海绵城市建设水平评价与分区域控制策略
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摘要
[目的]探讨海绵城市建设成效及其关键影响因素,为中国分区域海绵城市建设规划提供理论依据与政策导向。[方法]从水环境安全、水资源利用、水污染治理和水人居建设4个方面构建了海绵城市建设评价指标体系;根据地形地貌、气象气候、发展规模等区域特征,选取具有代表性的海绵城市建设试点——北京市、重庆市和镇江市作为研究区域;通过主成分分析法与灰色模糊综合评价模型定量分析海绵城市建设指数变化趋势,对比分析不同子目标层建设指数的变化及其差异。[结果]2006—2015年研究区域海绵城市建设指数均呈上升趋势,子目标层建设指数中仅北京市及重庆市的水资源利用指数有所下降。[结论]中国海绵城市建设已取得阶段性成效,城市化与海绵城市建设指数变化联系密切。华北地区和华东地区的海绵城市建设还应分别加强对单位面积水库容积、农业污染负荷的管控;基于地形地貌分析,山地城市的海绵城市建设还应加强对节水量及生活废水排放的管控。
[Objective]To explore the effectiveness of sponge city construction and its key driving factors,in order to provide theoretical basis and policy guidance for sponge city construction in different areas in China.[Methods]The evaluation index system of sponge city construction was established from four aspects including water environment safety,the utilization of water resource,water pollution control and water habitat construction.According to the topography,climate and development scale,Beijing,Chongqing and Zhenjiang City were selected as the study areas.The change of sponge city construction and its key influencing factors was quantitatively analyzed by principal component analysis and fuzzy-gray comprehensive evaluation model.[Results]From 2006 to 2015,the index of sponge city construction showed an upward trend.Of all the sub-target layer construction indexes,only the water resources utilization index of Beijing and Chongqing City has decreased.[Conclusion]Chinese sponge city construction has achieved initial success,and urbanization is closely related to the change of sponge city construction index.The construction of sponge city in North China and East China should also strengthen the control of the reservoir volume per unit area and agricultural pollution load;and based on topographic analysis,the construction of sponge city in mountainous cities should also strengthen the control of water saving and domestic wastewater discharge.
[Objective]To explore the effectiveness of sponge city construction and its key driving factors,in order to provide theoretical basis and policy guidance for sponge city construction in different areas in China.[Methods]The evaluation index system of sponge city construction was established from four aspects including water environment safety,the utilization of water resource,water pollution control and water habitat construction.According to the topography,climate and development scale,Beijing,Chongqing and Zhenjiang City were selected as the study areas.The change of sponge city construction and its key influencing factors was quantitatively analyzed by principal component analysis and fuzzy-gray comprehensive evaluation model.[Results]From 2006 to 2015,the index of sponge city construction showed an upward trend.Of all the sub-target layer construction indexes,only the water resources utilization index of Beijing and Chongqing City has decreased.[Conclusion]Chinese sponge city construction has achieved initial success,and urbanization is closely related to the change of sponge city construction index.The construction of sponge city in North China and East China should also strengthen the control of the reservoir volume per unit area and agricultural pollution load;and based on topographic analysis,the construction of sponge city in mountainous cities should also strengthen the control of water saving and domestic wastewater discharge.
引文
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[12]刘昌明,张永勇,王中根,等.维护良性水循环的城镇化LID模式:海绵城市规划方法与技术初步探讨[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(5):719-731.
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[16]潘笑文,徐得潜.基于典型年法的海绵城市建设控制指标研究[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(1):123-127,131.
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[20]任心欣,汤伟真.海绵城市年径流总量控制率等指标应用初探[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(13):105-109.
[21]中国城市经济学会中小城市经济发展委员会.中国中小城市发展报告(2010):中国中小城市绿色发展之路[R].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2010:15-18.
[22]张晨,赵言文,于莉.烟台市牟平区生态承载力研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(4):271-275.
[23]邹源飞.海绵城市指标体系在控规中的实证研究[J].低碳世界,2017(6):173-174.
[24]席文娟.改进模糊综合评价法在水质评价中的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(3):25-29.
[2]车伍,闫攀,赵杨,等.国际现代雨洪管理体系的发展及剖析[J].中国给水排水,2014,30(18):45-51.
[3]Dietz M E.Low impact development practices:A review of current research and recommendations for future directions[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2007,186(1/2/3/4):351-363.
[4]Agency U S E P.Low impact development(LID):A literature review[R].Epa-841-B-00-005,Office of Water,Washington,D.C,2000.
[5]仇保兴.海绵城市(LID)的内涵、途径与展望[J].城乡建设,2015(2):8-15,4.
[6]Roy A H,Wengerr S J,Fletcher T D,et al.Impediments and solutions to sustainable,watershed-scale urban stormwater management:Lessons from Australia and the United States[J].Environ Manage,2008,42(2):344-59.
[7]Hoyer J,Dickhaut W,Kronawitter L,et al.Water sensitive urban design-principles and inspiration for sustainable stormwater management in the city of the future[M].Berlin:Jovis Publishing Company,2011:79-87.
[8]王虹,丁留谦,程晓陶,等.美国城市雨洪管理水文控制指标体系及其借鉴意义[J].水利学报,2015,46(11):1261-1271,1279.
[9]张建云,王银堂,胡庆芳,等.海绵城市建设有关问题讨论[J].水科学进展,2016,27(6):793-799.
[10]张浪,郑思俊.海绵城市理论及其在中国城市的应用意义和途径[J].现代城市研究,2016(7):2-5.
[11]王俊岭,王雪明,张安,等.基于“海绵城市”理念的透水铺装系统的研究进展[J].环境工程,2015,33(12):1-4,110.
[12]刘昌明,张永勇,王中根,等.维护良性水循环的城镇化LID模式:海绵城市规划方法与技术初步探讨[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(5):719-731.
[13]俞孔坚,李迪华,袁弘,等.“海绵城市”理论与实践[J].城市规划,2015,39(6):26-36.
[14]中华人民共和国住房与城乡建设部.关于印发《海绵城市建设绩效评价与考核办法》的通知(建成[2015]635号)[Z].中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.2015-07-10.
[15]马越,甘旭,邓朝显,等.海绵城市考核监测体系涉水核心指标的评价分析方法探讨[J].净水技术,2016,35(4):42-51.
[16]潘笑文,徐得潜.基于典型年法的海绵城市建设控制指标研究[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(1):123-127,131.
[17]尹洪军,靳俊伟,程巍,等.重庆海绵城市建设规划层面的控制指标量化探索[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(21):152-155.
[18]王诒建.海绵城市控制指标体系构建探讨[J].规划师,2016,32(5):10-16.
[19]胡爱兵,任心欣,丁年.深圳市某区域“海绵城市”目标分解机制及指标体系构建[C]∥2015中国城市规划年会,2015.
[20]任心欣,汤伟真.海绵城市年径流总量控制率等指标应用初探[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(13):105-109.
[21]中国城市经济学会中小城市经济发展委员会.中国中小城市发展报告(2010):中国中小城市绿色发展之路[R].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2010:15-18.
[22]张晨,赵言文,于莉.烟台市牟平区生态承载力研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(4):271-275.
[23]邹源飞.海绵城市指标体系在控规中的实证研究[J].低碳世界,2017(6):173-174.
[24]席文娟.改进模糊综合评价法在水质评价中的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(3):25-29.