桂西那弱银金矿床矿物组合特征及银和金的赋存状态研究
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摘要
广西天峨那弱银金矿床以银矿为主,共/伴生金及铅、锌、锑等金属,矿物组合在右江盆地内为首次发现。矿体受那弱背斜及其轴向断层控制,赋矿层位为中三叠统百逢组含钙质浊积岩系。矿石矿物以硫锑铅矿、铁闪锌矿、黄铁矿、毒砂和方铅矿为主;脉石矿物主要有石英、方解石、绢云母等。主要矿石矿物由早到晚的生成顺序为:毒砂→黄铁矿→铁闪锌矿→硫锑铅矿→方铅矿。单矿物化学分析显示硫锑铅矿含Ag最高,其次为闪锌矿;黄铁矿含Au相对较高。EPMA测试结果表明Ag于方铅矿中含量最高,其次为硫锑铅矿;主要矿石矿物中毒砂含Au相对较高,其余矿物中Au含量均偏低。因矿石中的铅矿物主要为硫锑铅矿,可以认为那弱银金矿床的Ag主要赋存于硫锑铅矿中,Au主要赋存于毒砂与黄铁矿中,二者均以显微-次显微状态赋存于载体矿物中。根据矿物组合及其相互交代、切割关系等特征,将矿床划分为2个成矿期共4个成矿阶段。其中,第一成矿期为金的成矿期,矿物组合为黄铁矿和毒砂,由于后期成矿作用的叠加,仅保留一个成矿阶段;第二成矿期为银铅锌成矿期,矿物组合为方铅矿-闪锌矿-硫锑铅矿;包含第二至第四共3个完整的成矿阶段。该矿床Ag、Au共生是不同期次成矿作用叠加的结果。
Located in Tian'e County of Guangxi, the Naruo silver-gold deposit is a silver deposit associated with gold,lead, zinc and antimony. The special mineral assemblage was discovered for the first time in Youjiang basin. The orebody is controlled by Naruo anticline and its axial fault in Middle Triassic Baifeng Formation. The wall-rock is the calcic turbidite of basin facies. The main ore minerals include boulangerite, iron sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite and galena, whereas the main gangue minerals are quartz, calcite and sericite. The generation sequence of ore minerals is in order of arsenopyrite, pyrite, iron sphalerite, boulangerite and galena. Chemical analyses of individual minerals reveal that boulangerite contains most of Ag, followed by sphalerite. The Au is relatively high in pyrite.EPMA test shows that the content of Ag is most abundant in galena, followed by boulangerite. The content of Au is most abundant in arsenopyrite. As the lead-bearing mineral is mainly boulangerite in ore, it can be inferred that Ag mainly occurs in boulangerite, whereas Au mainly occurs in arsenopyrite and pyrite. Both of Au and Ag occur in the mineral carrier in microscopic-submicroscopic state. According to mineral assemblages, cutting relationship of veins and replacement characteristics, two ore-forming periods consisting of four ore-forming stages were recognized in the deposit. The first period is gold mineralization with the mineral assemblage of pyrite and arsenopyrite,including only one ore-forming stage due to the late mineralization superposition. The second period is silverleadzinc mineralization with the mineral assemblage of galena, sphalerite and boulangerite, including the second to fourth ore-forming stages. The association of silver and gold in this deposit results from the superimposition of different ore-forming periods and stages.
Located in Tian'e County of Guangxi, the Naruo silver-gold deposit is a silver deposit associated with gold,lead, zinc and antimony. The special mineral assemblage was discovered for the first time in Youjiang basin. The orebody is controlled by Naruo anticline and its axial fault in Middle Triassic Baifeng Formation. The wall-rock is the calcic turbidite of basin facies. The main ore minerals include boulangerite, iron sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite and galena, whereas the main gangue minerals are quartz, calcite and sericite. The generation sequence of ore minerals is in order of arsenopyrite, pyrite, iron sphalerite, boulangerite and galena. Chemical analyses of individual minerals reveal that boulangerite contains most of Ag, followed by sphalerite. The Au is relatively high in pyrite.EPMA test shows that the content of Ag is most abundant in galena, followed by boulangerite. The content of Au is most abundant in arsenopyrite. As the lead-bearing mineral is mainly boulangerite in ore, it can be inferred that Ag mainly occurs in boulangerite, whereas Au mainly occurs in arsenopyrite and pyrite. Both of Au and Ag occur in the mineral carrier in microscopic-submicroscopic state. According to mineral assemblages, cutting relationship of veins and replacement characteristics, two ore-forming periods consisting of four ore-forming stages were recognized in the deposit. The first period is gold mineralization with the mineral assemblage of pyrite and arsenopyrite,including only one ore-forming stage due to the late mineralization superposition. The second period is silverleadzinc mineralization with the mineral assemblage of galena, sphalerite and boulangerite, including the second to fourth ore-forming stages. The association of silver and gold in this deposit results from the superimposition of different ore-forming periods and stages.
引文
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Li F C and Ye R.1996.Gold-carrying minerals and occurring state of in\sthe Jinya gold deposit[J].Mineral Resources Geology,10(5):300-305(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li J L,Qi F and Xu Q S.2002.The‘Combined Gold’for the further research\sof the chemical state in the negative valence state of gold-arsenopyrite\sand arsenian pyrite in minerals[J].Progress in Natural\sScience,12(9):952-958(in Chinese).
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Shang J and Lin J Q.1989.A study of mineral identification and occurrence\sstate of silver[J].Global Geology,8(2):106-123(in Chinese).
The Prospecting team of Guangxi Geophysical Investing Institute.1994.The report of Geophysical、Chemicalprospecting,Comprehensive interpretation\sof remote sensing in Guangxi[R].Nanning:Guangxi\sBureau of Geology&Mineral Prospecting&Exploitation(in\sChinese).
Wang J C and Jian X Z.1996.The study of occurrence characteristics\sstate of silver[J].Geological Exploration for Non-ferrous Metals,5(2):89-93(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang S D and Deng G A.1995.The study of occurrence characteristics\sand regularities of distribution state for the Fozichong silver-bearing\sin the Pb-Zn deposit[J].Geological Exploration for Non-ferrous\sMetals,5(2):89-93(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang H T,Su W C,Tian J J,Liu Y P,Liu J Z and Liu C Q.2008.Gold occurrence state of Carlin-type gold deposits in Shuiyindong,Guizhou[J].Acta Mineralogical Sinica,28(1):17-24(in Chinese\swith English abstract).
Zhu E J,Qiu Y M and Wang J G.1994.EPR analysis and study on isomorphic\ssilver in galena[J].Journal of Shenyang Institute of Gold\sTechnology,40:317-322(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu X Q,Wang Z G and Chen F.2000.A study of existent states and ore\sgenesis of gold at the Yata fine-grained dissemenated type gold deposits,Guizhou[J].Progress in Natural Science,10(3):248-252(in Chinese).
陈开礼,郜兆典,杭长松,等.2002.广西金矿地质[M].南宁:广西科学技术出版社.50-160.
陈懋弘.2007.基于成矿构造和成矿流体耦合条件下的贵州锦丰(烂泥沟)金矿成矿模式(博士学位论文)[D].导师:毛景文.北京:中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所.168-178.
陈懋弘,毛景文,陈振宇,章伟.2009.滇黔桂“金三角"卡林型金矿含砷黄铁矿和毒砂的矿物学研究[J].矿床地质,28(5):539-557.
陈懋弘,张延,蒙有言,陆刚,刘苏桥.2014.桂西巴马料屯金矿床成矿年代上限的确定-对滇黔桂“金三角"卡林型金矿年代学研究的启示[J].矿床地质,33(1):1-13.
广西地球物理探矿队.1994.《广西物探、化探、遥感综合解释报告》[R].南宁:广西壮族自治区地质矿产局.
胡耀国,李朝阳,温汉捷,黄智龙.2000.川滇黔接壤处铅锌银矿床中银矿物特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,19(4):318-320.
蒋柏昌,黄厉,吴金荣,姚旭佳,蒙勋.2013.广西天峨县那弱矿区银金矿详查阶段性报告[R].桂林:广西区域地质调查研究院.
李福春,叶荣.1996.金牙金矿载金矿物及金的赋存状态研究[J].矿产与地质,10(5):300-305.
李九玲,亓锋,徐庆生.2002.矿物中呈负价态之金-毒砂和含砷黄铁矿中“结合金"化学状态的进一步研究[J].自然科学进展,12(9):952-958.
李艺,梁有彬.1991.湖南柿竹园铅锌矿床伴生金、银的赋存状态研究[J].地质与勘探,27(8):21-25.
尚浚,林金泉.1989.银矿物鉴定及其赋存状态研究[J].世界地质,8(2):106-123.
王静纯,简晓忠.1996.银的赋存特征研究[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,5(2):89-93.
杨树德,邓贵安.1995.佛子冲含银铅锌矿床银的赋存状态及分布规律的研究[J].矿产与地质,45(9):28-32.
张弘,苏文超,田建吉,刘玉平,刘建中,刘川勤.2008.贵州省水银洞卡林型金矿床金的赋存状态初步研究[J].矿物学报,28(1):17-24.
朱恩静,邱玉民,王建国.1994.方铅矿中类质同像银的研究及EPR分析[J].沈阳黄金学院学报,40:317-322.
朱笑青,王中刚,陈福.2000.贵州丫他微细浸染型金矿床金的赋存形式与矿床成因的研究[J].自然科学进展,10(3):248-252.
Chen M H.2007.The Genetic Model of Jinfeng(Lannigou)Gold Deposit\sBased on the Coupling of Metallotectonics and Ore-forming Fluid(Doctoral thesis)[D].Supervisor:Mao J W.Beijing:Institute of\sMineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.168-178(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen M H,Mao J W,Chen Z Y and Zhang W.2009.Mineralogy of arsenian\spyrites and arsenopyrites of Carlin-type gold deposits in YunnanGuizhou-Guangxi‘golden triangle’area,southwestern China[J].Mineral Deposits,28(5):539-557(in Chinese with English\sabstract).
Chen M H,Zhang Y,Meng Y Y,Lu G and Liu S Q.2014.Determination\sof upper limit of metallogenic epoch of Liaotun gold deposit in\swestern Guangxi and its implications for chronology of Carlin-type\sgold deposits in Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi‘golden triangle’area[J].Mineral Deposits,33(1):1-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu Y G,Li C Y,Wen H J and Huang Z L.2000.The characteristics of\ssilver minerals of Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the borders of Sichuan-YunnanGuizhou[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemisty,19(4):318-320(in Chinese).
Jiang B C,Huang L,Wu J R,Yao X J and Meng X.2013.The stage of\sdetailed survey report of Naruo silver-gold deposit in Tian'e,Guangxi[R].Guilin:Institute of Regional Geological Survey of Guangxi(in\sChinese).
Li F C and Ye R.1996.Gold-carrying minerals and occurring state of in\sthe Jinya gold deposit[J].Mineral Resources Geology,10(5):300-305(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li J L,Qi F and Xu Q S.2002.The‘Combined Gold’for the further research\sof the chemical state in the negative valence state of gold-arsenopyrite\sand arsenian pyrite in minerals[J].Progress in Natural\sScience,12(9):952-958(in Chinese).
Li Y and Liang Y B.1991.Mode of occurrence of gold and silver ores assoclated\swith the Shizhuyuan Pb-Zn deposit,Hunnan[J].Geology\sand Exploration,27(8):21-25(in Chinese with English abstract).
Shang J and Lin J Q.1989.A study of mineral identification and occurrence\sstate of silver[J].Global Geology,8(2):106-123(in Chinese).
The Prospecting team of Guangxi Geophysical Investing Institute.1994.The report of Geophysical、Chemicalprospecting,Comprehensive interpretation\sof remote sensing in Guangxi[R].Nanning:Guangxi\sBureau of Geology&Mineral Prospecting&Exploitation(in\sChinese).
Wang J C and Jian X Z.1996.The study of occurrence characteristics\sstate of silver[J].Geological Exploration for Non-ferrous Metals,5(2):89-93(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang S D and Deng G A.1995.The study of occurrence characteristics\sand regularities of distribution state for the Fozichong silver-bearing\sin the Pb-Zn deposit[J].Geological Exploration for Non-ferrous\sMetals,5(2):89-93(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang H T,Su W C,Tian J J,Liu Y P,Liu J Z and Liu C Q.2008.Gold occurrence state of Carlin-type gold deposits in Shuiyindong,Guizhou[J].Acta Mineralogical Sinica,28(1):17-24(in Chinese\swith English abstract).
Zhu E J,Qiu Y M and Wang J G.1994.EPR analysis and study on isomorphic\ssilver in galena[J].Journal of Shenyang Institute of Gold\sTechnology,40:317-322(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu X Q,Wang Z G and Chen F.2000.A study of existent states and ore\sgenesis of gold at the Yata fine-grained dissemenated type gold deposits,Guizhou[J].Progress in Natural Science,10(3):248-252(in Chinese).
陈开礼,郜兆典,杭长松,等.2002.广西金矿地质[M].南宁:广西科学技术出版社.50-160.
陈懋弘.2007.基于成矿构造和成矿流体耦合条件下的贵州锦丰(烂泥沟)金矿成矿模式(博士学位论文)[D].导师:毛景文.北京:中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所.168-178.
陈懋弘,毛景文,陈振宇,章伟.2009.滇黔桂“金三角"卡林型金矿含砷黄铁矿和毒砂的矿物学研究[J].矿床地质,28(5):539-557.
陈懋弘,张延,蒙有言,陆刚,刘苏桥.2014.桂西巴马料屯金矿床成矿年代上限的确定-对滇黔桂“金三角"卡林型金矿年代学研究的启示[J].矿床地质,33(1):1-13.
广西地球物理探矿队.1994.《广西物探、化探、遥感综合解释报告》[R].南宁:广西壮族自治区地质矿产局.
胡耀国,李朝阳,温汉捷,黄智龙.2000.川滇黔接壤处铅锌银矿床中银矿物特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,19(4):318-320.
蒋柏昌,黄厉,吴金荣,姚旭佳,蒙勋.2013.广西天峨县那弱矿区银金矿详查阶段性报告[R].桂林:广西区域地质调查研究院.
李福春,叶荣.1996.金牙金矿载金矿物及金的赋存状态研究[J].矿产与地质,10(5):300-305.
李九玲,亓锋,徐庆生.2002.矿物中呈负价态之金-毒砂和含砷黄铁矿中“结合金"化学状态的进一步研究[J].自然科学进展,12(9):952-958.
李艺,梁有彬.1991.湖南柿竹园铅锌矿床伴生金、银的赋存状态研究[J].地质与勘探,27(8):21-25.
尚浚,林金泉.1989.银矿物鉴定及其赋存状态研究[J].世界地质,8(2):106-123.
王静纯,简晓忠.1996.银的赋存特征研究[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,5(2):89-93.
杨树德,邓贵安.1995.佛子冲含银铅锌矿床银的赋存状态及分布规律的研究[J].矿产与地质,45(9):28-32.
张弘,苏文超,田建吉,刘玉平,刘建中,刘川勤.2008.贵州省水银洞卡林型金矿床金的赋存状态初步研究[J].矿物学报,28(1):17-24.
朱恩静,邱玉民,王建国.1994.方铅矿中类质同像银的研究及EPR分析[J].沈阳黄金学院学报,40:317-322.
朱笑青,王中刚,陈福.2000.贵州丫他微细浸染型金矿床金的赋存形式与矿床成因的研究[J].自然科学进展,10(3):248-252.