海拔差异对青稞品质影响的研究
|
摘要
青稞在不同海拔高度种植会影响籽粒品质和农艺性状,为探究青稞品种在不同海拔区域的品质差异性,从而为不同海拔地区青稞生产区域布局及优质高产青稞品种的选育提供依据;试验通过在西藏自治区内外5个不同海拔地区种植2个推广型青稞品种藏青25和喜马拉22号,经品质方面多重比较分析,发现海拔对青稞籽粒的品质影响显著,随着海拔升高,藏青25和喜马拉22号籽粒淀粉、脂肪含量均随海拔升高先降低后升高又降低,藏青25和喜马拉22号Ca、Cu含量均随着海拔的升高先升高后降低,籽粒中Fe、Mg、Mn、Na、P、Zn的含量随海拔升高先升高后降低再升高。藏青25的蛋白质含量在海拔3 658 m时最高;在海拔3 658 m处有所升高,可能原因是当地海拔育种过程中的品质定向积累作用;海拔对青稞灰分、含水量影响不显著。藏青25籽粒黄酮含量呈增加趋势,喜马拉22号黄酮含量先升高后降低。β-葡聚糖含量总体呈先降低后升高趋势,氨基酸呈先增加后降低趋势,青稞中γ-氨基丁酸含量变化不明显。
Different altitude will have influence on the grain quality and agronomic trait for barley plant, the reference to barley produced overall arrangement and breeding can be provided according to quality difference of barley in different altitude. This experiment was conducted by planting Zangqing 25 and Himalaya 22 which had be popularization in Tibet in five different altitude areas, by multiple comparison analysis of the quality characteristic, it can be learned that altitude is quite influential in terms of the grain quality of barley. As the altitude increasing, starch and fat content in Zangqing 25 and Himalaya 22 ranged from decline to rising and decline again, Ca, Cu content range from rising to decline, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Zn contents in grain ranged from rising to decline and then rising again. Zangiqng 25 has the highest protein content at the altitude of 3 658 m, this may be due to the effects of quality directed accumulation in local altitude breeding; At the same time, altitude have no obviously influence on ash and moisture content. The total flavonoid content has an increasing trend in Zangqing 25 and Himalaya 22 increases at first and then decreases. The content trend of beta glucan with altitude decreases first and rising latterly; Amino acid is contrary to beta glucan; ultimately, gamma-aminobutyric acid has no obvious change with altitude increasing.
Different altitude will have influence on the grain quality and agronomic trait for barley plant, the reference to barley produced overall arrangement and breeding can be provided according to quality difference of barley in different altitude. This experiment was conducted by planting Zangqing 25 and Himalaya 22 which had be popularization in Tibet in five different altitude areas, by multiple comparison analysis of the quality characteristic, it can be learned that altitude is quite influential in terms of the grain quality of barley. As the altitude increasing, starch and fat content in Zangqing 25 and Himalaya 22 ranged from decline to rising and decline again, Ca, Cu content range from rising to decline, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Zn contents in grain ranged from rising to decline and then rising again. Zangiqng 25 has the highest protein content at the altitude of 3 658 m, this may be due to the effects of quality directed accumulation in local altitude breeding; At the same time, altitude have no obviously influence on ash and moisture content. The total flavonoid content has an increasing trend in Zangqing 25 and Himalaya 22 increases at first and then decreases. The content trend of beta glucan with altitude decreases first and rising latterly; Amino acid is contrary to beta glucan; ultimately, gamma-aminobutyric acid has no obvious change with altitude increasing.
引文
[1]王建林,胡单.西藏栽培大麦的遗传多样性中心[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(1):133-137WANG J L, HU D. A study on genetic diversity centers of Tibet cultivated barley[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2004,28(1):133-137
[2]朱印酒.西藏青稞资源与分布特征[J].西藏大学学报(自然科学版),2011,26(1):42-45ZHU Y J. Resources and distribution characteristics of Tibetan Hordeum vulgare[J]. Journal of Tibet University,2011,26(1):42-45
[3] LI J, YUAN J C, CAI G Z. Advances in the research of elevation on rice yield and quality[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(24):1-4
[4]JING X U, GUO-ZHEN D U, WEN-LONG L I, et al.Effects of temperature and altitude on the evolutional characteristics of seed germination in an alpine meadow[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University,2013,49(3):377-383
[5]侯维海,王建林,旦巴,等.不同生态因子条件下西藏青稞种子表型性状的相关分析[J].核农学报,2017,31(10):2063-2071HUO W H,WANG J L,DAN B. et al. Phenotypic correlation analysis of hullessbarley kernel traits form tibet plateau region under the condition of different ecological environment[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2017,31(10):2063-2071
[6]郭铭,闫栋,马增科,等.不同海拔地区对大麦农艺性状和品质的影响[J].大麦与谷类科学,2017(6):22-29GUO M,YAN D,MA Z K,et al. Effects of altitude on the agronomic and qualitative characters of barley[J]. Barley and Cereal Sciences,2017(6):22-29
[7]郑顺林,张仪,李世林,等.不同海拔高度对紫色马铃薯产量、品质及花青素含量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(4):1420-1423ZHENG S L,ZHANG Y,LI S L,et al. Effects of different altitudes on yield, quality and anthocyanin content of purple potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2013,26(4):1420-1423
[8]李敏,刘志雄,方正武.不同海拔高度对苦荞子粒营养成分的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(23):6076-6078LI M,LIU Z X,FANG Z W. Effects of different altitudes on seed nutrient content of fagopyrum tataricum[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(23):6076-6078
[9]刘淑云,董树亭,胡昌浩.不同海拔高度对玉米品质性状影响的研究[J].玉米科学,2005,13(2):68-71LIU S Y,DONG S Tg,HU C H. The study of latitude and altitude affecting to naize quality[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences,2005,13(2):68-71
[10]孟亚雄,赵向田,马小乐,等.海拔对啤酒大麦产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(9):1258-1263MENG Y X,ZHAO X T,MA X L,et al. Effect of altitude on quality and yield of different malting barley varieties[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(9):1258-1263
[11]曾兴权,王玉林,徐齐君,等.利用SSR引物分析西藏青稞种质资源的遗传多样性[J].麦类作物学报,2013, 33(2):260-267ZENG X Q,WANG Y L,XU Q J,et al. Assessment of genetic diversity in tibetan hulless barley germplasm(Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum HK. f.)by SSR Primers[J]. Journalof Triticeae Crops, 2013, 33(2):260-267
[12]孟亚雄,孟祎林,汪军成,等.青稞遗传多样性及其农艺性状与SSR标记的关联分析[J].作物学报,2016,42(2):180-189MENG Y X,MENG Y L,WANG J C,et al. Genetic diversity and association analysis of agronomic characteristics with SSR markers in hulless barley[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2016,42(2):180-189
[13] GUPTA P K,RUSTGI S, KUMAR N. Genetic and molecular basis of grain size and grain number and its relevance to grain productivity in higher plants.[J]. Genome,2006,49(6):565-571
[14] Moles A T,Ackerly D D, Webb C 0, et al. Factors that shape seed mass evolution[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2005,102(30):10540-10544
[15]朱睦元,张京.大麦(青稞)营养分析及其食品加工[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2015:5ZHU M Y,ZHANG J. Nutrition analysis and food process of barley[M]. Zhejiang University Press,2015:5
[16] HULSHOF C M,VIOLLE C,SPASOJEVIC M J,et al. Intra-specific and inter-specific variation in specific leaf area the importance of abiotic and biotic drivers of species diversity across elevation and latitude[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science 2013,1(28):921-931
[17]李燕山,钱彩霞,刘志祥,等.不同高淀粉马铃薯品系在不同生态条件下的淀粉含量及淀粉产量实验[J].现代农业科技,2010,22:105-108LI Y S,QIAN C X,LIU Z X,et al. Starch content and starch yield of different high starch potato strains under different ecological environments[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2010,22:105-108
[18]吴昆仑.基因型与环境效应对青稞淀粉含量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(2):422-424WU K L. Influence of genotype and environment on starch content of hulless barley[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural, 2011,24(2):422-424
[19]王建林,钟志明,冯西博,等.青藏高原青稞蛋白质含量空间分异规律及其与环境因子的关系[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(6):969-977WANG J L,ZHONG Z M,FENG X B,et al,Spatial distribution regulation of protein content of naked barley varieties and Its relationships with environmental factors in qinghaitibet plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(6):969-977
[20]吴雪莲,曲航,邱城,等.产地及品种对西藏青稞营养品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2017(9):1246-1254WU X L, QU H, QIU C, et al. Effect of location and varietyon the nutritional quality of tibetan hulless barley[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2017(9):1246-1254
[21]徐菲,党斌,杨希娟,等.不同青稞品种的营养品质评价[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(9):1249-1257XU F,DANG B,YANG X J,et al. Evaluation of nutritional quality of different hulless barleys[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(9):1249-1257
[22] ZHANG G,CHEN J,WANGJ,et al. Cultivar and Environmental effects on(1→3,1→4)β-D-glucan and proteincontent in malting barley[J]. Journal of Cereal Science,2001,34(34):293-301
[23]时政,黄凯丰,王莹,等.贵州省不同生态区荞麦蛋白质、黄酮含量变异研究[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(4):70-72.SHI Z,HUANG K F,WANG Y,et al. Study on variation of protein and flavone in different ecological areas of guizhou province[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(4):70-72.
[2]朱印酒.西藏青稞资源与分布特征[J].西藏大学学报(自然科学版),2011,26(1):42-45ZHU Y J. Resources and distribution characteristics of Tibetan Hordeum vulgare[J]. Journal of Tibet University,2011,26(1):42-45
[3] LI J, YUAN J C, CAI G Z. Advances in the research of elevation on rice yield and quality[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(24):1-4
[4]JING X U, GUO-ZHEN D U, WEN-LONG L I, et al.Effects of temperature and altitude on the evolutional characteristics of seed germination in an alpine meadow[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University,2013,49(3):377-383
[5]侯维海,王建林,旦巴,等.不同生态因子条件下西藏青稞种子表型性状的相关分析[J].核农学报,2017,31(10):2063-2071HUO W H,WANG J L,DAN B. et al. Phenotypic correlation analysis of hullessbarley kernel traits form tibet plateau region under the condition of different ecological environment[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2017,31(10):2063-2071
[6]郭铭,闫栋,马增科,等.不同海拔地区对大麦农艺性状和品质的影响[J].大麦与谷类科学,2017(6):22-29GUO M,YAN D,MA Z K,et al. Effects of altitude on the agronomic and qualitative characters of barley[J]. Barley and Cereal Sciences,2017(6):22-29
[7]郑顺林,张仪,李世林,等.不同海拔高度对紫色马铃薯产量、品质及花青素含量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(4):1420-1423ZHENG S L,ZHANG Y,LI S L,et al. Effects of different altitudes on yield, quality and anthocyanin content of purple potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2013,26(4):1420-1423
[8]李敏,刘志雄,方正武.不同海拔高度对苦荞子粒营养成分的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(23):6076-6078LI M,LIU Z X,FANG Z W. Effects of different altitudes on seed nutrient content of fagopyrum tataricum[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(23):6076-6078
[9]刘淑云,董树亭,胡昌浩.不同海拔高度对玉米品质性状影响的研究[J].玉米科学,2005,13(2):68-71LIU S Y,DONG S Tg,HU C H. The study of latitude and altitude affecting to naize quality[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences,2005,13(2):68-71
[10]孟亚雄,赵向田,马小乐,等.海拔对啤酒大麦产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(9):1258-1263MENG Y X,ZHAO X T,MA X L,et al. Effect of altitude on quality and yield of different malting barley varieties[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(9):1258-1263
[11]曾兴权,王玉林,徐齐君,等.利用SSR引物分析西藏青稞种质资源的遗传多样性[J].麦类作物学报,2013, 33(2):260-267ZENG X Q,WANG Y L,XU Q J,et al. Assessment of genetic diversity in tibetan hulless barley germplasm(Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum HK. f.)by SSR Primers[J]. Journalof Triticeae Crops, 2013, 33(2):260-267
[12]孟亚雄,孟祎林,汪军成,等.青稞遗传多样性及其农艺性状与SSR标记的关联分析[J].作物学报,2016,42(2):180-189MENG Y X,MENG Y L,WANG J C,et al. Genetic diversity and association analysis of agronomic characteristics with SSR markers in hulless barley[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2016,42(2):180-189
[13] GUPTA P K,RUSTGI S, KUMAR N. Genetic and molecular basis of grain size and grain number and its relevance to grain productivity in higher plants.[J]. Genome,2006,49(6):565-571
[14] Moles A T,Ackerly D D, Webb C 0, et al. Factors that shape seed mass evolution[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2005,102(30):10540-10544
[15]朱睦元,张京.大麦(青稞)营养分析及其食品加工[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2015:5ZHU M Y,ZHANG J. Nutrition analysis and food process of barley[M]. Zhejiang University Press,2015:5
[16] HULSHOF C M,VIOLLE C,SPASOJEVIC M J,et al. Intra-specific and inter-specific variation in specific leaf area the importance of abiotic and biotic drivers of species diversity across elevation and latitude[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science 2013,1(28):921-931
[17]李燕山,钱彩霞,刘志祥,等.不同高淀粉马铃薯品系在不同生态条件下的淀粉含量及淀粉产量实验[J].现代农业科技,2010,22:105-108LI Y S,QIAN C X,LIU Z X,et al. Starch content and starch yield of different high starch potato strains under different ecological environments[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2010,22:105-108
[18]吴昆仑.基因型与环境效应对青稞淀粉含量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(2):422-424WU K L. Influence of genotype and environment on starch content of hulless barley[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural, 2011,24(2):422-424
[19]王建林,钟志明,冯西博,等.青藏高原青稞蛋白质含量空间分异规律及其与环境因子的关系[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(6):969-977WANG J L,ZHONG Z M,FENG X B,et al,Spatial distribution regulation of protein content of naked barley varieties and Its relationships with environmental factors in qinghaitibet plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(6):969-977
[20]吴雪莲,曲航,邱城,等.产地及品种对西藏青稞营养品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2017(9):1246-1254WU X L, QU H, QIU C, et al. Effect of location and varietyon the nutritional quality of tibetan hulless barley[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2017(9):1246-1254
[21]徐菲,党斌,杨希娟,等.不同青稞品种的营养品质评价[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(9):1249-1257XU F,DANG B,YANG X J,et al. Evaluation of nutritional quality of different hulless barleys[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(9):1249-1257
[22] ZHANG G,CHEN J,WANGJ,et al. Cultivar and Environmental effects on(1→3,1→4)β-D-glucan and proteincontent in malting barley[J]. Journal of Cereal Science,2001,34(34):293-301
[23]时政,黄凯丰,王莹,等.贵州省不同生态区荞麦蛋白质、黄酮含量变异研究[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(4):70-72.SHI Z,HUANG K F,WANG Y,et al. Study on variation of protein and flavone in different ecological areas of guizhou province[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(4):70-72.