多年生水稻田主要害虫种类及种群动态
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摘要
【目的】为了明确多年生水稻田间主要害虫种类、种群发生及为害情况,为多年生水稻害虫的研究及防治提供科学依据。【方法】通过扫网法、盘拍法和目测法,采取五点取样调查记录多年生水稻及当地常规水稻田间害虫种类和数量,并记录水稻的卷叶数及白穗、枯心苗数量;利用四分位法对主要害虫发生情况进行分析。【结果】通过系统调查,多年生水稻第1季和常规水稻田间水稻害虫均共17种,隶属5目12科,且主要害虫均为稻飞虱、钻蛀性螟虫(主要为二化螟和三化螟)和稻纵卷叶螟;多年生水稻第2季田间水稻害虫共13种,隶属4目8科,稻飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟为主要害虫,常规水稻害虫共12种,隶属5目10科,稻飞虱、钻蛀性螟虫(主要为二化螟和三化螟)和稻纵卷叶螟为主要害虫。多年生水稻田和当年常规稻田中主要害虫种群动态趋势基本一致,多年生水稻(第1季)田间稻飞虱主要发生期在分蘖期至孕穗期,第2季田间稻飞虱主要发生期在拔节期至扬花期,多年生水稻(第2季)稻飞虱种群数量高于第1季,多年生水稻田(第1季、第2季)稻飞虱种群数量均高于当年常规稻。多年生水稻(第1季、第2季)和常规水稻田间稻纵卷叶螟主要发生期均在抽穗期至乳熟期,多年生水稻第1季受稻纵卷叶螟为害同常规水稻差异不显著,多年生水稻(第2季)田间稻纵卷叶螟平均为害率显著高于第1季和当年常规水稻。【结论】多年生水稻(第1季)田间主要害虫种类及主要发生时期与常规水稻田基本一致;多年生水稻(第2季)受害虫为害较第1季更为严重。
[Purpose]To identify species of main pests at perennial rice field, analyze its population dynamics and occurrence, to provide a scientific basis for pest control at perennial rice field.[Method]With the sweep sampling, plate beating and visual inspection, the five points sampling method was used to record the number of insect species, roll leaves, white panicle and dead heart seedlings at perennial and conventional rice field. Quartile method was used to analyze the case of main insects occurrence.[Result]17 species of pests were collected at perennial rice field(the 1 st season) and conventional rice field, the main pests were rice planthopper, Chilo suppressalis, Tryporyza incertulas and Cnaphalocrais medinalis; 13 species of pests were collected at perennial rice field(the 2 nd season), the main pests were rice planthopper and C. medinalis, 12 species of pests were collected at conventional rice field, the main pests were rice planthopper, C. suppressalis, T. incertulas and C. medinalis. The trend of the main pest population dynamics in the perennial rice fields and the conventional rice field was basically the same. At perennial rice field, the main season of rice planthopper was from tillering stage to booting stage at the 1 st season and from jointing stage to flowering stage at the 2 nd season, the population of planthopper in perennial rice(season second) was higher than the 1 st season, and the population of planthopper in perennial rice(season 1 st and 2 nd) were higher than conventional rice. The main occurrence period of C. medinalis is from heading stage to milk ripening period whether it's the perennial or conventional rice. In the 1 st season of perennial rice,the difference of the damage by C. medinalis between the perennial and conventional rice was not significant. The damage at the 2 nd season were significantly higher than the 1 st season and the conventional rice.[Conclusion]The species of main pests and their main season at perennial rice were the same as conventional rice, but the damage by main pests at the second season were higher.
[Purpose]To identify species of main pests at perennial rice field, analyze its population dynamics and occurrence, to provide a scientific basis for pest control at perennial rice field.[Method]With the sweep sampling, plate beating and visual inspection, the five points sampling method was used to record the number of insect species, roll leaves, white panicle and dead heart seedlings at perennial and conventional rice field. Quartile method was used to analyze the case of main insects occurrence.[Result]17 species of pests were collected at perennial rice field(the 1 st season) and conventional rice field, the main pests were rice planthopper, Chilo suppressalis, Tryporyza incertulas and Cnaphalocrais medinalis; 13 species of pests were collected at perennial rice field(the 2 nd season), the main pests were rice planthopper and C. medinalis, 12 species of pests were collected at conventional rice field, the main pests were rice planthopper, C. suppressalis, T. incertulas and C. medinalis. The trend of the main pest population dynamics in the perennial rice fields and the conventional rice field was basically the same. At perennial rice field, the main season of rice planthopper was from tillering stage to booting stage at the 1 st season and from jointing stage to flowering stage at the 2 nd season, the population of planthopper in perennial rice(season second) was higher than the 1 st season, and the population of planthopper in perennial rice(season 1 st and 2 nd) were higher than conventional rice. The main occurrence period of C. medinalis is from heading stage to milk ripening period whether it's the perennial or conventional rice. In the 1 st season of perennial rice,the difference of the damage by C. medinalis between the perennial and conventional rice was not significant. The damage at the 2 nd season were significantly higher than the 1 st season and the conventional rice.[Conclusion]The species of main pests and their main season at perennial rice were the same as conventional rice, but the damage by main pests at the second season were higher.
引文
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[18]张振飞,肖汉祥,李燕芳,等.水稻品种‘Rathu Heenati’、‘玉香油占’对稻飞虱及其捕食性天敌田间种群动态的影响[J].植物保护,2014,40(2):58.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2014.02.011.
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[2]段永华,张钟,郭春平,等.云南省水稻生产的区域比较优势分析[J].农业开发与装备,2015(4):16.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-9205.2015.04.016.
[3]赵家林.云南水稻种植现状及发展策略[J].农业开发与装备,2017(1):46.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-9205.2017.01.041.
[4]钟决龙,南天竹.我国水稻主要虫害发生、防治的现状及其发展趋势[J].农药研究与应用,2008(6):1.
[5]董坤,董艳,王海龙,等.水稻多元有害生物为害特征及产量损失量化[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6124.DOI:10.5846/stxb201301280183.
[6]石兆云,唐志敏,李宁.云南省水稻主要病虫害的发生与防治[J].现代化农业,2016(3):9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0254.2016.03.007.
[7]董坤,董艳,王海龙,等.云南稻作区主要有害生物发生动态及其复合为害[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(1):201.DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.2014.01.028.
[8]陈大洲,肖叶青.多年生水稻育种研究进展[C]//中国作物学会水稻产业分会成立大会和首届中国稻米论坛论文集.杭州:中国作物学会,2003.
[9]陈璨,阮先乐,常云霞,等.多年生粮食作物研究现状[J].生物学教学,2012,37(8):2.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-7549.2012.08.001.
[10]田超,靳嵩,李集临,等.多年生作物的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013(18):16.DOI:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0107.
[11]GURR G M,LU Z X,ZHENG X S,et al.Multi-country evidence that crop diversification promotes ecological intensification of agriculture[J].Nature Plants,2016,2(3):16014.DOI:10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.14.
[12]LU Z X,ZHU P Y,GURR G M,et al.Rice Pest Management by ecological engineering:a pioneering attempt in China[M]//HEONG K L,CHENG J A,ESCALADAM M.Rice planthoppers.Netherlands:Springer,2015.
[13]ZHANG X M,YANG N W,WAN F H,et al.Density and seasonal dynamics of Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)mediterranean on common crops and weeds around cotton fields in Northern China[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2014,13(10):2211.DOI:10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60613-9.
[14]张晓明,杨念婉,万方浩.烟粉虱MED隐种在不同种植模式棉田中的分布型研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2013,35(5):560.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0858.2013.05.02.
[15]江峻峰.南方水稻主要病虫害的防治[J].现代农业科技,2011(21):187.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2011.21.115.
[16]廖坚强.南方水稻的主要病虫害及防治措施[J].南方农业,2016(27):45.DOI:10.19415/j.cnki.1673-890x.2016.27.028.
[17]陈仕高,朱明华,蒲正国,等.白背飞虱种群田间自然消长动态研究[C]//中国植物保护学会2006学术年会.昆明:中国植物保护学会,2006.
[18]张振飞,肖汉祥,李燕芳,等.水稻品种‘Rathu Heenati’、‘玉香油占’对稻飞虱及其捕食性天敌田间种群动态的影响[J].植物保护,2014,40(2):58.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2014.02.011.
[19]GLOVER J D,REGANOLD J P,BELL L W,et al.Increased food and ecosystem security via perennialgrains[J].Science,2010,328(5986):1638.DOI:10.1126/science.1188761.
[20]ZHANG S L,HU J,YANG C D,et al.Genotype by environment interactions for grain yield of perennial rice derivatives(Oryza sativa L./Oryza longistaminata)in southern China and Laos[J].Field Crops Research,2017,207:62.DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2017.03.007.