风蚀胁迫对梭梭密度及个体大小不整齐性的影响
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摘要
以风蚀条件下梭梭灌丛为研究对象,调查不同地点灌丛梭梭密度变化,分别用2种大小不整齐性指数计算了不同发育阶段个体植株基径、树高等参数,分析了不同发育阶段梭梭个体间正负相互作用的净效应,探讨了平均个体生物量与2种大小不整齐性指数相关性。结果表明:风蚀强度越大,梭梭灌丛聚集密度越大,进入自疏的时间越早;不同地点种群大小不整齐性随风蚀强度的增加而下降,不同发育阶段间大小不整齐性也呈下降趋势,且前2个发育阶段明显高于后几个发育阶段;Gini系数与个体平均生物量相关性更好。
Taking the Haloxylon ammodendron shrub under wind erosion as the research object, the variation of shrub individual density in different locations was investigated and the size inequality of the parameters such as the base diameter and tree height in different developmental stages were calculated by using 2 sizes of inequality indexes. The analysis net effect of positive and negative interactions. The results show that the higher the wind erosion intensity, the higher the density of H. ammodendron shrubs, and the earlier the time of self-thinning; the size inequality of population in different locations decreases with the increase of wind erosion intensity; the size inequality also decreases during different developmental stages and the first two developmental stages are significantly higher than the later developmental stages. The correlation between the average individual biomass and the 2 size inequality index show that the Gini coefficient has a better correlation with the average biomass of the individual.
Taking the Haloxylon ammodendron shrub under wind erosion as the research object, the variation of shrub individual density in different locations was investigated and the size inequality of the parameters such as the base diameter and tree height in different developmental stages were calculated by using 2 sizes of inequality indexes. The analysis net effect of positive and negative interactions. The results show that the higher the wind erosion intensity, the higher the density of H. ammodendron shrubs, and the earlier the time of self-thinning; the size inequality of population in different locations decreases with the increase of wind erosion intensity; the size inequality also decreases during different developmental stages and the first two developmental stages are significantly higher than the later developmental stages. The correlation between the average individual biomass and the 2 size inequality index show that the Gini coefficient has a better correlation with the average biomass of the individual.
引文
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[4]Chu C J,Maestre F T,Xiao S,et al.Balance between facilitation and resource competition determines biomass-density relationships in plant populations[J].Ecology Letters,2008,11(11):1189-1197.
[5]Gross K.Positive interactions among competitors can produce species-rich communities[J].Ecology Letters,2008,11(9):929-936.
[6]Lin Y,Berger U,Yue M,et al.Asymmetric facilitation can reduce size inequality in plant populations resulting in delayed density-dependent mortality[J].Oikos,2016,125(8):1153-1161.
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[8]Chu C J,Weiner J,Maestre F T,et al.Positive interactions can increase size inequality in plant populations[J].Journal of Ecology,2009,97(6):1401-1407.
[9]Jia X,Dai X F,Shen Z X,et al.Facilitation can maintain clustered spatial pattern of plant populations during density-dependent mortality:insights from a zoneof-influence model[J].Oikos,2011,120(3):472-480.
[10]Zhang W P,Jia X,Damgaard C,et al.The interplay between above-and below-ground plant-plant interactions along an environmental gradient:insights from two-layer zone-of-influence models[J].Oikos,2013,122(8):1147-1156.
[11]Zhang R C,Lin Y,Yue M,et al.Effects of ultravioletB irradiance on intraspecific competition and facilitation of plants:self-thinning,size inequality,and phenotypic plasticity[J].PLoS One,2012,7(11):e50822.
[12]Xue L,Hagihara A,Tadaki Y,et al.Self-thinning in prince rupprecht's larch(larix principis-rupprechtii mayr)stands[J].Journal of Forest Research,1997,2(4):221-226.
[13]Brooker R W,Maestre F T,Callaway R M,et al.Facilitation in plant communities:the past,the present,and the future[J].Journal of Ecology,2008,96(1):18-36.
[14]Maestre F T,Callaway R M,Valladares F,et al.Refining the stress-gradient hypothesis for competition and facilitation in plant communities[J].Journal of Ecology,2009,97(2):199-205.
[15]赵文智,刘志民,常学礼.降水量下限引种区沙地樟子松幼林种群树高分布偏斜度和不整齐性[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(1):6-10.
[16]Weiner J,Solbrig O T.The meaning and measurement of size hierarchies in plant populations[J].Oecologia,1984,61(3):334-336.
[17]Knox R G,Peet R K,Christensen N L.Population dynamics in loblolly Pine stands:changes in skewness and size inequality[J].Ecology,1989,70(4):1153-1167.
[18]Zhang W P,Jia X,Wang G X.Facilitation among plants can accelerate density-dependent mortality and steepen self-thinning lines in stressful environments[J].Oikos,2017,126(8):1197-1207.
[19]宋于洋,楚光明,胡晓静.古尔班通古特沙漠梭梭种群径级与龄级关系的研究[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(4):808-814.
[20]Weiner J,Stoll P,Muller-Landau H,et al.The effects of density,spatial pattern,and competitive symmetry on size variation in simulated plant populations[J].The American Naturalist,2001,158(4):438-450.
[21]杨雨华,李文龙,黄鹏,等.钾肥与覆膜调控对兰州百合生长及个体大小不整齐性的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(5):217-222.
[22]Du Y J,Li Z Z,Li W L.Effect of water control and plastic‐film mulch on growth and the range of size inequalities in spring wheat(Triticum aestivum)populations[J].New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science,2005,33(3):251-260.