基于CFD的苹果隔板包装预冷温度场研究
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摘要
温度调控失误和物理损伤是影响采后水果质量损失的关键因素。以单层隔板包装箱和单层普通包装箱为研究对象,采用计算流体力学(Computer fluent dynamic,CFD)非稳态剪切压力SST k-ω三维湍流模型,比较相同初始条件和边界条件下,隔板包装与普通包装内部的温度场分布、风速场分布、冷却时间、冷却速率和冷却均匀性。结果表明:隔板包装和普通包装的冷却时间和冷却速率基本一致,冷却温度差值不超过0. 67℃,冷却速率差值不超过0. 012℃/min,隔板包装温度变异系数略大于普通包装温度变异系数,两种包装具有相同预冷效果,满足冷链运输过程中的预冷需求。对比模拟结果与实验结果,两种结果的均方根误差为1. 13℃,平均相对误差为8. 2%,证明了模拟结果的合理性和准确性。
Temperature mismanagement and physical damage are considered as the most common causes for postharvest losses of fresh fruit. The partition packaging and common packaging without partitions were taken as research objects. A three dimensional mathematical shear stress transport( SST) k-ω model of computational fluid dynamics( CFD) was established to simulate the temperature and velocity field distribution of partition packaging and common packaging under the same boundary condition and the same initial condition. Compared with cooling time,cooling rate and cooling uniform of two packages,the partition package and common package were basically the same,the difference of cooling temperature was not more than 0. 67℃,the maximum difference of cooling rate was 0. 012℃/min,and the coefficient of temperature variation of partition packaging was slightly larger than that of common packaging temperature. The two kinds of packaging had the same pre-cooling effect and met the pre-cooling requirement in cold chain transport. Compared with experimental results,the root mean square error of two packaging results was 1. 13℃ and the average relative error was 8. 2%,which proved the rationality and accuracy of simulated result. The research result was of great significance for the relationship between balance temperature loss and physical damage.
Temperature mismanagement and physical damage are considered as the most common causes for postharvest losses of fresh fruit. The partition packaging and common packaging without partitions were taken as research objects. A three dimensional mathematical shear stress transport( SST) k-ω model of computational fluid dynamics( CFD) was established to simulate the temperature and velocity field distribution of partition packaging and common packaging under the same boundary condition and the same initial condition. Compared with cooling time,cooling rate and cooling uniform of two packages,the partition package and common package were basically the same,the difference of cooling temperature was not more than 0. 67℃,the maximum difference of cooling rate was 0. 012℃/min,and the coefficient of temperature variation of partition packaging was slightly larger than that of common packaging temperature. The two kinds of packaging had the same pre-cooling effect and met the pre-cooling requirement in cold chain transport. Compared with experimental results,the root mean square error of two packaging results was 1. 13℃ and the average relative error was 8. 2%,which proved the rationality and accuracy of simulated result. The research result was of great significance for the relationship between balance temperature loss and physical damage.
引文
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[24]韩佳伟,赵春江,杨信廷,等.送风风速对苹果差压预冷性能的影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(11):280-289.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20151138&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10.6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2015. 11. 038.HAN Jiawei,ZHAO Chunjiang,YANG Xinting,et al. Effect of air-inflow velocity on cooling efficiency during forced-air precooling of apples[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(11):280-289.(in Chinese)
[25] DEFRAEYE T,CRONJE P,OPARA U L,et al. Towards integrated performance evaluation of future packaging for fresh produce in the cold chain[J]. Trends in Food Science and Technology,2015,44(2):201-225.
[2] OPARA U L,PATHARE P B. Bruise damage measurement and analysis of fresh horticultural produce—a review[J].Postharvest Biology&Technology,2014,91:9-24.
[3] OPARA U L,MDITSHWA A. A review on the role of packaging in securing food system:adding value to food products and reducing losses and waste[J]. African Journal of Agricultural Research,2013,8(22):2621-2630.
[4] PATHARE P B,OPARA U L. Structural design of corrugated boxes for horticultural produce:a review[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2014,125:128-140.
[5]赵春江,韩佳伟,杨信廷,等.冷链物流研究中的计算流体力学数值模拟技术[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(3):214-222. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20150331&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2015. 03. 031.ZHAO Chunjiang,HAN Jiawei,YANG Xinting,et al. Digital simulation technology of computational fluid dynamics in agricultural cold-chain logistics applications[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(3):214-222.(in Chinese)
[6] ZHAO C J,HAN J W,YANG X T,et al. A review of computational fluid dynamics for forced-air cooling process[J]. Applied Energy,2016,168:314-331.
[7] HAN J W,ZHAO C J,YANG X T,et al. Computational modeling of airflow and heat transfer in a vented box during cooling:optimal package design[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2015,91:883-893.
[8] DELELE M A,VERBOVEN P,HO Q T,et al. Advances in mathematical modelling of postharvest refrigeration processes[J].Stewart Postharvest Review,2010,6(2):1-8.
[9] PATHARE P B,OPARA U L,VIGNEAULT C,et al. Design of packaging vents for cooling fresh horticultural produce[J].Food&Bioprocess Technology,2012,5(6):2031-2045.
[10] AMBAW A,VERBOVEN P,DELELE M A,et al. CFD modelling of the 3D spatial and temporal distribution of1-methylcyclopropene in a fruit storage container[J]. Food&Bioprocess Technology,2013,6(9):2235-2250.
[11] FERRUA M J,SINGH R P. Modeling the forced-air cooling process of fresh strawberry packages,partⅠ:numerical model[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration,2009,32(2):335-348.
[12] FERRUA M J,SINGH R P. Modeling the forced-air cooling process of fresh strawberry packages,partⅡ:experimental validation of the flow model[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration,2009,32(2):349-358.
[13] HAN J W,QIAN J P,ZHAO C J,et al. Mathematical modelling of cooling efficiency of ventilated packaging:integral performance evaluation[J]. International Journal of Heat&Mass Transfer,2017,111:386-397.
[14] DELELE M A,NGCOBO M E K,GETAHUN S T,et al. Studying airflow and heat transfer characteristics of a horticultural produce packaging system using a 3-D CFD model. PartⅡ:effect of package design[J]. Postharvest Biology&Technology,2013,86(3):546-555.
[15] AMBAW A,MUKAMA M,OPARA U L. Analysis of the effects of package design on the rate and uniformity of cooling of stacked pomegranates:numerical and experimental studies[J]. Computers&Electronics in Agriculture,2017,136:13-24.
[16]李春飞,卢立新,宋姝妺.缓冲包装结构对箱装苹果振动损伤与动力学特性的影响[J].食品与生物技术学报,2007,26(3):10-13.LI Chunfei,LU Lixin,SONG Shumei. Effect of cushion packaging construction on vibration bruising and dynamic property of apples[J]. Journal of Food Science of Biotechnology,2007,26(3):10-13.(in Chinese)
[17]刘继飞.缓冲包装材料性能的分析方法与研究进展[J].包装工程,2014(7):149-155.LIU Jifei. Analysis method and research progress in cushioning performance of cushion packaging materials[J]. Packaging Engineering,2014(7):149-155.(in Chinese)
[18] O'SULLIVAN J,FERRUA M J,LOVE R,et al. Modelling the forced-air cooling mechanisms and performance of polylined horticultural produce[J]. Postharvest Biology&Technology,2016,120:23-35.
[19] AMBAW A,DELELE M A,DEFRAEYE T,et al. The use of CFD to characterize and design postharvest storage facilities:past,present and future[J]. Computers&Electronics in Agriculture,2013,93:184-194.
[20]张翔,韩佳伟,杨信廷,等.不同构造冷藏车箱体的冷却性能模拟与对比[J].制冷学报,2018,39(2):89-98.ZHANG Xiang,HAN Jiawei,YANG Xinting,et al. Simulation and comparison of cooling performances of refrigerated vehicle with different structures[J]. Journal of Refrigeration,2018,39(2):89-98.(in Chinese)
[21]韩佳伟,赵春江,钱建平,等.基于球体模型的苹果接触点局部处理方式研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(11):8-17. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20161102&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 11. 002.HAN Jiawei,ZHAO Chunjiang,QIAN Jianping,et al. Local processing mode of contact points for apples based on sphere models[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):8-17.(in Chinese)
[22]杨洲,陈朝海,段洁利,等.荔枝压差预冷包装箱内气流场模拟与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(增刊):215-217. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=2012s43&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2012. S0. 043.YANG Zhou,CHEN Chaohai,DUAN Jieli,et al. Simulation and experiment of airflow field in cartons of pressure difference precooling for litchi[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(Supp.):215-217.(in Chinese)
[23]陈秀勤,卢立新,王军.包装箱内层装果品差压预冷温度场的数值模拟与验证[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(12):249-257.CHEN Xiuqin,LU Lixin,WANG Jun. Numerical simulation and experimental verification of forced-air precooling temperature field inside fruit packaging box with multiple-layergrids[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(12):249-257.(in Chinese)
[24]韩佳伟,赵春江,杨信廷,等.送风风速对苹果差压预冷性能的影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(11):280-289.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20151138&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10.6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2015. 11. 038.HAN Jiawei,ZHAO Chunjiang,YANG Xinting,et al. Effect of air-inflow velocity on cooling efficiency during forced-air precooling of apples[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(11):280-289.(in Chinese)
[25] DEFRAEYE T,CRONJE P,OPARA U L,et al. Towards integrated performance evaluation of future packaging for fresh produce in the cold chain[J]. Trends in Food Science and Technology,2015,44(2):201-225.