分时阶梯电价-微电网联合优化调度的不确定二层规划方法
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摘要
微电网为分布式电源并网提供了有效的技术途径,微电网的优化运行是微电网领域的重要研究课题。电价是影响微电网系统经济收益的重要因素,为进一步提高微电网的经济效益,计及系统不确定性,采用不确定二层规划模型提出分时阶梯电价-微电网联合优化调度方法。首先建立分时阶梯电价下的负荷响应模型。其次以分时阶梯电价为上层决策者,以微电网综合效益最大为上层目标,以微电网优化运行方案为下层决策者,以综合运行成本最小为下层目标,分别计及必要约束条件,建立Maximin形式的不确定二层规划模型。采用混沌粒子群结合不确定函数模拟组成的综合智能算法对所提出的模型进行求解。最后通过一个算例表明,该模型适用于分时阶梯电价机制下微电网优化运行,其各项运行指标要优于原有分时电价机制下的。
Microgrid provides an effective technical approach for distributed generator interconnection. The optimal operation of microgrid is an important research subject in the field. Electricity price is an important factor affecting economic benefits of microgrid system. In order to improve the economic efficiency of the microgrid further, an uncertain bilevel programming model is used to propose a joint optimal dispatching method of TOU & tiered pricing and microgrid considering the uncertainty of the system. Firstly, a load response model based on TOU & tiered pricing is established.Secondly, taking the TOU & tiered pricing as the upper level decision maker, with the maximum comprehensive benefit of the microgrid as the upper goal, while the optimized operation scheme of microgrid as the lower level decision maker,taking the lowest comprehensive operation cost as the lower target, the uncertain bilevel programming model in Maximin form is built with necessary constraints taken into account respectively. The integrated intelligent algorithm based on chaotic particle swarm optimization combined with uncertain function simulation is used to solve the proposed model.Finally, an example shows that the model is suitable for the optimized operation of micro grid under the TOU & tiered pricing mechanism, and its operating indexes are better than that under the original TOU power price.
Microgrid provides an effective technical approach for distributed generator interconnection. The optimal operation of microgrid is an important research subject in the field. Electricity price is an important factor affecting economic benefits of microgrid system. In order to improve the economic efficiency of the microgrid further, an uncertain bilevel programming model is used to propose a joint optimal dispatching method of TOU & tiered pricing and microgrid considering the uncertainty of the system. Firstly, a load response model based on TOU & tiered pricing is established.Secondly, taking the TOU & tiered pricing as the upper level decision maker, with the maximum comprehensive benefit of the microgrid as the upper goal, while the optimized operation scheme of microgrid as the lower level decision maker,taking the lowest comprehensive operation cost as the lower target, the uncertain bilevel programming model in Maximin form is built with necessary constraints taken into account respectively. The integrated intelligent algorithm based on chaotic particle swarm optimization combined with uncertain function simulation is used to solve the proposed model.Finally, an example shows that the model is suitable for the optimized operation of micro grid under the TOU & tiered pricing mechanism, and its operating indexes are better than that under the original TOU power price.
引文
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[18]李鹏,徐伟娜,周泽远,等.基于改进万有引力搜索算法的微网优化运行[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(19):3073-3079.LI Peng,XU Weina,ZHOU Zeyuan,et al.Optimal operation of microgrid based on improved gravitational search algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(19):3073-3079.
[19]高金伍.不确定多层规划模型与算法[D].北京:清华大学,2005.
[20]李鹏,李涛,张双乐,等.基于混沌二进制粒子群算法的独立微网系统的微电源组合优化[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(12):33-38.LI Peng,LI Tao,ZHANG Shuangle,et al.Combinatorial optimization of micro-sources in standalone microgrid based on chaotic binary particle swarm optimization algorithm[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(12):33-38.
[21]彭锦,刘宝碇.不确定规划的研究现状及其发展前景[J].运筹与管理,2002,11(2):1-9.PENG Jin,LIU Baoding.Uncertain programming:current status and future prospects[J].Operations Research and Management Science,2002,11(2):1-9.
[22]吴昊,王艳松.基于智能单粒子算法的微电网经济调度[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(20):43-49.WU Hao,WANG Yansong.Economic dispatch of microgrid using intelligent single particle optimizer algorithm[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(20):43-49.
[23]陈洁,杨秀,朱兰,等.微网多目标经济调度优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(19):57-66,19.CHEN Jie,YANG Xiu,ZHU Lan,et al.Microgrid multiobjective economic dispatch optimization[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(19):57-66,19.
[2]LASSETER R,AKHIL A,MARNAY C,et al.Integration of distributed energy resources[C]//Proceedings of Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions.California:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2002:2-6.
[3]HU Bo,WANG He,YAO Sen.Optimal economic operation of isolated community microgrid incorporating temperature controlling devices[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(2):70-80.DOI:10.1186/s41601-017-0037-1.
[4]李鹏,张玲,王伟,等.微网技术应用与分析[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(20):109-115.LI Peng,ZHANG Ling,WANG Wei,et al.Application and analysis of microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(20):109-115.
[5]LI Han,ESEYE A T,ZHANG Jianhua,et al.Optimal energy management for industrial microgrids with highpenetration renewables[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(2):122-135.DOI:10.1186/s41601-017-0040-6.
[6]毛晓明,陈深,吴杰康,等.分时电价机制下含蓄电池微网的优化调度[J].电网技术,2015,39(5):1192-1197.MAO Xiaoming,CHEN Shen,WU Jiekang,et al.Optimal dispatching of microgrid containing battery under time-ofuse price mechanism[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(5):1192-1197.
[7]张明锐,陈洁,杜志超,等.考虑交互功率控制的微网经济运行[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(7):1013-1023.ZHANG Mingrui,CHEN Jie,DU Zhichao,et al.Economic operation of micro-grid considering regulation of interactive power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(7):1013-1023.
[8]邢龙,张沛超,方陈,等.基于广义需求侧资源的微网运行优化[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(12):7-12.XING Long,ZHANG Peichao,FANG Chen,et al.Optimal operation for microgrid using generalized demand side resources[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(12):7-12.
[9]李晅,马瑞,罗阳.基于Stackelberg博弈的微网价格型需求响应及供电定价优化[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(5):88-95.LI Xuan,MA Rui,LUO Yang.Price-based demand response of micro-grid and optimal pricing strategy based on Stackelberg game[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(5):88-95.
[10]马霖,张世荣.分时电价/阶梯电价下家庭并网光伏发电系统运行优化调度[J].电网技术,2016,40(3):819-825.MA Lin,ZHANG Shirong.Optimal operation scheduling of family grid-connected photovoltaic systems under time-of-use and ladder tariffs[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(3):819-825.
[11]王先齐,汤泽琦.基于分时电价机制的并网型微网多目标动态优化调度[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(4):9-18.WANG Xianqi,TANG Zeqi.Multiobjective dynamic optimal dispatching of grid-connected microgrid based on TOU power price mechanism[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(4):9-18.
[12]夏叶,康重庆,宁波,等.用户侧互动模式下发用电一体化调度计划[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(1):17-23.XIA Ye,KANG Chongqing,NING Bo,et al.A generation and load integrated scheduling on interaction mode on customer side[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(1):17-23.
[13]Benefits of demand response in electricity markets and recommendations for achieving them.A report to the United States Congress pursuant to section 1252 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005[R].DOE,US,2006.
[14]黄海涛,张粒子,乔慧婷.基于变密度聚类的居民阶梯分段电量制定方法[J].电网技术,2010,36(11):111-116.HUANG Haitao,ZHANG Lizi,QIAO Huiting.A method to determine step-shaped electricity consumption levels for residential area based on variable-density clustering[J].Power System Technology,2010,36(11):111-116.
[15]张粒子,黄海涛,归三荣.我国居民阶梯电价水平制定方法研究[J].价格理论与实践,2010(4):44-45.ZHANG Lizi,HUANG Haitao,GUI Sanrong.The method on price level of the residential block electricity tariff[J].Price Theory and Practice,2010(4):44-45.
[16]朱柯丁,宋艺航,谭忠富.居民生活阶梯电价设计优化模型[J].华东电力,2011,40(6):862-867.ZHU Keding,SONG Yihang,TAN Zhongfu.Design optimization model for tiered pricing of household electricity consumption[J].East China Electric Power,2011,40(6):862-867.
[17]李媛,罗琴,宋依群,等.基于需求响应的居民分时阶梯电价档位制定方法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(18):65-68,74.LI Yuan,LUO Qin,SONG Yiqun,et al.Study on tiered level determination of TOU&tiered pricing for residential electricity based on demand response[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(18):65-68,74.
[18]李鹏,徐伟娜,周泽远,等.基于改进万有引力搜索算法的微网优化运行[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(19):3073-3079.LI Peng,XU Weina,ZHOU Zeyuan,et al.Optimal operation of microgrid based on improved gravitational search algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(19):3073-3079.
[19]高金伍.不确定多层规划模型与算法[D].北京:清华大学,2005.
[20]李鹏,李涛,张双乐,等.基于混沌二进制粒子群算法的独立微网系统的微电源组合优化[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(12):33-38.LI Peng,LI Tao,ZHANG Shuangle,et al.Combinatorial optimization of micro-sources in standalone microgrid based on chaotic binary particle swarm optimization algorithm[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(12):33-38.
[21]彭锦,刘宝碇.不确定规划的研究现状及其发展前景[J].运筹与管理,2002,11(2):1-9.PENG Jin,LIU Baoding.Uncertain programming:current status and future prospects[J].Operations Research and Management Science,2002,11(2):1-9.
[22]吴昊,王艳松.基于智能单粒子算法的微电网经济调度[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(20):43-49.WU Hao,WANG Yansong.Economic dispatch of microgrid using intelligent single particle optimizer algorithm[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(20):43-49.
[23]陈洁,杨秀,朱兰,等.微网多目标经济调度优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(19):57-66,19.CHEN Jie,YANG Xiu,ZHU Lan,et al.Microgrid multiobjective economic dispatch optimization[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(19):57-66,19.