风信标扇贝的性腺发育与繁殖周期规律研究
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摘要
本研究利用性腺指数周年检测及性腺组织切片观察的方法,对蓬莱海头村海区浮筏养殖的风信标扇贝性腺发育及繁殖规律进行研究。自2016年1月—2016年12月期间,课题组除1、2月份外(分别为4、2次)每月采集蓬莱海头村海区浮筏养殖的风信标扇贝性腺样品3次,同时测定采样点水温,采用组织学方法和肉眼观察分析其性腺发育的季节性变化规律,探究海水温度季节性变化对性腺发育的影响。结果表明:蓬莱海区浮筏养殖的风信标扇贝性腺发育周期为一年,每年经历4个时期,分别为增殖期(12月—次年1月)、生长期(2—3月)、成熟期(4—6月)、休止期(7—11月)。海水温度变化与风信标扇贝性腺发育相关性显著(P <0.05):风信标扇贝经过12月—次年3月的低温刺激和营养积累后,到达其繁殖期(4—6月),期间平均水温为11.2℃,并在4月上旬出现性腺指数峰值(24.25);当水温高于20.0℃时,性腺指数较低且小于10.00。本研究结果填补了中国风信标扇贝性腺发育研究方向的空白,为人工繁育风信标扇贝提供了重要的理论指导。
Weathervane scallop Patinopecten caurinus,are some of the largest of commercially harvested scallops and have a wonderful sweet flavor,which can only be found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.A comprehensive understanding of reproductive biology of P.caurinusis needed for promoting the growth of aquaculture and exploiting significant commercial development value in China.In this paper,Weathervane scallop were selected as the research species,for identifying annually gonadal development and effects of temperature on reproductive cycle by observing gonads annual development changes.From January to December of 2016,scallop samples were collected three times monthly(except four times in January and twice in February)from raft-cultivation area in Penglai,Yantai.Simultaneously,we recorded temperature of sampling spot and analyzed gonadal development at various temperatures and seasonal variation pattern of Weathervane scallop by using combination of visual inspection and routine histological methods.Studies showed that reproductive cycle of Weathervane scallop occurred once a year and was divided into four stages:proliferative stage(from December to January),reproductive stage(from February to March),maturation stage(from April to June)and resting stage(from July to September).Specially,temperature of marine water significantly affected gonadal development of P.caurinus(cold-water scallop species):After relatively lower temperature stimulating and nutrition accumulation from December to March,Weathervane scallop had the maximal gonad index(24.25)in early April and then emerged in reproduction period(average temperature,11.2 ℃).Moreover,relatively lower gonad index(which not exceeding 10.00)was found as the corresponding temperature of marine water exceeded 20.0℃.Weathervane scallop gonad index variation was negatively related to temperature changes,with significant correlation coefficient(P <0.05).The aim of this research was to investigate gonadal development patterns of Weathervane scallop cultured in China,which may contribute to a better understanding of gonadal development and the reproductive cycle,as well as provide significant theoretical reference for further studies on hatchery culture of Weathervane scallop.
Weathervane scallop Patinopecten caurinus,are some of the largest of commercially harvested scallops and have a wonderful sweet flavor,which can only be found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.A comprehensive understanding of reproductive biology of P.caurinusis needed for promoting the growth of aquaculture and exploiting significant commercial development value in China.In this paper,Weathervane scallop were selected as the research species,for identifying annually gonadal development and effects of temperature on reproductive cycle by observing gonads annual development changes.From January to December of 2016,scallop samples were collected three times monthly(except four times in January and twice in February)from raft-cultivation area in Penglai,Yantai.Simultaneously,we recorded temperature of sampling spot and analyzed gonadal development at various temperatures and seasonal variation pattern of Weathervane scallop by using combination of visual inspection and routine histological methods.Studies showed that reproductive cycle of Weathervane scallop occurred once a year and was divided into four stages:proliferative stage(from December to January),reproductive stage(from February to March),maturation stage(from April to June)and resting stage(from July to September).Specially,temperature of marine water significantly affected gonadal development of P.caurinus(cold-water scallop species):After relatively lower temperature stimulating and nutrition accumulation from December to March,Weathervane scallop had the maximal gonad index(24.25)in early April and then emerged in reproduction period(average temperature,11.2 ℃).Moreover,relatively lower gonad index(which not exceeding 10.00)was found as the corresponding temperature of marine water exceeded 20.0℃.Weathervane scallop gonad index variation was negatively related to temperature changes,with significant correlation coefficient(P <0.05).The aim of this research was to investigate gonadal development patterns of Weathervane scallop cultured in China,which may contribute to a better understanding of gonadal development and the reproductive cycle,as well as provide significant theoretical reference for further studies on hatchery culture of Weathervane scallop.
引文
[1]农业部渔业渔政管理局.2016中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016.Bureau of Fisheries of the Ministry of Agriculture.China Fishery Statistical Yearbook 2016[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2016.
[2]张振东.我国水产新品种研发基本情况与展望[J].中国水产,2015(10):39-42.Zhang Z D.Basic situation and prospects of developing new aquatic speices in China[J].China Fisheries,2015(10):39-42.
[3]谢忠明.我国引进美国海湾扇贝获得成功[J].海洋开发与管理,1986(3):70.Xie Z M.China successfully introduced bay scallop(Argioecten irradians)from America[J].Ocean Development and Management,1986(3):70.
[4]张福绥,何义朝,马江虎,等.虾夷扇贝的引种、育苗及试养[J].海洋科学,1984,5:38-45.Zhang F S,He Y C,Ma J H,et al.Introduction and hatchery culture of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)[J].Marine Science,1984,5:38-45.
[5]王春德.紫扇贝引进和杂交新品种的培育[J].青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013(1):73.Wang C D.Introduction of Purple scallop(Argopecten irradians)and development of new hybridization breed[J].Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University,2013(1):73.
[6]苏浩,陈俅.欧洲大扇贝人工繁育试验初报[J].河北渔业,2013(6):31-32.Su H,Chen Q.Preliminary report on hatchery culture of Great scallop(Pecten maximus)[J].Hebei Fisheries,2013(6):31-32.
[7]张红智,慕永通,霍连才.中国在世界扇贝产业中的地位-基于生产与贸易视角[J].安徽农业科学,2016,4:268-274.Zhang H Z,Mu Y T,Huo L C.China’s status in world scallop industry-based on Production and Trade[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2016,4:268-274.
[8]张福绥,何义朝,马江虎,等.海湾扇贝与海带轮养试验报告[J].海洋科学,1987,11(6):1-6.Zhang F S,He Y Z,Ma J H,et al.A report on the experimental cultivation of bay scallop and kelp by turns[J].Marine Sciences,1987,11(6):1-6.
[9] Bernard F R.Catalogue of the living Bivalvia of the eastern Pacific Ocean:Bering strait to cape horn[J].Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1983,61:1-102.
[10] Grau G.Pectinidae of the Eastern Pacific[M].Los Angeles,California:University of Southern California Press,1959.
[11] Shumway S E,Parsons G J.Scallops:Biology,ecology and aquaculture[J].Developments in Aquaculture&Fisheriesence Elsevier,2016,40:967-971.
[12]侯传宝.虾夷扇贝亲贝培育中应注意的问题[J].当代水产,2008,36(12):40-42.Hou C B.Issues in cultivation of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)that required attention[J].Current Fisheries,2008,36(12):40-42.
[13]於锋.广西茅尾海香港巨牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)遗传结构及其性腺发育研究[D].海南:海南大学,2016.Yu F.Studies on the Population Genetic Structure and Gonad Development of the Oyster(Crassostrea hongkongensis)in Maowei Sea,Guang xi,China[D].Hainan:University of Hainan,2016.
[14]邵艳卿,张炯明,方军,等.人工蓄养斧文蛤的生殖周期及早期发育[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(1):82-90.Shao Y Q,Zhang J M,Fang J,et al.Reproductive cycle and early development of Meretrix lamarkii(Veneroida:Veneridae)under artificial conditions[J].Journal of Fisheries Sciences of China,2017,24(1):82-90.
[15]沈决奋,杨爱国,燕敬平.海湾扇贝性腺发育的初步研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1996,27(6):632-636.Shen J F,Yang A G,Yan J P.Preliminary study on gonad development of Bay scallop(Argioecten irradians)[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1996,27(6):632-636.
[16]廖承义,徐应馥,王远隆.栉孔扇贝的生殖周期[J].水产学报,1983(1):1-13.Liao C Y,Xu Y F,Wang Y L.Reproductive cycle of Chlamys farreri[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1983(1):1-13.
[17]高悦勉,田斌,于永刚,等.大连塔河湾海区虾夷扇贝的性腺发育与繁殖规律[J].大连水产学院学报,2007(5):335-339.Gao Y M,Tian B,Yu Y G,et al.The gonadal development and reproductive cycle of Japanese scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)in Tahe Bay in Dalian[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2007(5):335-339.
[18] Sastry A N.Temperature effects in reproduction of the bay scallop,Aequipecten irradians Lamarck[J].The Biological Bulletin,1966,130:118-134.
[19] Loosanoff V L,Davis H C.Temperature requirements for maturation of gonads of Northern oyster[J].Biology Bulletin,1952,103:80-96.
[20]王如才.海水贝类养殖学[M].青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社,1993.Wang R C.Science of Marine Shellfish Culture[M].Qingdao:Qingdao Ocean University Press,1993.
[21]李文姬,滕炜鸣,王笑月,等.黄海北部虾夷扇贝性腺发育及繁殖规律研究[J].水产科学,2012,12:703-707.Li W J,Teng W M,Wang X Y,et al.The gonadal development and life cycle in Japanese Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis in Northern Yellow Sea[J].Fisheries Science,2012,12:703-707.
[22]吴洪流,王红勇,王珺.波纹巴非蛤性腺发育分期的研究[J].海南大学学报(自然科学版),2002,20(1):41-47.Wu H L,Wang H Y,Wang J.Developmental stage of the gonad of the clamPaphia undulata[J].Journal of Hainan University,2002,20(1):41-47.
[23] Hennick D P.Reproductive cycle,size at maturity,and sexual composition of commercially harvested weathervane Scallops(Patinopecten caurinus)in Alaska[J].Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,2011,27(11):2112-2119.
[24] Shull G H.What is“Heterosis”?[J].Genetics,1948,33(5):439.
[25] Jr S K A,Gaffney P M,Scarpa J,et al.Inviable hybrids of Crassostrea virginica,(Gmelin)with C.rivularis,(Gould)and C.gigas,(Thunberg)[J].Aquaculture,1993,113(4):269-289.
[26]王新成,尤锋,倪高田,等.石鲽与牙鲆人工杂交的研究[J].海洋科学,2003,27(1):1-4.Wang C X,You F,Ni G T,et al.Hybridization between stone flounder(Kareius bicoloratus)and olive flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)[J].Marine Sciences,2003,27(1):1-4.
[27]沈钦龙.绿鲍与皱纹盘鲍杂交育苗技术[J].齐鲁渔业,2016,3:25-26.Shen Q L.Breeding technique in hybridization between Haliotis fulgens and H.discus hannai[J].Shandong Fisheries,2016,3:25-26.
[28]王春德,刘保忠,李继强,等.紫扇贝与海湾扇贝种间杂交的研究[J].海洋科学,2009,33(10):84.Wang C D,Liu B Z,Li J Q,et al.Inter specific hybridization between Purple scallop(Argopecten purpuratus)and bay scallop(Argioecten irradians)[J].Marine Sciences,2009,33(10):84.
[29]于瑞海,包振民,王昭萍,等.栉孔扇贝×虾夷扇贝的杂交技术[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2006(1):85-144.Yu R H,Bao Z M,Wang Z P,et al.A Study on hybridization between scallops Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis.[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2006(1):85-144.
[30] Bower S M,Blackbourn J,Meyer G R,et al.Effect of Perkinsus qugwadi on various species and strains of scallops[J].Diseases of Aquatic Organisms,1999,36(2):143-151.
[2]张振东.我国水产新品种研发基本情况与展望[J].中国水产,2015(10):39-42.Zhang Z D.Basic situation and prospects of developing new aquatic speices in China[J].China Fisheries,2015(10):39-42.
[3]谢忠明.我国引进美国海湾扇贝获得成功[J].海洋开发与管理,1986(3):70.Xie Z M.China successfully introduced bay scallop(Argioecten irradians)from America[J].Ocean Development and Management,1986(3):70.
[4]张福绥,何义朝,马江虎,等.虾夷扇贝的引种、育苗及试养[J].海洋科学,1984,5:38-45.Zhang F S,He Y C,Ma J H,et al.Introduction and hatchery culture of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)[J].Marine Science,1984,5:38-45.
[5]王春德.紫扇贝引进和杂交新品种的培育[J].青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013(1):73.Wang C D.Introduction of Purple scallop(Argopecten irradians)and development of new hybridization breed[J].Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University,2013(1):73.
[6]苏浩,陈俅.欧洲大扇贝人工繁育试验初报[J].河北渔业,2013(6):31-32.Su H,Chen Q.Preliminary report on hatchery culture of Great scallop(Pecten maximus)[J].Hebei Fisheries,2013(6):31-32.
[7]张红智,慕永通,霍连才.中国在世界扇贝产业中的地位-基于生产与贸易视角[J].安徽农业科学,2016,4:268-274.Zhang H Z,Mu Y T,Huo L C.China’s status in world scallop industry-based on Production and Trade[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2016,4:268-274.
[8]张福绥,何义朝,马江虎,等.海湾扇贝与海带轮养试验报告[J].海洋科学,1987,11(6):1-6.Zhang F S,He Y Z,Ma J H,et al.A report on the experimental cultivation of bay scallop and kelp by turns[J].Marine Sciences,1987,11(6):1-6.
[9] Bernard F R.Catalogue of the living Bivalvia of the eastern Pacific Ocean:Bering strait to cape horn[J].Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1983,61:1-102.
[10] Grau G.Pectinidae of the Eastern Pacific[M].Los Angeles,California:University of Southern California Press,1959.
[11] Shumway S E,Parsons G J.Scallops:Biology,ecology and aquaculture[J].Developments in Aquaculture&Fisheriesence Elsevier,2016,40:967-971.
[12]侯传宝.虾夷扇贝亲贝培育中应注意的问题[J].当代水产,2008,36(12):40-42.Hou C B.Issues in cultivation of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)that required attention[J].Current Fisheries,2008,36(12):40-42.
[13]於锋.广西茅尾海香港巨牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)遗传结构及其性腺发育研究[D].海南:海南大学,2016.Yu F.Studies on the Population Genetic Structure and Gonad Development of the Oyster(Crassostrea hongkongensis)in Maowei Sea,Guang xi,China[D].Hainan:University of Hainan,2016.
[14]邵艳卿,张炯明,方军,等.人工蓄养斧文蛤的生殖周期及早期发育[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(1):82-90.Shao Y Q,Zhang J M,Fang J,et al.Reproductive cycle and early development of Meretrix lamarkii(Veneroida:Veneridae)under artificial conditions[J].Journal of Fisheries Sciences of China,2017,24(1):82-90.
[15]沈决奋,杨爱国,燕敬平.海湾扇贝性腺发育的初步研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1996,27(6):632-636.Shen J F,Yang A G,Yan J P.Preliminary study on gonad development of Bay scallop(Argioecten irradians)[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1996,27(6):632-636.
[16]廖承义,徐应馥,王远隆.栉孔扇贝的生殖周期[J].水产学报,1983(1):1-13.Liao C Y,Xu Y F,Wang Y L.Reproductive cycle of Chlamys farreri[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1983(1):1-13.
[17]高悦勉,田斌,于永刚,等.大连塔河湾海区虾夷扇贝的性腺发育与繁殖规律[J].大连水产学院学报,2007(5):335-339.Gao Y M,Tian B,Yu Y G,et al.The gonadal development and reproductive cycle of Japanese scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)in Tahe Bay in Dalian[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2007(5):335-339.
[18] Sastry A N.Temperature effects in reproduction of the bay scallop,Aequipecten irradians Lamarck[J].The Biological Bulletin,1966,130:118-134.
[19] Loosanoff V L,Davis H C.Temperature requirements for maturation of gonads of Northern oyster[J].Biology Bulletin,1952,103:80-96.
[20]王如才.海水贝类养殖学[M].青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社,1993.Wang R C.Science of Marine Shellfish Culture[M].Qingdao:Qingdao Ocean University Press,1993.
[21]李文姬,滕炜鸣,王笑月,等.黄海北部虾夷扇贝性腺发育及繁殖规律研究[J].水产科学,2012,12:703-707.Li W J,Teng W M,Wang X Y,et al.The gonadal development and life cycle in Japanese Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis in Northern Yellow Sea[J].Fisheries Science,2012,12:703-707.
[22]吴洪流,王红勇,王珺.波纹巴非蛤性腺发育分期的研究[J].海南大学学报(自然科学版),2002,20(1):41-47.Wu H L,Wang H Y,Wang J.Developmental stage of the gonad of the clamPaphia undulata[J].Journal of Hainan University,2002,20(1):41-47.
[23] Hennick D P.Reproductive cycle,size at maturity,and sexual composition of commercially harvested weathervane Scallops(Patinopecten caurinus)in Alaska[J].Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,2011,27(11):2112-2119.
[24] Shull G H.What is“Heterosis”?[J].Genetics,1948,33(5):439.
[25] Jr S K A,Gaffney P M,Scarpa J,et al.Inviable hybrids of Crassostrea virginica,(Gmelin)with C.rivularis,(Gould)and C.gigas,(Thunberg)[J].Aquaculture,1993,113(4):269-289.
[26]王新成,尤锋,倪高田,等.石鲽与牙鲆人工杂交的研究[J].海洋科学,2003,27(1):1-4.Wang C X,You F,Ni G T,et al.Hybridization between stone flounder(Kareius bicoloratus)and olive flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)[J].Marine Sciences,2003,27(1):1-4.
[27]沈钦龙.绿鲍与皱纹盘鲍杂交育苗技术[J].齐鲁渔业,2016,3:25-26.Shen Q L.Breeding technique in hybridization between Haliotis fulgens and H.discus hannai[J].Shandong Fisheries,2016,3:25-26.
[28]王春德,刘保忠,李继强,等.紫扇贝与海湾扇贝种间杂交的研究[J].海洋科学,2009,33(10):84.Wang C D,Liu B Z,Li J Q,et al.Inter specific hybridization between Purple scallop(Argopecten purpuratus)and bay scallop(Argioecten irradians)[J].Marine Sciences,2009,33(10):84.
[29]于瑞海,包振民,王昭萍,等.栉孔扇贝×虾夷扇贝的杂交技术[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2006(1):85-144.Yu R H,Bao Z M,Wang Z P,et al.A Study on hybridization between scallops Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis.[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2006(1):85-144.
[30] Bower S M,Blackbourn J,Meyer G R,et al.Effect of Perkinsus qugwadi on various species and strains of scallops[J].Diseases of Aquatic Organisms,1999,36(2):143-151.