考虑细观组分影响的混凝土宏观力学性能理论预测模型
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摘要
混凝土宏观力学性能与其内部细观结构构造密切相关。该文建立了一类能够考虑细观组分影响的混凝土宏观力学性能理论预测模型。首先,采用细观力学数值试验法对理论模型中的参数进行了标定;进而,基于该模型对混凝土断裂能和单轴抗拉强度在材料层次的尺寸效应行为进行了分析。结果表明:混凝土断裂能和单轴抗拉强度均随骨料级配(即最大骨料粒径)发生变化,且受到界面特性的影响。当界面过渡区力学性能相对薄弱时,混凝土强度较低,断裂能和单轴抗拉强度随骨料级配增大而呈现减小的趋势;当界面过渡区力学性能较强时,混凝土强度较高,断裂能和单轴抗拉强度随骨料级配增大亦呈现增大的趋势。计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,验证了该文建立的理论预测模型的准确性和合理性。
The macroscopic mechanical properties of concrete are highly related to its internal mesoscopic composition. This paper presents a theoretical prediction model of concrete macroscopic mechanical properties considering the mesoscopic composition. Firstly, the parameters in the theoretical model are calibrated by meso-scale numerical tests. Then, the size effect of the concrete fracture energy and the uniaxial tensile strength in material-level is analyzed based on the proposed model. The results show that the concrete fracture energy and the uniaxial tensile strength both vary with the aggregate gradation(i.e. the maximum aggregate size), and they are also influenced by the characteristics of aggregate-matrix interface. When the aggregate-matrix interfaces are weak, the concrete strength is low, and the concrete fracture energy and the uniaxial tensile strength both decrease with the increase of the aggregate gradation. When the aggregate-matrix interfaces are relatively strong, the concrete strength is high, and the concrete fracture energy and the uniaxial tensile strength both increase with the increase of the aggregate gradation. The calculation results are in good agreement with the test results and verify the accuracy and rationality of the theoretical prediction model established in this paper.
The macroscopic mechanical properties of concrete are highly related to its internal mesoscopic composition. This paper presents a theoretical prediction model of concrete macroscopic mechanical properties considering the mesoscopic composition. Firstly, the parameters in the theoretical model are calibrated by meso-scale numerical tests. Then, the size effect of the concrete fracture energy and the uniaxial tensile strength in material-level is analyzed based on the proposed model. The results show that the concrete fracture energy and the uniaxial tensile strength both vary with the aggregate gradation(i.e. the maximum aggregate size), and they are also influenced by the characteristics of aggregate-matrix interface. When the aggregate-matrix interfaces are weak, the concrete strength is low, and the concrete fracture energy and the uniaxial tensile strength both decrease with the increase of the aggregate gradation. When the aggregate-matrix interfaces are relatively strong, the concrete strength is high, and the concrete fracture energy and the uniaxial tensile strength both increase with the increase of the aggregate gradation. The calculation results are in good agreement with the test results and verify the accuracy and rationality of the theoretical prediction model established in this paper.
引文
[1]Ba?ant Z P,Planas J.Fracture and size effect in concrete and other quasibrittle materials[M].New York:CRCpress,1998,7-15.
[2]刘兴阳,邹德高,李占超.混凝土名义强度的尺寸效应研究[J].建筑材料学报,2017,20(5):680-684.Liu Xingyang,Zou Degao,Li Zhanchao.Study on size effect of concrete nominal strength[J].Journal of Building Materials,2017,20(5):680-684.(in Chinese)
[3]杜修力,金浏,李冬.混凝土与混凝土结构尺寸效应述评(Ⅰ):材料层次[J].土木工程学报,2017,50(9):28-45.Du Xiuli,Jin Liu,Li Dong.A state-of-the-art review on the size effect of concretes and concrete structures(Ⅰ):Concrete materials[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2017,50(9):28-45.(in Chinese)
[4]杜修力,金浏,李冬.混凝土与混凝土结构尺寸效应述评(Ⅱ):构件层次[J].土木工程学报,2017,50(11):24-44.Du Xiuli,Jin Liu,Li Dong.A state-of-the-art review on the size effect of concretes and concrete structures(Ⅱ):RC members[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2017,50(11):24-44.(in Chinese)
[5]石建光,许岳周,叶志明.骨料级配对混凝土性能影响的细观分析[J].工程力学,2009,26(4):134-138.Shi Jianguang,Xu Yuezhou,Ye Zhiming.Mesoanalysis of concrete behavior due to effect of aggregate gradation[J].Engineering Mechanics,2009,26(4):134-138.(in Chinese)
[6]杜敏,金浏,李冬,等.粗骨料粒径对混凝土弯拉强度尺寸效应影响的试验研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2016,42(6):912-918.Du Min,Jin Liu,Li Dong,et al.Experimental study of the influence of coarse aggregate size on the size effect of concrete flexural strength[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2016,42(6):912-918.(in Chinese)
[7]杜敏,金浏,李冬,等.骨料粒径对混凝土劈拉性能及尺寸效应影响的细观数值研究[J].工程力学,2017,34(9):54-63.Du Min,Jin Liu,Li Dong,et al.Mesoscopic simulation study of the influence of aggregate size on mechanical properties and specimen size effect of concrete subjected to splitting tensile loading[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(9):54-63.(in Chinese)
[8]Scrivener K L,Crumbie A K,Laugesen P.The interfacial transition zone(ITZ)between cement paste and aggregate in concrete[J].Interface Science,2004,12(4):411-421.
[9]董芸,杨华全,张亮,等.骨料界面特性对混凝土力学性能的影响[J].建筑材料学报,2014,17(4):598-605.Dong Yun,Yang Quanhua,Zhang Liang,et al.Effects of aggregate interface characteristics on the mechanical property of concrete[J].Journal of Building Materials,2014,17(4):598-605.
[10]DL/T 5330―2015,水工混凝土配合比设计规程[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2015.DL/T 5330―2015,Code for mix design of hydraulic concrete[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2015.(in Chinese)
[11]Hughes B P,Chapman G P.The deformation of concrete and micro-concrete in compression and tension with particular reference to aggregate size[J].Magazine Concrete Research,1966,18(54):19-24.
[12]Thomas T C,Slate F O.Tensile bond strength between aggregate and cement paste or mortar[C].ACI Journal Proceedings,1963,60(4):465-486.
[13]Tsiskreli G D,Dzhavakhidze A N.The effect of aggregate size on strength and deformation of concrete[J].Hydrotechnical Construction,1970,4(5):448-453.
[14]Saouma V E,Broz J J,Brühwiler E,et al.Effect of aggregate and specimen size on fracture properties of dam concrete[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,1991,3(3):204-218.
[15]Deng Z,Li Q.Effect of aggregate type on mechanical behavior of dam concrete[J].ACI Materials Journal,2004,101(6):483-492.
[16]Ak?ao?lu T,Tokyay M,?elik T.Effect of coarse aggregate size and matrix quality on ITZ and failure behavior of concrete under uniaxial compression[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2004,26(6):633-638.
[17]苏捷,方志.不同骨料组分混凝土立方体抗压强度尺寸效应试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2014,35(2):152-157.Su Jie,Fang Zhi.Experimental study on impact of aggregate mixture on dimensional effect of concrete cubic compressive strength[J].Journal of Building Structures,2014,35(2):152-157.(in Chinese)
[18]阮征,陈力,洪建,等.骨料和砂浆等影响混凝土强度的细观层次机理分析[J].建筑材料学报,2014,17(6):952-958.Ruan Zheng,Chen Li,Hong Jian,et al.Mesoscopic analysis on the mechanism of effects of aggregate and mortar on concrete strength[J].Journal of Building Materials,2014,17(6):952-958.(in Chinese)
[19]周尚志,谌林,刘明群.骨料对混凝土力学性能的影响分析[J].建筑材料学报,2016,19(1):143―148.Zhou Shangzhi,Zhan Lin,Liu Mingqun.Analysis on effect of aggragate on mechanical property of concrete[J]Journal of Building Materials,2016,19(1):143-148.(in Chinese)
[20]Uddin M T,Mahmood A H,Kamal M R I,et al.Effects of maximum size of brick aggregate on properties of concrete[J].Construction and Building Materials,2017,134:713-726.
[21]Meddah M S,Zitouni S,Belaabes S.Effect of content and particle size distribution of coarse aggregate on the compressive strength of concrete[J].Construction and Building Materials,2010,24(4):505-512.
[22]Su R K L,Cheng B.The effect of coarse aggregate size on the stress-strain curves of concrete under uniaxial compression[J].Hkie Transactions,2008,15(3):33-39.
[23]Zhang J,Liu Q,Wang L.Effect of coarse aggregate size on stress crack opening relationship in normal and high strength concrete[J].Journal of Materials Science and Technology,2005,21(5):691-700.
[24]Petersson P E.Fracture energy of concrete:Practical performance and experimental results[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1980,10(1):91-101.
[25]Tasdemir C,Tasdemir M A,Lydon F D,et al.Effects of silica fume and aggregate size on the brittleness of concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1996,26(1):63-68.
[26]Wu K,Chen B,Yao W.Study of the influence of aggregate size distribution on mechanical properties of concrete by acoustic emission technique[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2001,31(6):919-923.
[27]Rao G A,Prasad B K.Fracture energy and softening behavior of high-strength concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2002,32(2):247-252.
[28]Wu K R,Yan A,Yao W,et al.The influence of RPCA on the strength and fracture toughness of HPC[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2002,32(3):351-355.
[29]Chen B,Liu J.Effect of aggregate on the fracture behavior of high strength concrete[J].Construction and Building Materials,2004,18(8):585-590.
[30]Ohno K,Uji K,Ueno A,et al.Fracture process zone in notched concrete beam under three-point bending by acoustic emission[J].Construction and Building Materials,2014,67(6):139-145.
[31]管俊峰,李庆斌,吴智敏,等.确定现场浇筑全级配水工混凝土双K断裂参数的最小试件尺寸[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2016,24(6):1219-1231.Guan Junfeng,Li Qingbin,Wu Zhimin,et al.Determination of minimum size for double K fracture parameters of site-casting fully-graded hydraulic concrete[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2016,24(6):1219-1231.(in Chinese)
[32]Ba?ant Z P.Size effect in blunt fracture:concrete,rock,metal[J].ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1984,110(4):518-535.
[33]Carpinteri A,Cornetti P,Puzzi S.A stereological analysis of aggregate grading and size effect on concrete tensile strength[J].International Journal of Fracture,2004,128(1-4):233-242.
[34]管俊峰,王强,Hu Xiaozhi,等.考虑骨料尺寸的混凝土岩石边界效应断裂模型[J].工程力学,2017,34(12):22-30.Guan Junfeng,Wang Qiang,Hu Xiaozhi,et al.Boundary effect fracture model for concrete and granite considering aggregate size[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(12):22-30.(in Chinese)
[35]李冬,金浏,杜修力,等.骨料级配对二维模型混凝土单轴抗拉强度影响的理论研究[J].工程力学,2017,34(6):64-72.Li Dong,Jin Liu,Du Xiuli,et al.A theoretical study on the influence of aggregate gradation on the tensile strength of2-dimensional model concrete[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(6):64-72.(in Chinese)
[36]RossellóC,Elices M.Fracture of model concrete:1.Types of fracture and crack path[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2004,34(8):1441-1450.
[37]RossellóC,Elices M,Guinea G V.Fracture of model concrete:2.Fracture energy and characteristic length[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2006,36(7):1345-1353.
[38]Elices M,Rocco C G.Effect of aggregate size on the fracture and mechanical properties of a simple concrete[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2008,75(13):3839-3851.
[39]Unger J F,Eckardt S.Multiscale modeling of concrete[J].Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering,2011,18(3):341.
[40]Song Z,Lu Y.Mesoscopic analysis of concrete under excessively high strain rate compression and implications on interpretation of test data[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2008,35(6):41―55.
[41]Lee J,Fenves G L.Plastic-damage model for cyclic loading of concrete structures[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1998,124(8):892-900.
[42]周甲佳,潘金龙,梁坚凝,等.尺寸效应对水泥净浆与粗骨料界面黏结性能的影响[J].建筑材料学报,2012,15(5):712-716.Zhou Jiajia,Pan Jinlong,Liang Jianning,et al.Influence of size effect on bonding performance between coarse aggregate and cement paste[J].Journal of Building Materials,2012,15(5):712-716.(in Chinese)
[2]刘兴阳,邹德高,李占超.混凝土名义强度的尺寸效应研究[J].建筑材料学报,2017,20(5):680-684.Liu Xingyang,Zou Degao,Li Zhanchao.Study on size effect of concrete nominal strength[J].Journal of Building Materials,2017,20(5):680-684.(in Chinese)
[3]杜修力,金浏,李冬.混凝土与混凝土结构尺寸效应述评(Ⅰ):材料层次[J].土木工程学报,2017,50(9):28-45.Du Xiuli,Jin Liu,Li Dong.A state-of-the-art review on the size effect of concretes and concrete structures(Ⅰ):Concrete materials[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2017,50(9):28-45.(in Chinese)
[4]杜修力,金浏,李冬.混凝土与混凝土结构尺寸效应述评(Ⅱ):构件层次[J].土木工程学报,2017,50(11):24-44.Du Xiuli,Jin Liu,Li Dong.A state-of-the-art review on the size effect of concretes and concrete structures(Ⅱ):RC members[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2017,50(11):24-44.(in Chinese)
[5]石建光,许岳周,叶志明.骨料级配对混凝土性能影响的细观分析[J].工程力学,2009,26(4):134-138.Shi Jianguang,Xu Yuezhou,Ye Zhiming.Mesoanalysis of concrete behavior due to effect of aggregate gradation[J].Engineering Mechanics,2009,26(4):134-138.(in Chinese)
[6]杜敏,金浏,李冬,等.粗骨料粒径对混凝土弯拉强度尺寸效应影响的试验研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2016,42(6):912-918.Du Min,Jin Liu,Li Dong,et al.Experimental study of the influence of coarse aggregate size on the size effect of concrete flexural strength[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2016,42(6):912-918.(in Chinese)
[7]杜敏,金浏,李冬,等.骨料粒径对混凝土劈拉性能及尺寸效应影响的细观数值研究[J].工程力学,2017,34(9):54-63.Du Min,Jin Liu,Li Dong,et al.Mesoscopic simulation study of the influence of aggregate size on mechanical properties and specimen size effect of concrete subjected to splitting tensile loading[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(9):54-63.(in Chinese)
[8]Scrivener K L,Crumbie A K,Laugesen P.The interfacial transition zone(ITZ)between cement paste and aggregate in concrete[J].Interface Science,2004,12(4):411-421.
[9]董芸,杨华全,张亮,等.骨料界面特性对混凝土力学性能的影响[J].建筑材料学报,2014,17(4):598-605.Dong Yun,Yang Quanhua,Zhang Liang,et al.Effects of aggregate interface characteristics on the mechanical property of concrete[J].Journal of Building Materials,2014,17(4):598-605.
[10]DL/T 5330―2015,水工混凝土配合比设计规程[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2015.DL/T 5330―2015,Code for mix design of hydraulic concrete[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2015.(in Chinese)
[11]Hughes B P,Chapman G P.The deformation of concrete and micro-concrete in compression and tension with particular reference to aggregate size[J].Magazine Concrete Research,1966,18(54):19-24.
[12]Thomas T C,Slate F O.Tensile bond strength between aggregate and cement paste or mortar[C].ACI Journal Proceedings,1963,60(4):465-486.
[13]Tsiskreli G D,Dzhavakhidze A N.The effect of aggregate size on strength and deformation of concrete[J].Hydrotechnical Construction,1970,4(5):448-453.
[14]Saouma V E,Broz J J,Brühwiler E,et al.Effect of aggregate and specimen size on fracture properties of dam concrete[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,1991,3(3):204-218.
[15]Deng Z,Li Q.Effect of aggregate type on mechanical behavior of dam concrete[J].ACI Materials Journal,2004,101(6):483-492.
[16]Ak?ao?lu T,Tokyay M,?elik T.Effect of coarse aggregate size and matrix quality on ITZ and failure behavior of concrete under uniaxial compression[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2004,26(6):633-638.
[17]苏捷,方志.不同骨料组分混凝土立方体抗压强度尺寸效应试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2014,35(2):152-157.Su Jie,Fang Zhi.Experimental study on impact of aggregate mixture on dimensional effect of concrete cubic compressive strength[J].Journal of Building Structures,2014,35(2):152-157.(in Chinese)
[18]阮征,陈力,洪建,等.骨料和砂浆等影响混凝土强度的细观层次机理分析[J].建筑材料学报,2014,17(6):952-958.Ruan Zheng,Chen Li,Hong Jian,et al.Mesoscopic analysis on the mechanism of effects of aggregate and mortar on concrete strength[J].Journal of Building Materials,2014,17(6):952-958.(in Chinese)
[19]周尚志,谌林,刘明群.骨料对混凝土力学性能的影响分析[J].建筑材料学报,2016,19(1):143―148.Zhou Shangzhi,Zhan Lin,Liu Mingqun.Analysis on effect of aggragate on mechanical property of concrete[J]Journal of Building Materials,2016,19(1):143-148.(in Chinese)
[20]Uddin M T,Mahmood A H,Kamal M R I,et al.Effects of maximum size of brick aggregate on properties of concrete[J].Construction and Building Materials,2017,134:713-726.
[21]Meddah M S,Zitouni S,Belaabes S.Effect of content and particle size distribution of coarse aggregate on the compressive strength of concrete[J].Construction and Building Materials,2010,24(4):505-512.
[22]Su R K L,Cheng B.The effect of coarse aggregate size on the stress-strain curves of concrete under uniaxial compression[J].Hkie Transactions,2008,15(3):33-39.
[23]Zhang J,Liu Q,Wang L.Effect of coarse aggregate size on stress crack opening relationship in normal and high strength concrete[J].Journal of Materials Science and Technology,2005,21(5):691-700.
[24]Petersson P E.Fracture energy of concrete:Practical performance and experimental results[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1980,10(1):91-101.
[25]Tasdemir C,Tasdemir M A,Lydon F D,et al.Effects of silica fume and aggregate size on the brittleness of concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1996,26(1):63-68.
[26]Wu K,Chen B,Yao W.Study of the influence of aggregate size distribution on mechanical properties of concrete by acoustic emission technique[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2001,31(6):919-923.
[27]Rao G A,Prasad B K.Fracture energy and softening behavior of high-strength concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2002,32(2):247-252.
[28]Wu K R,Yan A,Yao W,et al.The influence of RPCA on the strength and fracture toughness of HPC[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2002,32(3):351-355.
[29]Chen B,Liu J.Effect of aggregate on the fracture behavior of high strength concrete[J].Construction and Building Materials,2004,18(8):585-590.
[30]Ohno K,Uji K,Ueno A,et al.Fracture process zone in notched concrete beam under three-point bending by acoustic emission[J].Construction and Building Materials,2014,67(6):139-145.
[31]管俊峰,李庆斌,吴智敏,等.确定现场浇筑全级配水工混凝土双K断裂参数的最小试件尺寸[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2016,24(6):1219-1231.Guan Junfeng,Li Qingbin,Wu Zhimin,et al.Determination of minimum size for double K fracture parameters of site-casting fully-graded hydraulic concrete[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2016,24(6):1219-1231.(in Chinese)
[32]Ba?ant Z P.Size effect in blunt fracture:concrete,rock,metal[J].ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1984,110(4):518-535.
[33]Carpinteri A,Cornetti P,Puzzi S.A stereological analysis of aggregate grading and size effect on concrete tensile strength[J].International Journal of Fracture,2004,128(1-4):233-242.
[34]管俊峰,王强,Hu Xiaozhi,等.考虑骨料尺寸的混凝土岩石边界效应断裂模型[J].工程力学,2017,34(12):22-30.Guan Junfeng,Wang Qiang,Hu Xiaozhi,et al.Boundary effect fracture model for concrete and granite considering aggregate size[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(12):22-30.(in Chinese)
[35]李冬,金浏,杜修力,等.骨料级配对二维模型混凝土单轴抗拉强度影响的理论研究[J].工程力学,2017,34(6):64-72.Li Dong,Jin Liu,Du Xiuli,et al.A theoretical study on the influence of aggregate gradation on the tensile strength of2-dimensional model concrete[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(6):64-72.(in Chinese)
[36]RossellóC,Elices M.Fracture of model concrete:1.Types of fracture and crack path[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2004,34(8):1441-1450.
[37]RossellóC,Elices M,Guinea G V.Fracture of model concrete:2.Fracture energy and characteristic length[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2006,36(7):1345-1353.
[38]Elices M,Rocco C G.Effect of aggregate size on the fracture and mechanical properties of a simple concrete[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2008,75(13):3839-3851.
[39]Unger J F,Eckardt S.Multiscale modeling of concrete[J].Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering,2011,18(3):341.
[40]Song Z,Lu Y.Mesoscopic analysis of concrete under excessively high strain rate compression and implications on interpretation of test data[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2008,35(6):41―55.
[41]Lee J,Fenves G L.Plastic-damage model for cyclic loading of concrete structures[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1998,124(8):892-900.
[42]周甲佳,潘金龙,梁坚凝,等.尺寸效应对水泥净浆与粗骨料界面黏结性能的影响[J].建筑材料学报,2012,15(5):712-716.Zhou Jiajia,Pan Jinlong,Liang Jianning,et al.Influence of size effect on bonding performance between coarse aggregate and cement paste[J].Journal of Building Materials,2012,15(5):712-716.(in Chinese)