稻蟹共作模式对土壤微生物量氮和酶活性的影响
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摘要
为探索稻蟹共作系统中微生物量氮(MBN)含量和酶活性的动态变化,在辽宁盘锦开展田间试验,试验采用2因素裂区设计,以养蟹为主因素,施肥为副因素,设置4个处理,即单作稻不施氮肥处理(R0M)、稻蟹共作不施氮肥处理(R0C)、单作稻施氮肥处理(R1M)和稻蟹共作施氮肥处理(R1C)。结果表明,施肥显著提高0～20. 0cm土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N和MBN的含量,显著提高0～20.0 cm土壤脲酶、蛋白酶和脱氢酶的活性,以及0～10. 0 cm土壤过氧化氢酶活性。养蟹对土壤NH4+-N和NO3--N含量影响较小,在施肥条件下,养蟹显著提高0～20. 0 cm土层土壤MBN含量,在不施肥稻田中,养蟹对土壤MBN的影响较小。养蟹显著提高0～10. 0 cm土壤脲酶和蛋白酶活性以及0～20. 0 cm土壤脱氢酶活性,对10.1～20. 0 cm土壤脲酶活性、蛋白酶活性和0～20. 0 cm土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响较小。因此,稻蟹共作模式可以在一定程度上提高土壤MBN含量和酶活性,增强酶在土壤氮素转换过程中的积极作用,提高土壤氮素的有效性。
To study the effects of rice-crab culture on soil microbial biomass nitrogen( MBN) and enzyme activity at soil depths of 0-10. 0 cm and 10.1-20. 0 cm,a field experiment was conducted in Panjin,Liaoning province.A split-plot design with two factors was arranged in this experiment,taking crab as the main factor and fertilizer as sub-factors. The treatments included rice monoculture without fertilizer( R0 M),rice-crab culture without fertilizer( R0 C),rice monoculture with fertilizer( R1 M) and rice-crab culture with fertilizer( R1 C). The results showed that the concentrations of NH+4-N,NO-3-N and MBN in the 0-20. 0 cm soil layers,the activities of urease,protease and dehydrogenase in the 0-20. 0 cm soil layers as well as the activity of catalase in 0-10. 0 cm soil layer were improved by the utilization of fertilizer. Crab rearing in rice field had less effect on concentrations of NH+4-N and NO-3-N. Compared with R1 M treatment,R1 C treatment significantly increased the MBN content in the 0-20. 0 cm soil layers,whereas there was little difference between R0 M and R0 C treatments. The activities of urease,protease in the 0-10. 0 cm soil layer and dehydrogenase activity in the 0-20. 0 cm soil layers in rice-crab culture system were significantly higher than those in the rice monoculture system,but there were no significant differences in the activities of urease,protease in the 10.1-20. 0 cm soil layer and catalase activity in the 0-20. 0 cm soil layers between the two culture systems. The results suggested that rice-crab culture system could improve the soil MBN content and enzyme activities to a certain extent and stimulate the activity of the enzyme in soil nitrogen transformation,which could promote the effectiveness of nitrogen during the rice growth.
To study the effects of rice-crab culture on soil microbial biomass nitrogen( MBN) and enzyme activity at soil depths of 0-10. 0 cm and 10.1-20. 0 cm,a field experiment was conducted in Panjin,Liaoning province.A split-plot design with two factors was arranged in this experiment,taking crab as the main factor and fertilizer as sub-factors. The treatments included rice monoculture without fertilizer( R0 M),rice-crab culture without fertilizer( R0 C),rice monoculture with fertilizer( R1 M) and rice-crab culture with fertilizer( R1 C). The results showed that the concentrations of NH+4-N,NO-3-N and MBN in the 0-20. 0 cm soil layers,the activities of urease,protease and dehydrogenase in the 0-20. 0 cm soil layers as well as the activity of catalase in 0-10. 0 cm soil layer were improved by the utilization of fertilizer. Crab rearing in rice field had less effect on concentrations of NH+4-N and NO-3-N. Compared with R1 M treatment,R1 C treatment significantly increased the MBN content in the 0-20. 0 cm soil layers,whereas there was little difference between R0 M and R0 C treatments. The activities of urease,protease in the 0-10. 0 cm soil layer and dehydrogenase activity in the 0-20. 0 cm soil layers in rice-crab culture system were significantly higher than those in the rice monoculture system,but there were no significant differences in the activities of urease,protease in the 10.1-20. 0 cm soil layer and catalase activity in the 0-20. 0 cm soil layers between the two culture systems. The results suggested that rice-crab culture system could improve the soil MBN content and enzyme activities to a certain extent and stimulate the activity of the enzyme in soil nitrogen transformation,which could promote the effectiveness of nitrogen during the rice growth.
引文
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[2]张彭良,李静,王丹丹.生物有机肥对春小麦生理特性及土壤养分和微生物的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(9):66-72.
[3] TRACY B F,FRANK D A. Herbivore influence on soil microbialbiomass and nitrogen mineralization in a northern grassland ecosys-tem:Yellowstone National Park[J]. Oecologia,1998,114(4):556-562.
[4]黄芬,韦红群,曹建华.土壤微生物对玉米秸秆还田的响应特征———亚热带石灰土与红壤的典型对比[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(1):22-29.
[5]吴晶,王娟娟,朱腾义,等.不同施肥和栽培措施对水稻土壤微生物多样性的影响综述[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(10):14-17.
[6]臧逸飞,郝明德,张丽琼,等. 26年长期施肥对土壤微生物量碳、氮及土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1445-1451.
[7] ANDERSON J P E,DOMSCH K H. Quantities of plant nutrientsin the microbial biomass of selected soils[J]. Soil Science,2006,171(6):S106-S111.
[8]王传杰,肖婧,蔡岸冬,等.不同气候与施肥条件下农田土壤微生物生物量特征与容量分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(6):1067-1075.
[9]徐明岗,李玲,苗惠田,等.有机-无机配施对农田土壤微生物量碳氮的影响研究[J].绿洲农业科学与工程,2016(1):19-25.
[10]唐先亮,魏甲彬,周玲红,等.耕作方式对稻田土壤微生物量碳氮的动态影响[J].作物研究,2016,30(3):282-287.
[11]李成芳,曹凑贵,徐拥华,等.稻鸭与稻鱼生态系统土壤微生物量N和土壤酶活性动态[J].生态学报,2008,28(8):3905-3912.
[12]王理德,王方琳,郭春秀,等.土壤酶学硏究进展[J].土壤,2016,48(1):12-21.
[13] CHATTERJEE D,MOHANTY S,GURU P K,et al. Comparativeassessment of urea briquette applicators on greenhouse gas emis-sion,nitrogen loss and soil enzymatic activities in tropical lowlandrice[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2018,252:178-190.
[14]肖新,朱伟,肖靓,等.适宜的水氮处理提高稻基农田土壤酶活性和土壤微生物量碳氮[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(21):91-98.
[15]王学娟,周玉梅,王秀秀,等.长白山苔原生态系统土壤酶活性及微生物生物量对增温的响应[J].土壤学报,2014,51(1):166-175.
[16]王保君,王伟,胡乃娟,等.麦秸还田下水氮管理对稻田土壤养分、酶活性及碳库的短期影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(5):957-964.
[17]唐玉姝,慈恩,颜廷梅,等.长期定位施肥对太湖地区稻麦轮作土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2008,40(5):732-737.
[18]王昂,王武,马旭洲.稻蟹共作模式的发展历程和前景展望[J].东北农业科学,2013,38(3):89-92.
[19] SI G,YUAN J,XU X,et al. Effects of an integrated rice-crayfishfarming system on soil organic carbon,enzyme activity,and micro-bial diversity in waterlogged paddy soil[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(1):29-35.
[20]安辉,刘鸣达,王耀晶,等.不同稻蟹生产模式对土壤活性有机碳和酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(15):4753-4761.
[21]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M]. 3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[22]宋歌,孙波,教剑英.测定土壤硝态氮的紫外分光光度法与其他方法的比较[J].土壤学报,2007,44(2):288-293.
[23]肖新,邓艳萍,汪建飞,等.不同节水稻作模式对土壤微生物数量和微生物量碳氮的影响[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(2):62-65.
[24]关荫松.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[25]杨兰芳,曾巧,李海波,等.紫外分光光度法测定土壤过氧化氢酶活性[J].土壤通报,2011,42(1):207-210.
[26]蔡红,沈仁芳.改良茚三酮比色法测定土壤蛋白酶活性的研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(2):306-313.
[27]汤宏,沈健林,张杨珠,等.秸秆还田与水分管理对稻田土壤微生物量碳、氮及溶解性有机碳、氮的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(1):240-246.
[28]赵先丽,吕国红,于文颖,等.辽宁省不同土地利用对土壤微生物量碳氮的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(10):1966-1970.
[29]汤宏,沈健林,刘杰云,等.稻秸的不同组分对水稻土微生物量碳氮及可溶性有机碳氮的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(4):264-271.
[30]周玲红,魏甲彬,唐先亮,等.冬季种养结合对稻田土壤微生物量及有效碳氮库的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(11):103-114.
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