烟叶钾含量种质间差异分析及其田间鉴定指标筛选
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摘要
【目的】探讨烟叶钾含量田间鉴定指标筛选,分析烟草种质间烟叶钾含量差异,筛选其田间鉴定指标,建立可靠的数学评价模型。【方法】以31份烟草种质为试材,采用田间试验,调查株高(x_1)、茎围(x_2)、节距(x_3)、叶数(x_4)、最大叶长(x_5)、最大叶宽(x_6)、主侧脉夹角(x_7)、茎叶夹角(x_8)、花冠长度(x_9)、花冠直径(x_(10))、花萼长度(x_(11))11个形态特征指标,运用聚类分析、主成分分析、因子分析和多元逐步回归分析方法对烟叶钾含量进行综合评价。【结果】通过聚类分析将31份烟草种质聚类分成高钾种质、中钾种质、低钾种质3种类型。通过主成分分析将11个形态特征指标转换成5个彼此独立的综合指标,代表了全部数据84.624%的信息量。通过多元逐步回归分析建立烟叶钾含量的数学评价模型y=-1.699+0.041x_5+0.831x_(10)(R~2=0.9602),估计精度在89.66%以上。【结论】叶长及花冠直径对烟叶钾含量信息有极显著的反映能力,可作为烟叶钾含量的田间鉴定指标。
[Objective]In this paper, the screening of field identification indicators of potassium content in tobacco leaves was explored and the difference of potassium content among tobacco germplasms was analyzed in order to select suitable identification indicators and establish a mathematical evaluation model.[Method]31 tobacco germplasms were treated in field experiments. 11 morphological characteristic indicators, such as plant height(x_1), stem girth(x_2),intermodal distance(x_3), leaf number(x_4), maximum leaf length(x_5), maximum leaf width(x_6), angle of lateral vto midrib(x_7), angle between stem and leaf(x_8), corolla length(x_9), corolla diameter(x_(10))and calyx length(x_(11))were investigated and hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, factor analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the potassium content in tobacco leaves. [Result]Results revealed that 31 tobacco germplasm were clustered into high potassium germplasm, medium potassium germplasm and low potassium germplasm by cluster analysis. 11 single indexes were transformed into 5 independent comprehensive indicators through principal component analysis, which represented 84.624% of the whole data of the traits related to tobacco potassium content. And a mathematical evaluation model of potassium content in tobacco leaves was established by multiple stepwise regression analysis, i.e.y=-1.699+0.041 x_5+0.831 x_(10)(R~2=0.9602),with an accuracy of 89.66%.[Conclusion]Leaf length(x_5)and corolla diameter(x_(10))reflected the potassium content of tobacco leaves significantly and could be used as field identification indicators for the potassium content of tobacco leaves.
[Objective]In this paper, the screening of field identification indicators of potassium content in tobacco leaves was explored and the difference of potassium content among tobacco germplasms was analyzed in order to select suitable identification indicators and establish a mathematical evaluation model.[Method]31 tobacco germplasms were treated in field experiments. 11 morphological characteristic indicators, such as plant height(x_1), stem girth(x_2),intermodal distance(x_3), leaf number(x_4), maximum leaf length(x_5), maximum leaf width(x_6), angle of lateral vto midrib(x_7), angle between stem and leaf(x_8), corolla length(x_9), corolla diameter(x_(10))and calyx length(x_(11))were investigated and hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, factor analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the potassium content in tobacco leaves. [Result]Results revealed that 31 tobacco germplasm were clustered into high potassium germplasm, medium potassium germplasm and low potassium germplasm by cluster analysis. 11 single indexes were transformed into 5 independent comprehensive indicators through principal component analysis, which represented 84.624% of the whole data of the traits related to tobacco potassium content. And a mathematical evaluation model of potassium content in tobacco leaves was established by multiple stepwise regression analysis, i.e.y=-1.699+0.041 x_5+0.831 x_(10)(R~2=0.9602),with an accuracy of 89.66%.[Conclusion]Leaf length(x_5)and corolla diameter(x_(10))reflected the potassium content of tobacco leaves significantly and could be used as field identification indicators for the potassium content of tobacco leaves.
引文
[1]杨铁钊,晁逢春,丁永乐,王瑞华.烟草不同基因型叶片钾积累特性及变异分析[J].中国烟草学报,2002,8(3):11-16.YANG T Z,CHAO F C,DING Y L,WANG R H.Analysis on potassium accumulation characteristics and genetic variation in tobacco leaves[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2002,8(3):11-16.
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[3]韩锦峰,杨素勤,王永华,岳彩鹏,张秀英.不同相伴阴离子钾肥对烤烟光合特性、钾含量及化学成分的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2002,8(3):22-25.HAN J F,YANG S Q,WANG Y H,YUE C P,ZHANG X Y.The effects of different potassium fertilizer on potassium content and photosynthetic characteristics in flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2002,8(3):22-25.
[4]樊文强,孙鑫,杨爱国,程立锐,张忠锋,任民.基于关联分析发掘烟草高钾优异等位变异[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(2):100-107.FAN W Q,SUN X,YANG A G,CHENG L R,ZHANG Z F,REN M.Exploring high-potassium favorable allele mutation of tobacco based on genome-wide association analysis[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2016,22(2):100-107.
[5]ZHANG J,GE Y,HAN F,LI B,YAN S,SUN J,WANG L.Isoflavone vContent of Soybean Cultivars from Maturity Group 0 to VI Grown in Northern and Southern China[J].Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society,2014,91(6):1019-1024.
[6]杨乐琦,仇淑芳,唐菲,黄丹枫,唐东芹.基于主成分分析的观赏生菜品质综合评价[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2015,33(3):53-60.YANG L Q,QIU S F,TANG F,HUANG D F,TANG D Q.Comprehensive Evaluation for Ornamental Lettuce Based on Principal Component Analysis[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2015,33(3):53-60.
[7]SINGH S K,KAKANI V G,BRAND D,BALDWIN B,BALDWIN,REDDY K R.Assessment of Cold and Heat Tolerance of Winter‐grown Canola(Brassica napus L.)Cultivars by Pollen‐based Parameters[J].Journal of Agronomy&Crop Science,2008,194(3):225-236.
[8]路之娟,张永清,张楚,刘丽琴,杨春婷.不同基因型苦荞苗期抗旱性综合评价及指标筛选[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(17):3311-3322.LU Z J,ZHANG Y Q,ZHANG C,LIU L Q,YANG C T.Comprehensive Evaluation and Indicators of the Drought Resistance of Different Genotypes of Fagopyrum tataricum at Seedling Stage[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(17):3311-3322.
[9]唐忠厚,张允刚,魏猛,陈晓光,史新敏,张爱君,李洪民,丁艳锋.耐低钾和钾高效型甘薯品种(系)的筛选及评价指标[J].作物学报,2014,40(3):542-549.TANG Z H,ZHANG Y G,WEI M,CHEN X G,SHI X M,ZHANG AJ,LI H M,DING Y F.Screening and Evaluation Indicators for Low Potassium-Tolerant and Potassium Efficient Sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas L.)Varieties(Lines)[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2014,40(3):542-549.
[10]阎洪奎,曹敏建,胡兴波,李娜.玉米耐低钾胁迫鉴定指标的筛选[J].玉米科学,2003,11(3)70-73.YAN H K,CAO M J,HU X B,LI N.Selection of the Appraisal Guideline of Bearing Low-K in Maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2003,11(3):70-73.
[11]杨佳蒴,赵文青,胡伟,王友华,陈兵林,周治国.棉花苗期耐低钾能力筛选指标研究及其与产量、品质的关系[J].棉花学报,2014,26(4):301-309.YANG J S,ZHAO W Q,HU W,WANG Y H,CHEN B L,ZHOU Z G.Indicators of Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)Cultivar Screening for Low-Potassium Tolerance in Seedling Stage and Its Relationship with Yield and Quality[J].Cotton Science,2014,26(4):301-309.
[12]舒海燕,常胜合,杨铁钊.烟草生育后期烟叶钾含量杂种优势及遗传分析[J].河南农业科学,2005(7):39-41.SHU H Y,CHANG S H,YANG T Z.Analysis on Heterosis and Genetics of K Content in Tobacco Leaf in Later Growing Stage[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2005(7):39-41.
[13]张胜,杨永锋,杨会丽.永顺烟区烟叶化学成分与农艺性状和物理特性关联性分析[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2013(S1):20-24.ZHANG S,YANG Y F,YANG H L.Correlation analysis between chemical composition and agronomic and physical characteristics of tobacco leaves in Yongshun[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University,2013(S1):20-24.
[14]王志德.烟草种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.WANG Z D.Descriptors and Data Standard for Tobacco(Nicotiana spp.)[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006.
[15]郝春玲.火焰光度法测定烟草中钾含量的预处理方法[J].安徽农学通报,2010,16(13):47-48.HAO C L.The Pretreatmental Method of Measuring the Kalium Content of Tobacco Sample with the Flame Photometrythe[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,16(13):47-48.
[16]周冀衡,汪邓民,吕国新,阳向馗.不同烤烟品种苗期对钾素响应能力的研究[J].中国烟草科学,1998(2):8-12.ZHOU J H,WANG D M,LU G X,YANG X D.Study on response capability of different flue cured tobacco varieties to Potassium[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,1998(2):8-12.
[17]钟晓兰,张德远,李江涛,袁兰,程小强,陈水根.施钾对烤烟钾素吸收利用效率及其产量和品质的影响[J].土壤,2008,40(2):216-221.ZHONG X L,ZHANG D Y,LI J T,YUAN L,CHENG X Q,CHEN S G.Effects of K Application on K Absorption,K Utilization Efficiency,and Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco[J].Soils,2008,40(2):216-221.
[18]颜丽,关连珠,栾双,焦庆明.土壤供钾状况及土壤湿度对我国北方烤烟烟叶含钾量的影响研究[J].土壤通报,2001,32(2):84-87.YAN L,GUAN L Z,LUAN S,JIAO Q M.Potassium content in tobacco leaves related to soil potassium supply and soil moisture regimes[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2001,32(2):84-87.
[19]郑宪滨,刘国顺,邢国强,魏跃伟.分次施用钾肥对烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2007,41(2):138-141.ZHENG X B,LIU G SH,XING G Q,WEI Y W.Effects of Applying Potassium at Different Stages on Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2007,41(2):138-141.
[20]李章海,刘登乾,田必文,李强,黄新杰.打顶和施用NAA对烟株生长、烟碱合成和钾素吸收的影响[J].烟草科技,2008(9):52-55.LI Z H,LIU D Q,TIAN B W,LI Q,HUANG X J.Effects of Topping and NAA Application on Tobacco Plant Growth,Nicotine Synthesis and KAbsorption[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2008,2008(9):52-55.
[21]陈伟,陈懿,黄磊,李洪勋,潘文杰,李智勇.土壤与气候对烤后烟叶烟碱和钾含量的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(4):713-717.CHEN W,CHEN Y,HUANG L,LI H X,PAN W J,LI Z R.Effects of Soil and Climate on Nicotine and Potassium Content of Cured Tobacco Leaves[J].Soils,2013,45(4):713-717.
[22]吴兴富,焦芳婵,张谊寒,曾建敏,李永平.烤烟钾含量的基因型及环境效应分析[J].中国烟草学报,2017,23(4):98-106.WU X F,JIAO F C,ZHANG Y H,ZENG J M,LI Y P.Analysis of genotypic and environmental effects on potassium contents in fluecured tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2017,23(4):98-106.
[23]郑宪滨,曹一平,张福锁,朱尊权,李春俭,刘国顺,谢德平.不同供钾水平下烤烟体内钾的循环、积累和分配[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(2):166-172.ZHENG X B,CAO Y P,ZHANG F S,ZHU Z Q,LI C J,LIU G S,XIED P.Circulation,accumulation and distribution of potassium in fluecured tobacco with different potassium levels[J].Plant Natrition&Fertilizenence,2000,6(2):166-172.
[2]杨欢,王勇,李廷轩,郑传刚,陈光登.烟草含钾量的基因型差异及钾高效品种筛选[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):451-459.YANG H,WANG Y,LI T X,ZHENG C G,CHEN G D.Genotype differences in potassium contents of tobacco and screening of tobacco cultivars with high K efficiency[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition&Fertilizer,2017,23(2):451-459.
[3]韩锦峰,杨素勤,王永华,岳彩鹏,张秀英.不同相伴阴离子钾肥对烤烟光合特性、钾含量及化学成分的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2002,8(3):22-25.HAN J F,YANG S Q,WANG Y H,YUE C P,ZHANG X Y.The effects of different potassium fertilizer on potassium content and photosynthetic characteristics in flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2002,8(3):22-25.
[4]樊文强,孙鑫,杨爱国,程立锐,张忠锋,任民.基于关联分析发掘烟草高钾优异等位变异[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(2):100-107.FAN W Q,SUN X,YANG A G,CHENG L R,ZHANG Z F,REN M.Exploring high-potassium favorable allele mutation of tobacco based on genome-wide association analysis[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2016,22(2):100-107.
[5]ZHANG J,GE Y,HAN F,LI B,YAN S,SUN J,WANG L.Isoflavone vContent of Soybean Cultivars from Maturity Group 0 to VI Grown in Northern and Southern China[J].Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society,2014,91(6):1019-1024.
[6]杨乐琦,仇淑芳,唐菲,黄丹枫,唐东芹.基于主成分分析的观赏生菜品质综合评价[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2015,33(3):53-60.YANG L Q,QIU S F,TANG F,HUANG D F,TANG D Q.Comprehensive Evaluation for Ornamental Lettuce Based on Principal Component Analysis[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2015,33(3):53-60.
[7]SINGH S K,KAKANI V G,BRAND D,BALDWIN B,BALDWIN,REDDY K R.Assessment of Cold and Heat Tolerance of Winter‐grown Canola(Brassica napus L.)Cultivars by Pollen‐based Parameters[J].Journal of Agronomy&Crop Science,2008,194(3):225-236.
[8]路之娟,张永清,张楚,刘丽琴,杨春婷.不同基因型苦荞苗期抗旱性综合评价及指标筛选[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(17):3311-3322.LU Z J,ZHANG Y Q,ZHANG C,LIU L Q,YANG C T.Comprehensive Evaluation and Indicators of the Drought Resistance of Different Genotypes of Fagopyrum tataricum at Seedling Stage[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(17):3311-3322.
[9]唐忠厚,张允刚,魏猛,陈晓光,史新敏,张爱君,李洪民,丁艳锋.耐低钾和钾高效型甘薯品种(系)的筛选及评价指标[J].作物学报,2014,40(3):542-549.TANG Z H,ZHANG Y G,WEI M,CHEN X G,SHI X M,ZHANG AJ,LI H M,DING Y F.Screening and Evaluation Indicators for Low Potassium-Tolerant and Potassium Efficient Sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas L.)Varieties(Lines)[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2014,40(3):542-549.
[10]阎洪奎,曹敏建,胡兴波,李娜.玉米耐低钾胁迫鉴定指标的筛选[J].玉米科学,2003,11(3)70-73.YAN H K,CAO M J,HU X B,LI N.Selection of the Appraisal Guideline of Bearing Low-K in Maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2003,11(3):70-73.
[11]杨佳蒴,赵文青,胡伟,王友华,陈兵林,周治国.棉花苗期耐低钾能力筛选指标研究及其与产量、品质的关系[J].棉花学报,2014,26(4):301-309.YANG J S,ZHAO W Q,HU W,WANG Y H,CHEN B L,ZHOU Z G.Indicators of Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)Cultivar Screening for Low-Potassium Tolerance in Seedling Stage and Its Relationship with Yield and Quality[J].Cotton Science,2014,26(4):301-309.
[12]舒海燕,常胜合,杨铁钊.烟草生育后期烟叶钾含量杂种优势及遗传分析[J].河南农业科学,2005(7):39-41.SHU H Y,CHANG S H,YANG T Z.Analysis on Heterosis and Genetics of K Content in Tobacco Leaf in Later Growing Stage[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2005(7):39-41.
[13]张胜,杨永锋,杨会丽.永顺烟区烟叶化学成分与农艺性状和物理特性关联性分析[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2013(S1):20-24.ZHANG S,YANG Y F,YANG H L.Correlation analysis between chemical composition and agronomic and physical characteristics of tobacco leaves in Yongshun[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University,2013(S1):20-24.
[14]王志德.烟草种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.WANG Z D.Descriptors and Data Standard for Tobacco(Nicotiana spp.)[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006.
[15]郝春玲.火焰光度法测定烟草中钾含量的预处理方法[J].安徽农学通报,2010,16(13):47-48.HAO C L.The Pretreatmental Method of Measuring the Kalium Content of Tobacco Sample with the Flame Photometrythe[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,16(13):47-48.
[16]周冀衡,汪邓民,吕国新,阳向馗.不同烤烟品种苗期对钾素响应能力的研究[J].中国烟草科学,1998(2):8-12.ZHOU J H,WANG D M,LU G X,YANG X D.Study on response capability of different flue cured tobacco varieties to Potassium[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,1998(2):8-12.
[17]钟晓兰,张德远,李江涛,袁兰,程小强,陈水根.施钾对烤烟钾素吸收利用效率及其产量和品质的影响[J].土壤,2008,40(2):216-221.ZHONG X L,ZHANG D Y,LI J T,YUAN L,CHENG X Q,CHEN S G.Effects of K Application on K Absorption,K Utilization Efficiency,and Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco[J].Soils,2008,40(2):216-221.
[18]颜丽,关连珠,栾双,焦庆明.土壤供钾状况及土壤湿度对我国北方烤烟烟叶含钾量的影响研究[J].土壤通报,2001,32(2):84-87.YAN L,GUAN L Z,LUAN S,JIAO Q M.Potassium content in tobacco leaves related to soil potassium supply and soil moisture regimes[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2001,32(2):84-87.
[19]郑宪滨,刘国顺,邢国强,魏跃伟.分次施用钾肥对烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2007,41(2):138-141.ZHENG X B,LIU G SH,XING G Q,WEI Y W.Effects of Applying Potassium at Different Stages on Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2007,41(2):138-141.
[20]李章海,刘登乾,田必文,李强,黄新杰.打顶和施用NAA对烟株生长、烟碱合成和钾素吸收的影响[J].烟草科技,2008(9):52-55.LI Z H,LIU D Q,TIAN B W,LI Q,HUANG X J.Effects of Topping and NAA Application on Tobacco Plant Growth,Nicotine Synthesis and KAbsorption[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2008,2008(9):52-55.
[21]陈伟,陈懿,黄磊,李洪勋,潘文杰,李智勇.土壤与气候对烤后烟叶烟碱和钾含量的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(4):713-717.CHEN W,CHEN Y,HUANG L,LI H X,PAN W J,LI Z R.Effects of Soil and Climate on Nicotine and Potassium Content of Cured Tobacco Leaves[J].Soils,2013,45(4):713-717.
[22]吴兴富,焦芳婵,张谊寒,曾建敏,李永平.烤烟钾含量的基因型及环境效应分析[J].中国烟草学报,2017,23(4):98-106.WU X F,JIAO F C,ZHANG Y H,ZENG J M,LI Y P.Analysis of genotypic and environmental effects on potassium contents in fluecured tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2017,23(4):98-106.
[23]郑宪滨,曹一平,张福锁,朱尊权,李春俭,刘国顺,谢德平.不同供钾水平下烤烟体内钾的循环、积累和分配[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(2):166-172.ZHENG X B,CAO Y P,ZHANG F S,ZHU Z Q,LI C J,LIU G S,XIED P.Circulation,accumulation and distribution of potassium in fluecured tobacco with different potassium levels[J].Plant Natrition&Fertilizenence,2000,6(2):166-172.