基于增强现实的心墙堆石坝施工进度可视化仿真
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摘要
目前心墙堆石坝施工过程可视化仿真研究多是基于施工仿真结果构建的纯虚拟三维可视化,其地形模型多根据前期勘测数据建立,其渲染消耗资源多且不易被修改,且与实际施工场景有很大差别.针对此问题,将增强现实技术(AR)引入水利水电工程施工仿真中,提出了基于增强现实的心墙堆石坝施工过程可视化仿真方法,该方法主要解决两个方面的问题:如何利用虚拟相机的三维注册技术解决虚拟场景与真实场景不处于同一空间的问题,以使可视化仿真具有动态时效性;如何通过视频监控获取的三维场景信息与虚拟物体叠加,以解决传统可视化仿真中地形模型占用过多资源的问题,并提高可视化仿真效率.结合西南某大型水利水电工程,利用AR技术对该工程的施工进度仿真进行可视化展示.首先在无需建立地形模型的情况下实现了施工仿真和施工现场的紧密结合;其次,基于web service的数据查询和传输实现仿真成果的交互式动态三维场景查询,同时通过基于硬件的增强现实方法以更少的资源消耗实现了更真实直观的可视化仿真,为水利水电工程施工可视化仿真提供了新思路.
At present,researches on visual simulation of construction schedule for core rock-fill dam are in majority virtual 3 D visualization constructed by the construction simulation results.The terrain model is built according to the previous exploration data.By this method,rendering consumes more resources,the model is not easy to be modified and is quite different from the actual construction scene.To solve this problem,augmented reality(AR)technology was introduced into the construction simulation of water conservancy and hydropower projects in this paper and a visual simulation method for construction schedule of core rock-fill dam based on augmented reality was proposed.Two problems can be solved by this method:the problem that the virtual scene and the real scene are not in the same space has been solved using three dimensional registration technology of virtual camera in order to achieve the dynamic timeliness of visual simulation;the problem that the traditional terrain model takes too many resources has been solved by superimposing 3 D scene information obtained by video surveillance with virtual objects and the efficiency of visual simulation has been improved.The AR technology was applied to visualize the construction progress of a large water conservancy and hydropower project in southwest China.Firstly,the construction simulation and construction site were closely integrated without the establishment of terrain model.Secondly,interactive dynamic 3 D scene query of simulation results has been realized by using data query and transmission based on web service.Lastly,a more real and intuitive visual simulation has been achieved with less resource consumption by augmented reality method based on hardware.The study of this paper provides a new idea for visual simulation of water conservancy and hydropower project construction.
At present,researches on visual simulation of construction schedule for core rock-fill dam are in majority virtual 3 D visualization constructed by the construction simulation results.The terrain model is built according to the previous exploration data.By this method,rendering consumes more resources,the model is not easy to be modified and is quite different from the actual construction scene.To solve this problem,augmented reality(AR)technology was introduced into the construction simulation of water conservancy and hydropower projects in this paper and a visual simulation method for construction schedule of core rock-fill dam based on augmented reality was proposed.Two problems can be solved by this method:the problem that the virtual scene and the real scene are not in the same space has been solved using three dimensional registration technology of virtual camera in order to achieve the dynamic timeliness of visual simulation;the problem that the traditional terrain model takes too many resources has been solved by superimposing 3 D scene information obtained by video surveillance with virtual objects and the efficiency of visual simulation has been improved.The AR technology was applied to visualize the construction progress of a large water conservancy and hydropower project in southwest China.Firstly,the construction simulation and construction site were closely integrated without the establishment of terrain model.Secondly,interactive dynamic 3 D scene query of simulation results has been realized by using data query and transmission based on web service.Lastly,a more real and intuitive visual simulation has been achieved with less resource consumption by augmented reality method based on hardware.The study of this paper provides a new idea for visual simulation of water conservancy and hydropower project construction.
引文
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[18]钟登华,陈永兴,常昊天,等.沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝施工仿真建模与可视化分析[J].天津大学学报:自然科学与工程技术版,2013,46(4):285-290.Zhong Denghua,Chen Yongxing,Chang Haotian,et al.Construction simulation modeling and visual analysis of rockfill dam with asphalt concrete core[J].Journal of Tianjin University:Science and Technology,2013,46(4):285-290(in Chinese).
[19]钟登华,谷金操,佟大威.水电站厂房及设备可视化交互仿真建模方法与应用[J].天津大学学报:自然科学与工程技术版,2014,47(2):95-100.Zhong Denghua,Gu Jincao,Tong Dawei.Method and application of visual interactive simulation modeling for hydropower house and its equipment[J].Journal of Tianjin University:Science and Technology,2014,47(2):95-100(in Chinese).
[20]刘东海,钟登华,郑家祥.数字化截流及其三维动态可视化仿真[J].天津大学学报,2004,37(4):298-302.Liu Donghai,Zhong Denghua,Zheng Jiaxiang.River closure digitalization and three-dimensional dynamic visual simulation[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2004,37(4):298-302(in Chinese).
[21]钟登华,练继亮,朱慧蓉.混凝土坝浇筑过程三维动态可视化仿真[J].天津大学学报,2004,37(1):45-49.Zhong Denghua,Lian Jiliang,Zhu Huirong.3D dynamic visual simulation of concrete dam construction[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2004,37(1):45-49(in Chinese).
[22]Sutherland I E.A head-mounted three dimensional display[C]//AFIPS Joint Computer Conference.San Francisco,USA,1968:757-764.
[23]Webster A,Feiner S,Macintyre B,et al.Augmented reality in architectural construction,inspection,and renovation[J].American Society of Civil Engineers,1996:913-919.
[24]Azuma R T.A survey of augmented reality[J].Presence:Teleoperators and Virtual Environments,1997,6(4):355-385.
[25]Behzadan A H,Dong Suyang,Kamat V R.Augmented reality visualization:A review of civil infrastructure system applications[J].Advanced Engineering Informatics,2015,29(2):252-267.
[26]Carozza L,Valero E,BoschéF,et al.Urban Plan AR:BIM mobile visualisation in urban environments with occlusion-aware augmented reality[C]//Lean and Computing in Construction Congress-Joint Conference on Computing in Construction.Heraklion,Greece,2017:229-236.
[27]Haynes P,Lange E.Mobile augmented reality for flood visualisation in urban riverside landscapes[J].Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture,2016:254-262.
[28]Mcclean E,Cao Y,Mcdonald J.Single image augmented reality using planar structures in urban environments[C]//2011 Irish Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference.Dublin,Ireland,2014:1-6.
[29]Golparvar-Fard M,Pe?a-Mora F,Savarese S.D4AR-a4-dimensional augmented reality model for automating construction progress monitoring data collection,processing and communication[J].Journal of Information Technology in Construction,2009,14(13):129-153.
[30]Golparvar-Fard M,Pe?a-Mora F,Savarese S.Automated progress monitoring using unordered daily construction photographs and IFC-based building information models[J].Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,2012,29(1):04014025.
[31]Law A M,Kelton W D.Simulation Modeling and Analysis[M].New York:Mc Graw Hill Book Co,2000.
[32]Halpin D W.Cyclone:Method for modeling of job site processes[J].Journal of the Construction Division,1977,103(3):489-499.
[33]钟登华,胡程顺.复杂工程系统可视化仿真建模方法与应用[J].系统仿真学报,2012,14(7):839-843.Zhong Denghua,Hu Chengshun.Theory and application of visual simulation modeling for complex engineering system[J].Acta Simulata Systematica Sinica,2002,14(7):839-843(in Chinese).
[34]Fujimoto R M.Parallel discrete event simulation[J].Communications of the ACM,1989,33(4):30-53.
[35]刘珊珊,周宜红,刘全,等.堆石坝施工的实时动态仿真系统研究[J].系统仿真学报,2004,16(11):2525-2528.Liu Shanshan,Zhou Yihong,Liu Quan,et al.Realtime dynamic simulation system of rock-fill dams[J].Journal of System Simulation,2004,16(11):2525-2528(in Chinese).
[36]Kalman R E.A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems[J].Journal of Basic Engineering Transactions,1960,82:35-45.
[37]钟登华,王飞,吴斌平,等.从数字大坝到智慧大坝[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(10):1-13.Zhong Denghua,Wang Fei,Wu Binping,et al.From digital dam toward smart dam[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(10):1-13(in Chinese).
[2]Zhong Denghua,Zhang Ping,Wu Kangxin.Theory and practice of construction simulation for high rock-fill dam[J].Science in China Series E:Technological Sciences,2007,50(1):51-61.
[3]钟登华,张平.基于实时监控的高心墙堆石坝施工仿真理论与应用[J].水利水电技术,2009,40(8):103-107.Zhong Denghua,Zhang Ping.Theory and application of construction simulation for high core rock-fill dam based on real-time monitoring[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2009,40(8):103-107(in Chinese).
[4]钟登华,赵晨生,张平.高心墙堆石坝坝面碾压施工仿真理论与应用[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(12):28-32.Zhong Denghua,Zhao Chensheng,Zhang Ping.Theory and application of construction simulation for roller compaction of high core rock-fill dam[J].Engineering Sciences,2011,13(12):28-32(in Chinese).
[5]Al-Hussein M,Niaz M A,Yu Haitao,et al.Integrating 3D visualization and simulation for tower crane operations on construction sites[J].Automation in Construction,2006,15(5):554-562.
[6]Mawlana M,Vahdatikhaki F,Doriani A,et al.Integrating 4D modeling and discrete event simulation for phasing evaluation of elevated urban highway reconstruction projects[J].Automation in Construction,2015,60:25-38.
[7]Elnimr A,Fagiar M,Mohamed Y.Two-way integration of 3D visualization and discrete event simulation for modeling mobile crane movement under dynamically changing site layout[J].Automation in Construction,2016,68:235-248.
[8]Wang Weichih,Weng Shaowei,Wang Shihhsu,et al.Integrating building information models with construction process simulations for project scheduling support[J].Automation in Construction,2014,37(6):68-80.
[9]Brito D M,Ferreira E A M.Strategies for representation and analyses of 4D modeling applied to construction project management[J].Procedia Economics&Finance,2015,21(1):374-382.
[10]Park J,Cai H,Dunston P S,et al.Database-supported and web-based visualization for daily 4D BIM[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,2017,143(10):04017078.
[11]Li Xue,Xu Jing,Zhang Qun.Research on construction schedule management based on BIM technology[J].Procedia Engineering,2017,174:657-667.
[12]钟登华.可视化仿真技术及其应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.Zhong Denghua.Visual Simulation Technology and Its Application[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2002(in Chinese).
[13]胡程顺,钟登华,张静,等.土石方动态调配模型与可视化研究[J].中国工程科学,2003,5(12):73-79.Hu Chengshun,Zhong Denghua,Zhang Jing,et al.Study on the model and its visualization for dynamic allocation of earth[J].Engineering Sciences,2003,5(12):73-79(in Chinese).
[14]钟登华,胡程顺,张静.高土石坝施工系统可视化仿真与应用研究[J].水利水电技术,2004,35(12):50-55.Zhong Denghua,Hu Chengshun,Zhang Jing.Visualization smiulation for embankment dam construction and its application[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2004,35(12):50-55(in Chinese).
[15]刘宁,钟登华,张平.高心墙堆石坝施工现场交通可视化仿真研究[J].水利水电技术,2012,43(4):73-78.Liu Ning,Zhong Denghua,Zhang Ping.Study on visualized simulation of in-situ traffic for construction of high rock-fill dam with core[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2012,43(4):73-78(in Chinese).
[16]钟登华,张琴娅,杜荣祥,等.基于CATIA的心墙堆石坝施工动态仿真[J].天津大学学报:自然科学与工程技术版,2015,48(12):1118-1125.Zhong Denghua,Zhang Qinya,Du Rongxiang,et al.Dynamic construction simulation of core rock-fill dam based on CATIA platform[J].Journal of Tianjin University:Science and Technology,2015,48(12):1118-1125(in Chinese).
[17]钟登华,张元坤,吴斌平,等.基于实时监控的碾压混凝土坝仓面施工仿真可视化分析[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2016,44(5):377-385.Zhong Denghua,Zhang Yuankun,Wu Binping,et al.Simulation and visual analysis for construction of storehouse surface of RCC dam based on real-time monitoring[J].Journal of Hohai University:Natural Sciences,2016,44(5):377-385(in Chinese).
[18]钟登华,陈永兴,常昊天,等.沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝施工仿真建模与可视化分析[J].天津大学学报:自然科学与工程技术版,2013,46(4):285-290.Zhong Denghua,Chen Yongxing,Chang Haotian,et al.Construction simulation modeling and visual analysis of rockfill dam with asphalt concrete core[J].Journal of Tianjin University:Science and Technology,2013,46(4):285-290(in Chinese).
[19]钟登华,谷金操,佟大威.水电站厂房及设备可视化交互仿真建模方法与应用[J].天津大学学报:自然科学与工程技术版,2014,47(2):95-100.Zhong Denghua,Gu Jincao,Tong Dawei.Method and application of visual interactive simulation modeling for hydropower house and its equipment[J].Journal of Tianjin University:Science and Technology,2014,47(2):95-100(in Chinese).
[20]刘东海,钟登华,郑家祥.数字化截流及其三维动态可视化仿真[J].天津大学学报,2004,37(4):298-302.Liu Donghai,Zhong Denghua,Zheng Jiaxiang.River closure digitalization and three-dimensional dynamic visual simulation[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2004,37(4):298-302(in Chinese).
[21]钟登华,练继亮,朱慧蓉.混凝土坝浇筑过程三维动态可视化仿真[J].天津大学学报,2004,37(1):45-49.Zhong Denghua,Lian Jiliang,Zhu Huirong.3D dynamic visual simulation of concrete dam construction[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2004,37(1):45-49(in Chinese).
[22]Sutherland I E.A head-mounted three dimensional display[C]//AFIPS Joint Computer Conference.San Francisco,USA,1968:757-764.
[23]Webster A,Feiner S,Macintyre B,et al.Augmented reality in architectural construction,inspection,and renovation[J].American Society of Civil Engineers,1996:913-919.
[24]Azuma R T.A survey of augmented reality[J].Presence:Teleoperators and Virtual Environments,1997,6(4):355-385.
[25]Behzadan A H,Dong Suyang,Kamat V R.Augmented reality visualization:A review of civil infrastructure system applications[J].Advanced Engineering Informatics,2015,29(2):252-267.
[26]Carozza L,Valero E,BoschéF,et al.Urban Plan AR:BIM mobile visualisation in urban environments with occlusion-aware augmented reality[C]//Lean and Computing in Construction Congress-Joint Conference on Computing in Construction.Heraklion,Greece,2017:229-236.
[27]Haynes P,Lange E.Mobile augmented reality for flood visualisation in urban riverside landscapes[J].Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture,2016:254-262.
[28]Mcclean E,Cao Y,Mcdonald J.Single image augmented reality using planar structures in urban environments[C]//2011 Irish Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference.Dublin,Ireland,2014:1-6.
[29]Golparvar-Fard M,Pe?a-Mora F,Savarese S.D4AR-a4-dimensional augmented reality model for automating construction progress monitoring data collection,processing and communication[J].Journal of Information Technology in Construction,2009,14(13):129-153.
[30]Golparvar-Fard M,Pe?a-Mora F,Savarese S.Automated progress monitoring using unordered daily construction photographs and IFC-based building information models[J].Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,2012,29(1):04014025.
[31]Law A M,Kelton W D.Simulation Modeling and Analysis[M].New York:Mc Graw Hill Book Co,2000.
[32]Halpin D W.Cyclone:Method for modeling of job site processes[J].Journal of the Construction Division,1977,103(3):489-499.
[33]钟登华,胡程顺.复杂工程系统可视化仿真建模方法与应用[J].系统仿真学报,2012,14(7):839-843.Zhong Denghua,Hu Chengshun.Theory and application of visual simulation modeling for complex engineering system[J].Acta Simulata Systematica Sinica,2002,14(7):839-843(in Chinese).
[34]Fujimoto R M.Parallel discrete event simulation[J].Communications of the ACM,1989,33(4):30-53.
[35]刘珊珊,周宜红,刘全,等.堆石坝施工的实时动态仿真系统研究[J].系统仿真学报,2004,16(11):2525-2528.Liu Shanshan,Zhou Yihong,Liu Quan,et al.Realtime dynamic simulation system of rock-fill dams[J].Journal of System Simulation,2004,16(11):2525-2528(in Chinese).
[36]Kalman R E.A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems[J].Journal of Basic Engineering Transactions,1960,82:35-45.
[37]钟登华,王飞,吴斌平,等.从数字大坝到智慧大坝[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(10):1-13.Zhong Denghua,Wang Fei,Wu Binping,et al.From digital dam toward smart dam[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(10):1-13(in Chinese).