二极管型红外探测器数字输出型读出电路
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摘要
为实现红外焦平面数字化输出,设计了一款片上集成行列级读出电路,适应于SOI(silicon on insulator)二极管型非制冷红外探测器阵列.读出电路包括一个连续时间增量型二阶sigma-delta调制器和一个输出缓冲器,其中二阶sigma-delta调制器包括跨导模块、跨导运算放大器构成的积分器模块、电流型DAC反馈模块以及比较器.基于此提出的读出电路架构,采用直接数字量化的方式,完全省去了前端模拟放大单元电路.利用连续时间增量型二阶sigma-delta调制器对输入信号驱动要求低的特点,该电路可直接处理SOI二极管型红外探测器输出的相对微弱的电压信号,并输出数字信号.基于SMIC 0.35μm CMOS工艺对电路进行了设计并流片验证,供电电压5 V,读出电路版图通道宽度小于30μm,适应探测器像素尺寸.测试结果表明, 60帧频读出时,读出性能良好,输出噪声9μV,单通道功耗450μW,面积0.092 mm~2.该读出电路相比于普通片上集成行列级读出电路,减小了面积和功耗,简化了整个红外成像系统,适用于低功耗、低噪声、高集成度的大面阵数字化红外传感器成像系统.
A line readout circuit with digital outputs is presented in this paper, which is suitable for SOI diode uncooled infrared focal plane arrays. The readout channel consists of a second-order sigma-delta modulator and an output buffer. The modulator includes an integrator, a current DAC, and a comparator. With the proposed circuit desiqn which adopts direct digital guantification, traditional analog pre-amplifier circuits are no longer needed. Continuous time increment type sigma-delta modulator can be driven by weak signals, which is capable of dealing with relatively small signals outputted by SOI diodes. The readout circuit was designed and simulated with 5 V supply voltage and the readout channel width was limited below 30 μm to meet the requirement of pixel physical size. The tape-out was completed in SMIC 0.35 μm CMOS technology to further validate the effectiveness of this design. Test results show that the output noise was less than 9 μV with 60 Frame/s under room temperature, the power consumption of each channel was less than 450 μW with 5 V power supply voltage, and the area of each channel was 0.092 mm~2. Compared with traditional readout circuits, the proposed circuit needs no pre-amplifier circuits nor off-chip ADC, which reduces the complexity of the system. This design can be used in low power, low noise, and high density large scale infrared imaging systems with less chip area and power consumption.
A line readout circuit with digital outputs is presented in this paper, which is suitable for SOI diode uncooled infrared focal plane arrays. The readout channel consists of a second-order sigma-delta modulator and an output buffer. The modulator includes an integrator, a current DAC, and a comparator. With the proposed circuit desiqn which adopts direct digital guantification, traditional analog pre-amplifier circuits are no longer needed. Continuous time increment type sigma-delta modulator can be driven by weak signals, which is capable of dealing with relatively small signals outputted by SOI diodes. The readout circuit was designed and simulated with 5 V supply voltage and the readout channel width was limited below 30 μm to meet the requirement of pixel physical size. The tape-out was completed in SMIC 0.35 μm CMOS technology to further validate the effectiveness of this design. Test results show that the output noise was less than 9 μV with 60 Frame/s under room temperature, the power consumption of each channel was less than 450 μW with 5 V power supply voltage, and the area of each channel was 0.092 mm~2. Compared with traditional readout circuits, the proposed circuit needs no pre-amplifier circuits nor off-chip ADC, which reduces the complexity of the system. This design can be used in low power, low noise, and high density large scale infrared imaging systems with less chip area and power consumption.
引文
[1]MENG Xiangyun, ZHANG Yacong, LIU Sanlin, et al. Low power readout circuit for 384×288 uncooled IRFPA with novel readout stage[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Electron Devices and Solid State Circuit. Bangkok, Thailand: IEEE, 2012. DOI:10.1109/EDSSC.2012.6482835
[2]LIU C C, MASTRANGELO C H. A CMOS uncooled heat-balancing infrared imager[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2000, 35(4): 527. DOI:10.1109/4.839912
[3]ZHAO Gongyuan, YE Mao, HU Kai, et al. A ROIC for diode uncooled IRFPA with hybrid non-uniformity compensation technique[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2018, 18(2): 501. DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2017.2773538
[4]刘传明, 姚立斌. 红外焦平面探测器数字读出电路研究[J]. 红外技术, 2012, 34(3): 125LIU Chuanming, YAO Libin. Study on digital readout circuit for infrared FPA detectors[J]. Infrared Technology, 2012, 34(3): 125
[5]姚立斌, 陈楠, 张济清, 等. 数字化红外焦平面技术[J]. 红外技术, 2016, 38(5): 357YAO Libin, CHEN Nan, ZHANG Jiqing, et al. Digital IRFPA technology[J]. Infrared Technology, 2016, 38(5): 357
[6]高磊, 翟永成, 梁清华, 等. 红外焦平面读出电路集成数字输出[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2015, 44(6): 1686GAO Lei, ZHAI Yongcheng, LIANG Qinghua, et al. IRFPA ROIC integrated digital output[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2015, 44(6): 1686
[7]赵国芬, 赵毅强, 赵公元, 等. 二极管型非制冷红外探测器的前端电路设计[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2016, 45(1): 161ZHAO Guofen, ZHAO Yiqiang, ZHAO Gongyuan, et al. Design of front-end circuit for uncooled diode infrared detector[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(1): 161. DOI:10.3788/IRLA201645.0104001
[8]王玮冰, 陈大鹏, 明安杰, 等. 二极管原理非制冷红外焦平面阵列的集成设计[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2011, 40(6): 997WANG Weibing, CHEN Dapeng, MING Anjie, et al. Integration of uncooled diode infrared focal plane array[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2011, 40(6): 997
[9]ISHIKAWA T, UENO M, NAKAKI Y, et al. Performance of 320×240 uncooled IRFPA with SOI diode detectors[C]//Proceedings of the SPIE. San Diego, CA: SPIE, 2000: 152. DOI:10.1117/12.409857
[10]NESHER O, PIVNIK I, ILAN E, et al. High resolution 1 280×1 024, 15 μm pitch compact InSb IR detector with on-chip ADC[C]//Proceedings of the SPIE. Orlando, Florida: SPIE, 2009. DOI:10.1117/12.817054
[11]ZENG Xinji, GAO Jing, YANG Liu, et al. An extended-counting incremental sigma-delta ADC with hardware-reuse technique[J]. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 2016, 25(5): 1650038. DOI:10.1142/S0218126616500389
[12]AHMADI M. M. A new modeling and optimization of gain-boosted cascode amplifier for high-speed and low-voltage applications[J]. IEEE Transcation on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 2006, 53(3): 169. DOI:10.1109/TCSII.2005.858493
[13]刘婷婷, 喻明艳. 带共模反馈的CMOS套筒式高增益运算放大器[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2006, 38(5): 783LIU Tingting, YU Mingyan. High gain CMOS telescopic operational amplifier with common-mode feedback[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2006, 38(5): 783
[14]吴笑峰, 刘红侠, 石立春, 等. 新型高速低功耗CMOS动态比较器的特性分析[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 40(5): 1354WU Xiaofeng, LIU Hongxia, SHI Lichun, et al. Characteristic analysis of a new high-speed and low-power CMOS dynamic comparator[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2009, 40(5): 1354
[15]LV Jian, QUE Longcheng, WEI Linhai, et al. Uncooled microbolometer infrared focal plane array without substrate temperature stabilization[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2014, 14(5): 1533. DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2014.2298512
[16]黄卓磊, 王玮冰, 蒋文静, 等. 一种具有高填充因子吸收层和低失调低噪声读出电路的红外探测系统[J]. 红外与毫米波学报, 2014, 33(1): 50HUANG Zhuolei, WANG Weibing, JIANG Wenjing, et al. Infrared detectors with high fill-factor absorber and low offset low noise readout circuit[J]. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 2014, 33(1): 50. DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1010.2014.00050
[2]LIU C C, MASTRANGELO C H. A CMOS uncooled heat-balancing infrared imager[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2000, 35(4): 527. DOI:10.1109/4.839912
[3]ZHAO Gongyuan, YE Mao, HU Kai, et al. A ROIC for diode uncooled IRFPA with hybrid non-uniformity compensation technique[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2018, 18(2): 501. DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2017.2773538
[4]刘传明, 姚立斌. 红外焦平面探测器数字读出电路研究[J]. 红外技术, 2012, 34(3): 125LIU Chuanming, YAO Libin. Study on digital readout circuit for infrared FPA detectors[J]. Infrared Technology, 2012, 34(3): 125
[5]姚立斌, 陈楠, 张济清, 等. 数字化红外焦平面技术[J]. 红外技术, 2016, 38(5): 357YAO Libin, CHEN Nan, ZHANG Jiqing, et al. Digital IRFPA technology[J]. Infrared Technology, 2016, 38(5): 357
[6]高磊, 翟永成, 梁清华, 等. 红外焦平面读出电路集成数字输出[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2015, 44(6): 1686GAO Lei, ZHAI Yongcheng, LIANG Qinghua, et al. IRFPA ROIC integrated digital output[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2015, 44(6): 1686
[7]赵国芬, 赵毅强, 赵公元, 等. 二极管型非制冷红外探测器的前端电路设计[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2016, 45(1): 161ZHAO Guofen, ZHAO Yiqiang, ZHAO Gongyuan, et al. Design of front-end circuit for uncooled diode infrared detector[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(1): 161. DOI:10.3788/IRLA201645.0104001
[8]王玮冰, 陈大鹏, 明安杰, 等. 二极管原理非制冷红外焦平面阵列的集成设计[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2011, 40(6): 997WANG Weibing, CHEN Dapeng, MING Anjie, et al. Integration of uncooled diode infrared focal plane array[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2011, 40(6): 997
[9]ISHIKAWA T, UENO M, NAKAKI Y, et al. Performance of 320×240 uncooled IRFPA with SOI diode detectors[C]//Proceedings of the SPIE. San Diego, CA: SPIE, 2000: 152. DOI:10.1117/12.409857
[10]NESHER O, PIVNIK I, ILAN E, et al. High resolution 1 280×1 024, 15 μm pitch compact InSb IR detector with on-chip ADC[C]//Proceedings of the SPIE. Orlando, Florida: SPIE, 2009. DOI:10.1117/12.817054
[11]ZENG Xinji, GAO Jing, YANG Liu, et al. An extended-counting incremental sigma-delta ADC with hardware-reuse technique[J]. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 2016, 25(5): 1650038. DOI:10.1142/S0218126616500389
[12]AHMADI M. M. A new modeling and optimization of gain-boosted cascode amplifier for high-speed and low-voltage applications[J]. IEEE Transcation on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 2006, 53(3): 169. DOI:10.1109/TCSII.2005.858493
[13]刘婷婷, 喻明艳. 带共模反馈的CMOS套筒式高增益运算放大器[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2006, 38(5): 783LIU Tingting, YU Mingyan. High gain CMOS telescopic operational amplifier with common-mode feedback[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2006, 38(5): 783
[14]吴笑峰, 刘红侠, 石立春, 等. 新型高速低功耗CMOS动态比较器的特性分析[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 40(5): 1354WU Xiaofeng, LIU Hongxia, SHI Lichun, et al. Characteristic analysis of a new high-speed and low-power CMOS dynamic comparator[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2009, 40(5): 1354
[15]LV Jian, QUE Longcheng, WEI Linhai, et al. Uncooled microbolometer infrared focal plane array without substrate temperature stabilization[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2014, 14(5): 1533. DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2014.2298512
[16]黄卓磊, 王玮冰, 蒋文静, 等. 一种具有高填充因子吸收层和低失调低噪声读出电路的红外探测系统[J]. 红外与毫米波学报, 2014, 33(1): 50HUANG Zhuolei, WANG Weibing, JIANG Wenjing, et al. Infrared detectors with high fill-factor absorber and low offset low noise readout circuit[J]. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 2014, 33(1): 50. DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1010.2014.00050