基于互耦效应的相控阵天线有源反射系数研究
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摘要
建立逼真高效的互耦效应分析模型对相控阵天线设计至关重要。阵列天线的互耦效应通常可以用有源反射系数显性化表征,分别采用无限阵仿真与散射(耦合)系数综合实验相结合的方法提取了阵列天线的有源反射系数。首先基于无限阵方法设计相控阵渐变开槽天线,优化并获取无限阵列环境下的中心单元有源反射系数,再依据设计结果研制169单元阵列天线,通过实验测试提取中心单元与其它各激励单元的散射系数的幅值与相位变化,最后采用散射(耦合)系数法综合出有限大阵列的有源反射系数。无限阵仿真结果与有限阵实测结果在扫描盲点出现角度、频段、有源驻波整体趋势等方面吻合良好,从而验证了无限阵设计方法在天线工程设计中的实际效果。
The realistic and efficient mutual coupling analysis model is very essential for the design of phased array antennas. The mutual coupling effect of the array can usually be characterized by the active reflection coefficient explicitly. In this paper, the active reflection coefficient of array antenna has been extracted by the infinite array method based on simulation and scattering(coupling) coefficient synthesis method from experiment study. First, infinite array method is adopted to design the phased array antenna. The properties of the active reflection coefficient of the central element are optimized and obtained in an infinite array environment. Then the array antenna with 169 elements are studied and developed. The amplitude and phase changes of the scattering coefficients between the central element and any other element are tested and recorded. Finally, the scattering coefficient synthesis method is used to calculate the active reflection coefficient from the experiment data. The experimental results of the finite array are demonstrated that the angles and frequency bands of the scan blindness, the magnitude and the overall trend of the active reflection coefficient all agree well with the simulation results of infinite array method. As a result, the practical effect has been well verified.
The realistic and efficient mutual coupling analysis model is very essential for the design of phased array antennas. The mutual coupling effect of the array can usually be characterized by the active reflection coefficient explicitly. In this paper, the active reflection coefficient of array antenna has been extracted by the infinite array method based on simulation and scattering(coupling) coefficient synthesis method from experiment study. First, infinite array method is adopted to design the phased array antenna. The properties of the active reflection coefficient of the central element are optimized and obtained in an infinite array environment. Then the array antenna with 169 elements are studied and developed. The amplitude and phase changes of the scattering coefficients between the central element and any other element are tested and recorded. Finally, the scattering coefficient synthesis method is used to calculate the active reflection coefficient from the experiment data. The experimental results of the finite array are demonstrated that the angles and frequency bands of the scan blindness, the magnitude and the overall trend of the active reflection coefficient all agree well with the simulation results of infinite array method. As a result, the practical effect has been well verified.
引文
[1] Amitay N, Galindo V, Wu C P. Theory and analysis of phased array antennas[M]. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1972
[2] Mailloux R J. Phased array antenna handbook[M]. Boston: Artech House, 1994
[3] Hansen R C. Phased array antennas[M]. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1998
[4] Bhattacharyya A K. Phased array antennas[M]. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 2006
[5] Skrivervik A, Mosig J. Analysis of finite phased arrays of microstrip patches[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1993, 41(8): 1105-1114
[6] Neto A, Maci S, Vecchi G, et al. A truncated Floquet wave diffraction method for the full wave analysis of large phased arrays(I) Basic principles and 2-D cases[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2000, 48(4): 594-600
[7] Craeye C, Tijhuis A, Schaubert D. An efficient MoM formulation for finite-by-infinite arrays of two-dimensional antennas arranged in a three dimensional structure[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2004, 52(1): 271-282
[8] Lu W B, Cui T J, Qian Z G, et al. Accurate analysis of large-scale periodic structures using an efficient sub-entire-domain basis function method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2004, 52(11): 3078-3085
[9] Beckers D J, van Eijndhoven S J L, van de Ven A A F, et al. Eigencurrent analysis of resonant behavior in finite antenna arrays[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2006, 54(6): 2821-2829
[10] Maaskant R, Mittra R, Tijhuis A. Application of trapezoidal-shaped characteristic basis functions to arrays of electronically interconnected antenna elements[A] . International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications[C], 2007. 567-571
[11] Maaskant Rob, Mittra Raj. Fast analysis of large antenna arrays using the characteristic basis function method and the adaptive cross approximation algorithm[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2008, 56(11): 3440-3451
[12] Smolders A B. Design and construction of a broadband wide-scan angle phased-array antenna with 4096 radiating elements[A]. IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology[C], 1996.87-92沈静 女,1983年生,博士生。主要研究方向:宽带宽角相控阵天线设计与隐身设计。E-mail: charlbrown1025@aliyun.com
[2] Mailloux R J. Phased array antenna handbook[M]. Boston: Artech House, 1994
[3] Hansen R C. Phased array antennas[M]. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1998
[4] Bhattacharyya A K. Phased array antennas[M]. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 2006
[5] Skrivervik A, Mosig J. Analysis of finite phased arrays of microstrip patches[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1993, 41(8): 1105-1114
[6] Neto A, Maci S, Vecchi G, et al. A truncated Floquet wave diffraction method for the full wave analysis of large phased arrays(I) Basic principles and 2-D cases[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2000, 48(4): 594-600
[7] Craeye C, Tijhuis A, Schaubert D. An efficient MoM formulation for finite-by-infinite arrays of two-dimensional antennas arranged in a three dimensional structure[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2004, 52(1): 271-282
[8] Lu W B, Cui T J, Qian Z G, et al. Accurate analysis of large-scale periodic structures using an efficient sub-entire-domain basis function method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2004, 52(11): 3078-3085
[9] Beckers D J, van Eijndhoven S J L, van de Ven A A F, et al. Eigencurrent analysis of resonant behavior in finite antenna arrays[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2006, 54(6): 2821-2829
[10] Maaskant R, Mittra R, Tijhuis A. Application of trapezoidal-shaped characteristic basis functions to arrays of electronically interconnected antenna elements[A] . International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications[C], 2007. 567-571
[11] Maaskant Rob, Mittra Raj. Fast analysis of large antenna arrays using the characteristic basis function method and the adaptive cross approximation algorithm[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2008, 56(11): 3440-3451
[12] Smolders A B. Design and construction of a broadband wide-scan angle phased-array antenna with 4096 radiating elements[A]. IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology[C], 1996.87-92沈静 女,1983年生,博士生。主要研究方向:宽带宽角相控阵天线设计与隐身设计。E-mail: charlbrown1025@aliyun.com