中国在国际创新合作网络中的地位和角色——基于2011—2015年国际专利合作的实证研究
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摘要
以包括中国在内的世界40个主要国家2011—2015年的专利国际合作数据为分析对象,运用社会网络分析方法,分析中国在国际创新合作网络中的地位和角色。研究结果表明,中国在国际创新合作网络中的地位稳步提升并已居于网络的结构洞与核心位置,但在信息资源的获取和创新合作的开展方面仍然会受到来自美国、德国等国家的限制;在全球范围内,中国与欧美日创新合作的联系程度要明显高于其他国家或地区,说明"欧美日"三角框架已成为中国全球创新合作的重要组成部分。
This article chooses the cooperation patent data from 40 major countries in the world for 2011-2015 as the sample object,and uses social network analysis methods to analyze the status and role of the China in the international innovation cooperation network. The research results show that the status of China in the international innovation cooperation network has been steadily increasing. It has already occupied the core position of the network and has been the structural holes of the network. However,restrictions on the acquisition of information resources and the development of innovative cooperation will still exist,especially limited by developed countries such as the United States and Germany. On a global scale,the degree of connection in China and Europe-US-Japan is significantly higher than that of other countries or regions. Europe-US-Japan is significantly higher than that of other countries or regions,that means the triangle framework is an important part of China's global innovation cooperation.
This article chooses the cooperation patent data from 40 major countries in the world for 2011-2015 as the sample object,and uses social network analysis methods to analyze the status and role of the China in the international innovation cooperation network. The research results show that the status of China in the international innovation cooperation network has been steadily increasing. It has already occupied the core position of the network and has been the structural holes of the network. However,restrictions on the acquisition of information resources and the development of innovative cooperation will still exist,especially limited by developed countries such as the United States and Germany. On a global scale,the degree of connection in China and Europe-US-Japan is significantly higher than that of other countries or regions. Europe-US-Japan is significantly higher than that of other countries or regions,that means the triangle framework is an important part of China's global innovation cooperation.
引文
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[31]ESLAMI H,EBADI A,SCHIFFAUEROVA A. Effect of collaboration network structure on knowledge creation and technological performance:the case of biotechnology in Canada[J]. Scientometrics,2013,97(1):99-119.
[32]刘琼,刘桂锋,刘红光,等.清华大学产学研协同创新活动分析:基于专利合作网络[J].情报科学,2016,34(1):120-124,129.
[33]SOH P H. Network patterns and competitive advantage before the emergence of a dominant design[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(4):438-461.
[34]刘凤朝,马荣康,姜楠,等.基于“985高校”的产学研专利合作网络演化路径研究[J].中国软科学,2011(7):178-192.
[35]邱均平,伍超.基于社会网络分析的国内计量学作者合作关系研究[J].图书情报知识,2011(6):12-17.
[36]潘峰华,赖志勇,葛岳静,等.经贸视角下中国周边地缘环境分析:基于社会网络分析方法[J].地理研究,2015,34(4):775-786.
[37]REAGANS R,MCEVILY B. Network structure and knowledge transfer:the effects of cohesion and range[J]. Administrative science quarterly,2003,48(2):240-267.
[2]高霞.国内外合作创新网络研究评述与展望[J].科学管理研究,2012,30(4):108-110.
[3]袁军鹏,薛澜.从学科特征考察中国参与科技全球化的进程:基于科学计量学的实证分析[J].科研管理,2009,30(4):184-189,194.
[4]LUUKKONEN T,TIJSSEN R,PERSSON O,et al. The measurement of international scientific collaboration[J]. Scientometrics,1993,28(1):15-36.
[5]BORDONS M,GOMEZ I,FERNáNDEZ M,et al. Local,domestic and international scientific collaboration in biomedical research[J].Scientometrics,1996,37(2):279-295.
[6]HE T. International scientific collaboration of China with the G7 countries[J]. Scientometrics,2009,80(3):571-582.
[7]NIOSI J,BELLON B. The global interdependence of national innovation systems:evidence,limits,and implications[J]. Technology in Society,1994,16(2):173-197.
[8]LEMOLA T. Convergence of national science and technology policies:the case of Finland[J]. Research policy,2002,31(8/9):1481-1490.
[9]曾德明,彭盾.基于耗散结构理论的国家创新体系国际化研究[J].科学管理研究,2009,27(3):12-15,20.
[10]ASHEIM B T,ISAKSEN A. Regional innovation systems:the integration of local‘sticky’and global‘ubiquitous’knowledge[J]. The Journal of Technology Transfer,2002,27(1):77-86.
[11]FREEMAN C. Networks of innovators:a synthesis of research issues[J]. Research policy,1991,20(5):499-514.
[12]刘凤朝,姜滨滨.中国区域科研合作网络结构对绩效作用效果分析:以燃料电池领域为例[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2012,33(1):109-115.
[13]ALVES J,MARQUES M J,SAUR I,et al. Creativity and innovation through multidisciplinary and multisectoral cooperation[J]. Creativity and Innovation Management,2007,16(1):27-34.
[14]BEAVER D,ROSEN R. Studies in scientific collaboration:part I.The professional origins of scientific co-authorship[J]. Scientometrics,1978,1(1):65-84.
[15]BIGGS J B. Teaching for quality learning at university:what the student does[M]. New York:Mc Graw-Hill Education(UK),2011.
[16]张公一,吕文婷,张书博.国际科技合作创新博弈分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版),2012,14(1):132-136.
[17]WANG X,XU S,WANG Z,et al. International scientific collaboration of China:collaborating countries,institutions and individuals[J]. Scientometrics,2013,95(3):885-894.
[18]刘则渊,滕立,朱晓宇.海峡两岸科学合作的前沿与前景:两岸优势学科合作论文的可视化分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2012,33(6):5-14.
[19]谢彩霞.国际科学合作研究状况综述[J].科研管理,2008(3):179-186.
[20]DAVIDSON F J,CARPENTER M P. International research collaboration[J]. Social studies of Science,1979,9(4):481-497.
[21]PISLYAKOV V,SHUKSHINA E. Measuring excellence in Russia:highly cited papers,leading institutions,patterns of national and international collaboration[J]. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,2014,65(11):2321-2330.
[22]LEYDESDORFF L,WAGNER C,PARK H W,et al. International collaboration in science:the global map and the network[J]. Profesional De La Informacion,22(1):87-94.
[23]韩涛,谭晓.中国科学研究国际合作的测度和分析[J].科学学研究,2013,31(8):1136-1140.
[24]郭永正.国际科学合作个体中心网的中印比较[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008(8):18-23.
[25]苗红,刘海丽,黄鲁成.基于专利合作网络的北京国际科技合作分析[J].情报杂志,2014,33(10):104-108,100.
[26]钟灿涛.面向协同创新的大学知识产权管理[J].科技进步与对策,2012,29(22):127-131.
[27]王贤文,丁堃,朱晓宇,等.中国主要科研机构的科学合作网络分析:基于Web of Science的研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(12):1806-1812.
[28]温芳芳.基于专利文献计量的我国校企科研合作现状分析[J].情报杂志,2014,33(12):71-76.
[29]FRANCO M,HAASE H. The role of networks for small technologybased firms[C]//ECEI. Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship:2011. Reading:Academic Conferences International Limited,2011:33.
[30]胡成,李明星,张梦娟,等.基于社会网络分析的上海市高校专利合作研究[J].科技管理研究,2017,37(14):119-127.
[31]ESLAMI H,EBADI A,SCHIFFAUEROVA A. Effect of collaboration network structure on knowledge creation and technological performance:the case of biotechnology in Canada[J]. Scientometrics,2013,97(1):99-119.
[32]刘琼,刘桂锋,刘红光,等.清华大学产学研协同创新活动分析:基于专利合作网络[J].情报科学,2016,34(1):120-124,129.
[33]SOH P H. Network patterns and competitive advantage before the emergence of a dominant design[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(4):438-461.
[34]刘凤朝,马荣康,姜楠,等.基于“985高校”的产学研专利合作网络演化路径研究[J].中国软科学,2011(7):178-192.
[35]邱均平,伍超.基于社会网络分析的国内计量学作者合作关系研究[J].图书情报知识,2011(6):12-17.
[36]潘峰华,赖志勇,葛岳静,等.经贸视角下中国周边地缘环境分析:基于社会网络分析方法[J].地理研究,2015,34(4):775-786.
[37]REAGANS R,MCEVILY B. Network structure and knowledge transfer:the effects of cohesion and range[J]. Administrative science quarterly,2003,48(2):240-267.