低纬高原水稻抽扬期低温冷害指标及其时空变化规律研究
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摘要
针对云南水稻抽扬期低温冷害,结合云南气候特点,采用气象数据、空壳率数据,应用相关分析及抽象模拟等方法,确定云南低纬高原地区水稻抽扬期低温冷害指标,并应用该指标分析云南水稻抽扬期低温冷害时空分布规律。结果表明,日最高气温<24℃3 d以上,即可能发生水稻抽扬期低温冷害。滇西北中北部、滇东北中南部低温冷害频率发生频繁,每10年达14次以上,基本上每年都会发生低温冷害;滇西南南部低温冷害发生频率较低,每10年在2次以下,其余地区每10年发生2～8次低温冷害。从年代际特征来看,低温冷害变化规律明显,总体呈减弱趋势,其中20世纪70年代、90年代较重,2000年后低温冷害频率大幅下降。
For the chilling damage of rice during heading and flowering period in Yunnan, combined with the characteristics of Yunnan climate, meteorological data and shell rate data of rice were adopted to establish the chilling damage index of rice in Yunnan by correlation analysis and abstract simulation, etc., the temporal and spatial distribution of rice chilling injury in Yunnan during heading and flowering period was analyzed.The results showed the daily maximum temperature was less than 24 °C for more than 3 days, which may cause chilling damage during heading and flowering period of rice.The frequency of chilling damage in the north-central of northwest Yunnan and south-central of northeast Yunnan was frequent,it reached 14 times per 10 years, and basically, chilling damage occurred every year.The chilling damage occurred less in south of southwest Yunnan, which occurred less than 2 times every 10 years.The rest of the region had two to eight times every 10 years.From the interdecadal characteristics, the chilling damage changed obviously, and the overall trend was decreasing.The 1970 s and 1990 s were heavier, and the chilling damage was greatly reduced after 2000.
For the chilling damage of rice during heading and flowering period in Yunnan, combined with the characteristics of Yunnan climate, meteorological data and shell rate data of rice were adopted to establish the chilling damage index of rice in Yunnan by correlation analysis and abstract simulation, etc., the temporal and spatial distribution of rice chilling injury in Yunnan during heading and flowering period was analyzed.The results showed the daily maximum temperature was less than 24 °C for more than 3 days, which may cause chilling damage during heading and flowering period of rice.The frequency of chilling damage in the north-central of northwest Yunnan and south-central of northeast Yunnan was frequent,it reached 14 times per 10 years, and basically, chilling damage occurred every year.The chilling damage occurred less in south of southwest Yunnan, which occurred less than 2 times every 10 years.The rest of the region had two to eight times every 10 years.From the interdecadal characteristics, the chilling damage changed obviously, and the overall trend was decreasing.The 1970 s and 1990 s were heavier, and the chilling damage was greatly reduced after 2000.
引文
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[22] 王连喜,左晋,谷晓平,等.贵州水稻抽穗开花期秋风灾害指标初探[J].中国农业气象,2013,34(2):215-220.
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[25] 卞福久.云南高原的低温度气候与水稻高产初步分析[J].农业气象,1984(3):21-24.
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[27] 马树庆,王琪.水稻障碍型冷害损失评估及预测动态模型研究[J].气象学报,2003,61(4):507-512.
[2] 王雨.黑龙江省水稻低温冷害发生规律研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2007.
[3] 姜丽霞,李帅,闫平,等.黑龙江水稻孕穗期障碍型冷害及其对产量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2009,30(3):463-468.
[4] 曾宪国,项洪涛,王立志,等.孕穗期不同低温对水稻空壳率的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014(6):19-22.
[5] 曲辉辉,姜丽霞,朱海霞,等.孕穗期低温对黑龙江省主栽水稻品种空壳率的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(3):489-493.
[6] 胡春丽,李辑,林蓉,等.东北水稻障碍型低温冷害变化特征及其与关键生育期温度的关系[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(3):323-329.
[7] 刘民.水稻低温冷害分析及研究进展[J].黑龙江农业科学,2009(4):154-157.
[8] 王尚明,张文红,曾凯,等.晚稻寒露风气象灾害指标试验研究[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(2):66-68.
[9] 罗伯良,李易芝.湖南双季晚稻寒露风初日的气候演变特征及其预测模型[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(3):338-345.
[10] 刘文英,张显真,简海燕.江西近50年寒露风演变趋势及其对双季晚稻的影响[J].气象与减灾研究,2009,32(4):67-70.
[11] 王品,魏星,张朝,等.气候变暖背景下水稻低温冷害和高温热害的研究进展[J].资源科学,2014,36(11):2316-2326.
[12] 王兆骞,潘德云.秋季低温对水稻空瘪率的影响和有关指标值的研究[J].中国水稻科学,1989,3(1):17-22.
[13] 郭小弟,朱寿燕.秋季低温对杂交稻结实率的影响[J].杂交水稻,1998,14(1):38-39.
[14] 亓来福.日本等国水稻低温冷害研究概况[J].气象,1979(3):13-17.
[15] 王春乙,郭建平,杨宝珠.日本水稻冷害防御技术的适应性[J].气象科技,2000(1):55-59.
[16] 高庆芳.水稻抽穗开花期的低温冷害研究[J].江苏农业科学,1982(7):7-10.
[17] 何维勋,罗中芩,郑俊兰.水稻花期低温冷害的模拟试验初报[J].农业气象,1979(00):42-47.
[18] 彭国照,田宏,郭海燕.四川凉山州水稻盛夏低温危害及对策[J].西南农业大学学报,2005,27(6):799-803.
[19] 马树庆,袭祝香,马力文,等.北方水稻低温冷害指标持续适用性检验与比较[J].气象,2015,41(6):778-785.
[20] 杨维扬.云南水稻冷害研究展望[J].云南农业科技,1983(5):1-5.
[21] 杨爱萍,冯明,刘安国.湖北水稻对盛夏低温冷害的敏感性分析[J].中国农业气象,2009,30(S2):324-327.
[22] 王连喜,左晋,谷晓平,等.贵州水稻抽穗开花期秋风灾害指标初探[J].中国农业气象,2013,34(2):215-220.
[23] 胡芬.水稻花期低温冷害的气象指标与机理[J].中国农业科学,1981(2):60-64.
[24] 杨维扬.我省一季中稻冷害问题探讨[J].云南农业科技,1981(3):16-19.
[25] 卞福久.云南高原的低温度气候与水稻高产初步分析[J].农业气象,1984(3):21-24.
[26] 章荣田.水稻光温生态的一种表征法[J].农业气象,1981(1):18-20.
[27] 马树庆,王琪.水稻障碍型冷害损失评估及预测动态模型研究[J].气象学报,2003,61(4):507-512.