终身教育百年:从终身教育到终身学习
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摘要
"终身教育"百年历程经历了从古老观念的复兴到现代概念的厘定再到思想和理论体系化的过程。20世纪20-40年代,英国"1919年报告"将终身教育植入现代教育体系。20世纪50-70年代,成人教育不仅成为终身教育的"火车头",而且丰富和发展了终身教育概念。赫钦斯、朗格朗、戴维、克罗普利等人基于对现代教育弊端的激烈批判,复兴了"终身教育"这一古老观念。20世纪80年代,吉尔皮、纳普尔、克罗普利、奥努什金等人试图构建一个从学前教育、高等教育到继续教育的现代终身教育体系。20世纪90年代,"终身学习"在国际上获得广泛认可。从早期教育到高等教育、从学习社会到终身学习的理论与实践获得了新发展。21世纪以来,终身学习不仅成为全球最广泛共享的教育政策目标之一,而且成为教育政策制定的一种规范。伴随全球政治经济社会的变革,终身学习依然面临包括公民教育、价值观教育、老龄问题、性别不平等,以及社会资本、全球治理、数字化、高等教育和继续教育变革等诸多挑战。但是,终身学习依然是个人生存与未来社会前行的"护照"。
The centennial course of lifelong education has experienced a process from the revival of ancient concepts to the definition of modern concepts and then to the systematization of ideas and theories. From the 1920 s to the1940 s, in British's "1919 Report" lifelong education was implanted into modern education system. From the 1950 s to the1970 s, adult education not only became the "locomotive" of lifelong education, but also enriched and developed the concept of lifelong education. Hutchins, Lengrand, David, Cropley and others revived the old idea of "lifelong education" based on their vehement criticism of the drawbacks of modern education. In the 1980 s, Gilpi, knapper, Cropley,Ornushkin and others tried to construct a modern lifelong education system, from Preschool and higher education to Continuing education. In the 1990 s, "lifelong learning" gained wide international recognition. New developments have been made in theory and practice from early education to higher education, from learning society to lifelong learning. Since the 21 st century, lifelong learning has not only become one of the most widely shared educational policy goals in the world,but also a norm of educational policy-making. With the transformation of global politics, economy and society, lifelong learning still faces many challenges, including citizenship education, values education, ageing, gender inequality, social capital, global governance, digitization, higher education and changes in continuing education. However, lifelong learning is still a "passport" for individual survival and future social advance.
The centennial course of lifelong education has experienced a process from the revival of ancient concepts to the definition of modern concepts and then to the systematization of ideas and theories. From the 1920 s to the1940 s, in British's "1919 Report" lifelong education was implanted into modern education system. From the 1950 s to the1970 s, adult education not only became the "locomotive" of lifelong education, but also enriched and developed the concept of lifelong education. Hutchins, Lengrand, David, Cropley and others revived the old idea of "lifelong education" based on their vehement criticism of the drawbacks of modern education. In the 1980 s, Gilpi, knapper, Cropley,Ornushkin and others tried to construct a modern lifelong education system, from Preschool and higher education to Continuing education. In the 1990 s, "lifelong learning" gained wide international recognition. New developments have been made in theory and practice from early education to higher education, from learning society to lifelong learning. Since the 21 st century, lifelong learning has not only become one of the most widely shared educational policy goals in the world,but also a norm of educational policy-making. With the transformation of global politics, economy and society, lifelong learning still faces many challenges, including citizenship education, values education, ageing, gender inequality, social capital, global governance, digitization, higher education and changes in continuing education. However, lifelong learning is still a "passport" for individual survival and future social advance.
引文
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[28]Darkenwald, G. G.,&Merriam, S. B.(1982). Adult Education:Foundations of Practice[M]. New York:Harper and Row.
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[37]Holford, J., Jarvis, P.,&Griffin, C.(1998). International Perspectives on Lifelong Learning[M]. Taylor&Francis. Ltd.
[38]Houle, C. O.(1961). The Inquiring Mind[M]. Madison:University of Wisconsin Press.
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[40]Houle, C. O.(1984). Patters of Learning[M]. Jossey-Bass.
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[42]Hutchins, R. M.(1968). The Learning Society[M]. New York:F. A. Praeger.
[43]Illich, I.(1971). Deschooling Society[M]. New York:Harper and Row.
[44]Inou, Y.(2007). Online Education for Lifelong Learning[M]. Information Science Pub.
[45]Jackson, S.(2011). Innovations in lifelong Learning:Critical Perspectives on Diversity, Participation and Vocational Learning[M]. Routledge.
[46]Jarvis, P.(1992). Paradoxes of Learning:On Becoming An Individual in Society[M].Jossey-Bass.
[47]Jarvis, P.(2006). Lifelong Learning and the Learning Society[M]. Routledge.
[48]Jarvis, P.(2009). The Routledge International Handbook of Lifelong Learning[M]. Routledge.
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[50]JoséRamón Flecha García(1997). El Aprendizaje de Las Personas Adultas a Traves Del Dialogo[M]. Rowman&Littlefield.
[51]Kidd, R. J.(1959). How Adults Learn[M]. Cambridge.
[52]Knapper, C. K.,&Cropley, A. K.(1983). Lifelong Learning and Higher Education[M]. Croom Helm.
[53]Knowles, M. S.(1950). Informal Adult Education[M].Association Press.
[54]Knowles, M. S.(1970). The Modern Practice of Adult Education, Andragogy Versus Pedagogy[M]. Prentice Hall/Cambridge.
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[58]Knowles, M. S.(1986). Using Learning Contracts[M].Jossey-Bass.
[59]Knust, M.,&Hanft, A.(2009). Continuing Higher Education and Lifelong Learning:An International Comparative Study on Structures, Organisation, and Provisions[M]. Springer.
[60]Leathwood, C.,&Francis, B.(2006). Gender and Lifelong Learning:Critical Feminist Engagements[M]. Routledge.
[61]Lengrand, P.(1970). An Introduction to Lifelong Education[M]. UNESCO.
[62]Merriam, S. B.(1993). The New Update on Adult Learning Theory[M]. Jossey-Bass.
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(1)英文原文如下:Adult education must not be regarded as a luxury for a few exceptional persons here and there, nor as a thing which concerns only a short span of early manhood, but that adult education is a permanent national necessity, an inseparable aspect of citizenship, and therefore should be both universal and lifelong.
(2)以迪尔英爵士为主席的英国高等教育调查委员会经过一年多的调查研究,广泛征求社会各界意见,于1997年7月23日发表了题为《学习社会中的高等教育》的咨询报告。该报告系统地回顾了英国高等教育自本世纪60年代《罗宾斯报告》以来,特别是1992年教育改革法案以来英国高等教育的发展与现状。在回顾与评价的基础上,结合其他国家高等教育发展战略和21世纪国际经济发展趋势,为保持英国在国际竞争中的优势地位,对未来20年英国高等教育发展的战略和框架提出了全面建议。该报告的发表在英国各界引起了强烈反响。该报告长达170页,涵括93条建议,涉及英国高等教育各个领域,各界的反映也各有侧重。
[2][美]罗丝玛莉·卡法瑞拉(1997).成人学习规划[M].洪敏琬.台北:五南书局:原序.
[3][美]帕克·罗斯曼(2006).未来高等教育:终生学习与虚拟空间[M].范怡红.青岛:青岛海洋大学.
[4][美]雪伦·B.梅里安,罗斯玛丽·S.凯弗瑞拉(2011).成人学习的综合研究与实践指导[M].黄健,张永,魏光丽.北京:中国人民大学出版社.
[5][日]阿部进(1989).三岁定终身[M].杨秀云,林珠如.北京:中国友谊出版公司:前言.
[6][日]持田荣一,森隆夫,诸冈和房(1987).终身教育大全[M].龚同,林瀛,刑齐一等.北京:中国妇女出版社.
[7][日]小宫山博仁(2000).终身受用的学习秘诀[M].李芳黛.台北:大展出版有限公司:14.
[8][苏联]维·奥努什金(1992).连续教育的理论基础[M].杨希钺,叶忠海,王恩发.北京:中国劳动出版社.
[9][英]彼得·贾维斯(1989).成人教育和继续教育社会学[M].贾宗谊,冯斌.北京:春秋出版社:26.
[10][英]彼得·贾维斯(1999).二十世纪的成人教育思想家[M].王秋绒.台北:心理出版社:134,303,172. 191.
[11][英]泰特缪斯(1990).培格曼国际终身教育百科全书[M].程方平.北京:职工教育出版社.
[12]陈桂生(2008).“终身教育”辨析[J].江苏教育研究,(1):3-6.
[13]何光全,冯韶华(2012).尤根·罗森斯托克·胡塞[J].成人教育,(8):129.
[14]厉以贤(2000).学习社会的理念和建设[J].高等教育研究,(5):21-25.
[15]皮尔松,普森(2003).一生的护照:终身学习与未来社会的个人生存[M].北京:新世界出版社.
[16]任宝祥(1982).终身教育[J].西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),(1):113-117.
[17]E. L. Thorndike(1929).成人的学习[M].杜佐周,朱君毅.上海:商务印书馆:译序.
[18]Aspin, D. N.(2001). International Handbook of Lifelong Learning[M]. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
[19]Aspin, D. N.,&Chapman, J. D.(2007). Values Education and Lifelong Learning:Principles, Policies, Programmes[M]. Springer.
[20]Bagnall, R. G.(2004). Cautionary Tales in the Ethics of Lifelong Learning Policy and Management:A Book of Fables[M]. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
[21]Bruer, J. T.(1999). The Myth of the First Three Years:A New Understanding of Early Brain Development and Lifelong Learning[M]. Free Press.
[22]Burke, P. J.,&Jackson, S.(2007). Reconceptualising Lifelong Learning:Feminist Interventions[M]. Routledge.
[23]Carnegie Commission on Higher Education(1973).Toward a Learning Society:Alternative Channels to Life, Work,and Service[M]. McGraw-Hill:Foreword.
[24]Chapman, J., Cartwright, P.,&McGilp, E. J.(2006).Lifelong Learning, Participation And Equity[M]. Springer.
[25]Cranton, P.(1994). Understanding and Promoting Transformative Learning:A Guide to Theory and Practice[M].Jossey-Bass.
[26]Cropley, A. J.(1977). Lifelong Education:A Psycholoocal Analysis[M]. Pergamon Press.
[27]Curtis, B.(1997). Small Beginnings:First Steps to Prepare Your Toddler for Lifelong Learning[M].B&H Pub Group.
[28]Darkenwald, G. G.,&Merriam, S. B.(1982). Adult Education:Foundations of Practice[M]. New York:Harper and Row.
[29]Dave, R. H.,&Cropley, A. J.(1976). Foundations of Lifelong Education:Studies in Lifelong Education[M]. Pergamon Press.
[30]Dawson, J.(2018). Lifelong Learning:Education across the Lifespan[EB/OL].[2018-09-03]. http://www.tcrecord.org ID Number:11357.
[31]Durand, M.(2015). Human Activity, Social Practices and Lifelong Education:Francophone Perspectives[M]. Routledge.
[32]Fejes, A.,&Nicoll, K.(2008). Foucault and Lifelong Learning:Governing the Subject[M]. Routledge.
[33]Field, J.(2005). Social Capital and Lifelong Learning[M]. Policy Press.
[34]Freire, P.(1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed[M]. New York, Seabury Press.
[35]Gelpi, E.(1985). Lifelong Education and International Relations[M]. Croom Helm.
[36]Harrison, R., Reeve, F.,&Hanson, A. et al.(2002).Supporting lifelong learning[M]. London:Routledge Falmer.
[37]Holford, J., Jarvis, P.,&Griffin, C.(1998). International Perspectives on Lifelong Learning[M]. Taylor&Francis. Ltd.
[38]Houle, C. O.(1961). The Inquiring Mind[M]. Madison:University of Wisconsin Press.
[39]Houle, C. O.(1972). The Design of Education[M].Jossey-Bass.
[40]Houle, C. O.(1984). Patters of Learning[M]. Jossey-Bass.
[41]Houle, C. O.(1986). Continuing Learning in the Professions[M]. Jossey-Bass.
[42]Hutchins, R. M.(1968). The Learning Society[M]. New York:F. A. Praeger.
[43]Illich, I.(1971). Deschooling Society[M]. New York:Harper and Row.
[44]Inou, Y.(2007). Online Education for Lifelong Learning[M]. Information Science Pub.
[45]Jackson, S.(2011). Innovations in lifelong Learning:Critical Perspectives on Diversity, Participation and Vocational Learning[M]. Routledge.
[46]Jarvis, P.(1992). Paradoxes of Learning:On Becoming An Individual in Society[M].Jossey-Bass.
[47]Jarvis, P.(2006). Lifelong Learning and the Learning Society[M]. Routledge.
[48]Jarvis, P.(2009). The Routledge International Handbook of Lifelong Learning[M]. Routledge.
[49]Jensen, G., Liveright, A. A.,&Hallenbeck, W.(Eds.)(1964). Adult Education:Outlines of an Emerging Field of University Study[M]. Adult Education Association of the U.S.A.
[50]JoséRamón Flecha García(1997). El Aprendizaje de Las Personas Adultas a Traves Del Dialogo[M]. Rowman&Littlefield.
[51]Kidd, R. J.(1959). How Adults Learn[M]. Cambridge.
[52]Knapper, C. K.,&Cropley, A. K.(1983). Lifelong Learning and Higher Education[M]. Croom Helm.
[53]Knowles, M. S.(1950). Informal Adult Education[M].Association Press.
[54]Knowles, M. S.(1970). The Modern Practice of Adult Education, Andragogy Versus Pedagogy[M]. Prentice Hall/Cambridge.
[55]Knowles, M. S.(1973). The Adult Learner:A Neglected Species[M]. Gulf Publishing.
[56]Knowles, M. S.(1975). Self-Directed Learning:A Guide for Learners and Teachers[M]. Prentice Hall/Cambridge.
[57]Knowles, M. S.(1980). The Modern Practice of Adult Education:From Andragogy to Pedagogy[M]. Prentice Hall/Cambridge.
[58]Knowles, M. S.(1986). Using Learning Contracts[M].Jossey-Bass.
[59]Knust, M.,&Hanft, A.(2009). Continuing Higher Education and Lifelong Learning:An International Comparative Study on Structures, Organisation, and Provisions[M]. Springer.
[60]Leathwood, C.,&Francis, B.(2006). Gender and Lifelong Learning:Critical Feminist Engagements[M]. Routledge.
[61]Lengrand, P.(1970). An Introduction to Lifelong Education[M]. UNESCO.
[62]Merriam, S. B.(1993). The New Update on Adult Learning Theory[M]. Jossey-Bass.
[63]Mezirow, J.(2000). Learning as Transformation:Critical Perspectives on a Theory in Progres[M]. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass Inc.
[64]Nicoll, K.(2006). Flexibility and Lifelong Learning:Policy, Discourse and Politics[M].Routledge.
[65]Nomura, Y.(2002). Lifelong Integrated Education as a Creator of the Future 2 the Principles of Nomura Lifelong Integrated Education[Z].
[66]Ouane, A.(2003). Obituary-Paul Lengrand(1910-2003)[J]. International Review of Education, 49(5):3.
[67]Preece, J.(2009). Lifelong learning and development:a perspective from the ‘South’[J]. Compare:A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 39(5):585-599
[68]Regmi, K.D.(2012). Review of the Routledge International Handbook of Lifelong Learning[EB/OL].[2018-09-10].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/NATIONAL_HANDBOOK_OF_LIFELONG_LEARNING.
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(1)英文原文如下:Adult education must not be regarded as a luxury for a few exceptional persons here and there, nor as a thing which concerns only a short span of early manhood, but that adult education is a permanent national necessity, an inseparable aspect of citizenship, and therefore should be both universal and lifelong.
(2)以迪尔英爵士为主席的英国高等教育调查委员会经过一年多的调查研究,广泛征求社会各界意见,于1997年7月23日发表了题为《学习社会中的高等教育》的咨询报告。该报告系统地回顾了英国高等教育自本世纪60年代《罗宾斯报告》以来,特别是1992年教育改革法案以来英国高等教育的发展与现状。在回顾与评价的基础上,结合其他国家高等教育发展战略和21世纪国际经济发展趋势,为保持英国在国际竞争中的优势地位,对未来20年英国高等教育发展的战略和框架提出了全面建议。该报告的发表在英国各界引起了强烈反响。该报告长达170页,涵括93条建议,涉及英国高等教育各个领域,各界的反映也各有侧重。