多元·创新·融合·卓越——美国研究型大学实验类新生研讨课之活力
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摘要
以美国两所不同类型的研究型大学的实验类新生研讨课为案例,从微观的视角分析其课程目标、课程内容、课程实施以及课程评价四个方面,并通过研究总结得出其生存的课程生态系统为:以多元为教育理念的课程目标、以创新为逻辑主线组织课程内容、注入以融合为价值取向的课程实施、以卓越为人才培养落脚点的课程评价。最后,通过分析为我国研究型大学实验类新生研讨课的课程设计与实施提出四点建议:构建分层次实验课程体系、强化对学生创新能力培养、革新课堂教学模式以及注重课程评价的学理化。
This paper takes the experimental freshmen seminar in two different types of American research-oriented universities as the cases and analyzes the objectives,content,implementation and evaluation of curriculum from the microcosmic perspective.The research finds that the curriculum ecosystem which includes curriculum objectives on the educational ideas of diversity;curriculum content using innovation as a logic mainline;course implementation taking integration as the value orientation;and,course evaluation using excellence as the ultimate goal of talent training.In the end,this paper puts forward four suggestions for the curriculum design and implementation of the freshman seminar in China's research-oriented universities:1)to construct the hierarchical experimental course system;2)to strengthen the cultivation of students' innovative ability;3)to reform the classroom teaching mode;and,4)to focus on curriculum evaluation.
This paper takes the experimental freshmen seminar in two different types of American research-oriented universities as the cases and analyzes the objectives,content,implementation and evaluation of curriculum from the microcosmic perspective.The research finds that the curriculum ecosystem which includes curriculum objectives on the educational ideas of diversity;curriculum content using innovation as a logic mainline;course implementation taking integration as the value orientation;and,course evaluation using excellence as the ultimate goal of talent training.In the end,this paper puts forward four suggestions for the curriculum design and implementation of the freshman seminar in China's research-oriented universities:1)to construct the hierarchical experimental course system;2)to strengthen the cultivation of students' innovative ability;3)to reform the classroom teaching mode;and,4)to focus on curriculum evaluation.
引文
[1]国务院关于印发统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设总体方案的通知[EB/OL].[2017-07-20].http://www.gov.cn,zhengce/content/2015-11/05/content_10269.htm.
[2]中华人民共和国高等教育法[EB/OL].[2017-07-20].http://www.gov.cn/banshi/2005-05/25/content_927.
[3]WENDY K.The Boyer Commission Report and Its Impact on Undergraduate Research.New Directions for Teaching and Learning,2003(93):19-38.
[4]Freshman Seminars for the Academic Year 2017-18[EB/OL].[2017-07-20].https://www.Princeton.edu/pub/frs/ay201718.
[5]Freshman Seminars in the Residential Colleges[EB/OL].[2017-07-20].http://www.princeton.edu/pub/frs.
[6]Advising:Freshman Advising Seminar Descriptions[EB/OL].[2017-07-20].http://web.mit.edu/firstyear/fas.
[7]董婷,王唯.实验类新生研讨课的探索与思考[J].实验技术与管理,2016(5).
[8]卢达溶,汤彬.挖掘科研积累,丰富教学资源,为本科教学服务——“实验室科研探究”大型选修课程的建设与实践[J].实验技术与管理,2007(12):1-3.
[9]崔国富,朱美英.“从做中学”与教育的生存论解读——杜威实用主义生存论学习与教育思想探析[J].外国教育研究,2005(4):15-19.
[2]中华人民共和国高等教育法[EB/OL].[2017-07-20].http://www.gov.cn/banshi/2005-05/25/content_927.
[3]WENDY K.The Boyer Commission Report and Its Impact on Undergraduate Research.New Directions for Teaching and Learning,2003(93):19-38.
[4]Freshman Seminars for the Academic Year 2017-18[EB/OL].[2017-07-20].https://www.Princeton.edu/pub/frs/ay201718.
[5]Freshman Seminars in the Residential Colleges[EB/OL].[2017-07-20].http://www.princeton.edu/pub/frs.
[6]Advising:Freshman Advising Seminar Descriptions[EB/OL].[2017-07-20].http://web.mit.edu/firstyear/fas.
[7]董婷,王唯.实验类新生研讨课的探索与思考[J].实验技术与管理,2016(5).
[8]卢达溶,汤彬.挖掘科研积累,丰富教学资源,为本科教学服务——“实验室科研探究”大型选修课程的建设与实践[J].实验技术与管理,2007(12):1-3.
[9]崔国富,朱美英.“从做中学”与教育的生存论解读——杜威实用主义生存论学习与教育思想探析[J].外国教育研究,2005(4):15-19.