤苏.苯及苯系物对作业人员健康状况的影响[J].职业与健康, 2008, 24(17):1760-1762.
[3]覃静.混苯涂料作业工人健康状况的调查[J].职业卫生与应急救援, 2005, 23(1):7-8.
[4]张金龙.低浓度混苯作业女工淋巴细胞DNA损伤的调查[J].中国工业医学杂志, 2006,19(2):117-118.
[5]李秀梅,左惠芬,安金萍.混苯接触工人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变的研究[J].环境与职业医学, 2009,36(19):3635-3637.
[6]高峰,王宝梅,梁玉珍,等.职业性三苯接触对人体外周血淋巴细胞染色体结构的影响[J].环境与职业医学,2005,22(4):359-360.
[7]国家卫生与计划生育委员会.卫生计生委通报2013年职业病防治工作情况[EB/OL].(2014-06-30).[2019-02-11]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2014-06/30/content_2710053.htm.
[8]国家统计局.国家统计局关于印发统计上大中小微型企业划分办法的通知[EB/OL].(2011-09-02).[2019-02-11]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/201109/t20110909_8669.html.
[9]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 4754-2011国民经济行业分类标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2011.
[10]叶开友,徐瑞芳,陆辰汝. 2002-2013年上海市青浦区职业病发病特征[J].环境与职业医学, 2015, 32(5):426-429.
[11]罗洁. 1 968例接触低浓度苯及苯系物作业工人的疾病谱分析[J].医学动物防制, 2012, 28(8):901-906.
[12]段小燕,余善法,杨金龙,等.长期接触低浓度苯、甲苯、二甲苯对作业工人健康影响的调查[J].工业卫生与职业病, 2003, 29(1):45-47.
[13]赵转地,朱志良,张胜,等.低浓度苯接触工人职业性慢性苯中毒五例[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志, 2015,33(2):118-120.
[14]汤丽霞.低浓度苯作业致慢性苯中毒1例[J].工业卫生与职业病, 2006,3 2(1):59-60.
[15]张新华,杨龙强.长期接触低浓度混苯对作业工人健康的影响[J].海峡预防医学杂志, 2006,12(3):40-41.