呼伦贝尔草甸草原3种禾草碳水化合物季节动态研究
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摘要
贮藏碳水化合物对牧草生命代谢、再生、返青及逆境的适应性等方面有重要作用。本研究于2015年7月—2016年9月,分析了呼伦贝尔草甸草原中羊草(Leymus chinensis)、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)和糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)3种植物碳水化合物含量的季节变化规律,探讨牧草生长对气候环境的适应性特点,以期为草地合理利用提供指导。研究结果表明:3种禾草碳水化合物含量随季节变化显著(P<0.05),可溶性糖含量均在8月最高,羊草与无芒雀麦的还原糖和淀粉含量在6月最高,糙隐子草则在7月最高;糙隐子草的可溶性糖与淀粉含量显著小于羊草和无芒雀麦(P<0.05),并主要分配在地上部分,羊草茎基部与根部的各碳水化合物含量显著小于无芒雀麦(P<0.05);碳水化合物含量年际间差异较大,干旱年份草地植物根部碳水化合物贮藏水平偏低,该区域草地宜降低载畜率或提前休牧。
Carbohydrate reserves in the forages play an important role in the metabolism,regrowth,regreening,and stress tolerance.Seasonal variations of carbohydrates content in the species of Leymus chinensis,Bromus inermis,and Cleistogenes squarrosa were studied in Hulunbuir meadow steppe from July 2015 to September 2016.The objective was to understand the critical factors of influencing the changes of carbohydrate content and guide the grassland management.The results showed that the significant seasonal changes of carbohydrates content were observed in the three grasses(P<0.05).Soluble sugar content was the highest in August for all species.The soluble sugar and starch contents in L.chinensis and B.inermis were the highest in June compared to those in C.squarrosain July.The soluble sugar and starch contents in C.squarrosa were significantly lower than those in L.chinensis and B.inermis(P<0.05),and were mainly distributed in the aboveground.The carbohydrates content in the stem bases and roots of L.chinensis were significantly lower than those in B.inermis(P<0.05).Interannual variation of carbohydrate content was significant difference.The carbohydrate reserves in root were low during the drought year.Therefore,decreasing stocking rate and ending grazing earlier should be an adaptive way for the grassland management in the drought year.
Carbohydrate reserves in the forages play an important role in the metabolism,regrowth,regreening,and stress tolerance.Seasonal variations of carbohydrates content in the species of Leymus chinensis,Bromus inermis,and Cleistogenes squarrosa were studied in Hulunbuir meadow steppe from July 2015 to September 2016.The objective was to understand the critical factors of influencing the changes of carbohydrate content and guide the grassland management.The results showed that the significant seasonal changes of carbohydrates content were observed in the three grasses(P<0.05).Soluble sugar content was the highest in August for all species.The soluble sugar and starch contents in L.chinensis and B.inermis were the highest in June compared to those in C.squarrosain July.The soluble sugar and starch contents in C.squarrosa were significantly lower than those in L.chinensis and B.inermis(P<0.05),and were mainly distributed in the aboveground.The carbohydrates content in the stem bases and roots of L.chinensis were significantly lower than those in B.inermis(P<0.05).Interannual variation of carbohydrate content was significant difference.The carbohydrate reserves in root were low during the drought year.Therefore,decreasing stocking rate and ending grazing earlier should be an adaptive way for the grassland management in the drought year.
引文
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[9]王正文.根茎克隆植物羊草体内可溶性碳水化合物的时间变异及其对去叶干扰的响应(英文)[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(4):673-679
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[13]朱晔荣,刘苗苗,李亚辉,等.植物淀粉生物合成调节机制的研究进展[J].植物生理学报,2013,49(12):1319-1325
[14]Fulkerson W J,Donaghy D J.Plant-soluble carbohydrate reserves and senescence:Key criteria for developing an effective grazing management system for ryegrass-based pastures:A review[J].Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture,2001,41(2):261-275
[15]裴彩霞.牧草中的水溶性碳水化合物[J].四川草原,2005(6):13-16
[16]史建伟,张育平,王孟本,等.植物体内非结构性碳水化合物变化及其影响因素[J].湖北农业科学,2008,47(1):112-115
[17]黄德君,毛祝新,傅华.牧草中水溶性碳水化合物及其影响因素[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):270-278
[18]白永飞,段淳清,额尔敦达来,等.刈割对牧草贮藏碳水化合物含量变化的影响[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1994,15(4):48-53
[19]白永飞,许志信,段淳清,等.典型草原主要牧草植株贮藏碳水化合物分布部位的研究[J].中国草地,1996(1):7-9
[20]许志信,巴图朝鲁,卫智军,等.牧草再生与贮藏碳水化合物含量变化关系的研究[J].草业学报,1993,2(4):13-18
[21]巴图朝鲁,许志信,昭和斯图,等.草甸草原牧草贮藏养分积累与消耗规律的研究[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1994,15(1):32-38
[22]陈宝瑞.呼伦贝尔草原多尺度植被空间格局及其对干扰的响应[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010:6
[23]张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].第3版.北京:高等教育出版社,2003:328
[24]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:287
[25]张光辉,李增嘉,潘庆民,等.内蒙古典型草原羊草和大针茅地下器官中碳水化合物含量的季节性变化[J].草业学报,2006,15(3):42-49
[26]王丹,宣继萍,朱小晨,等.假俭草抗寒性与体内碳水化合物、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量的关系[J].草地学报,2010,18(6):816-822
[27]Purdy S J,Cunniff J,Maddison A L,et al.Seasonal Carbohydrate Dynamics and Climatic Regulation of Senescence in the Perennial Grass,Miscanthus[J].Bioenergy Research,2015,8(1):28-41
[28]Gaudet D A,Laroche A,Yoshida M.Low temperature-wheatfungal interactions:A carbohydrate connection[J].PhysiologiaA Plantarum,1999,106(4):437-444
[29]徐呈祥.提高植物抗寒性的机理研究进展[J].生态学报,2012,32(24):7966-7980
[30]张光辉.内蒙古四种不同生活型草原植物碳水化合物的季节性动态变化及其对刈割的响应[D].济南:山东农业大学,2005:90
[31]李春凤,解艳红,宋莉萍,等.4种根茎型禾本科牧草抗旱生长适应性的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2009(13):65-66
[32]宋莉萍.4种根茎型禾本科牧草抗旱生理适应性的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2007:8
[33]魏小红,王静,马向丽,等.高寒地区牧草碳水化合物及氨基酸含量季节动态研究[J].草业学报,2005,14(3):94-99
[2]赵萌莉,许志信,马春梅,等.年内多次刈割对牧草贮藏养分的影响[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1999,20(1):18-21
[3]潘庆民,韩兴国,白永飞,等.植物非结构性贮藏碳水化合物的生理生态学研究进展[J].植物学通报,2002,19(1):30-38
[4]White L M.Carbohydrate reserves of grasses-review[J].Journal of Range Management,1973,26(1):13-18
[5]白可喻,赵萌莉,卫智军,等.刈割对荒漠草原几种牧草贮藏碳水化合物的影响[J].草地学报,1996,4(2):126-133
[6]朱志红,孙尚奇.高寒草甸矮生嵩草非结构碳水化合物的变化[J].植物学报,1996,38(11):895-901
[7] Cairns A J,Nash R,De Carvalho M,et al.Characterization of the enzymatic polymerization of 2,6-linked fructan by leaf extracts from timothy grass(Phleum pratense)[J].New Phytologist,1999,142(1):79-91
[8]许志信,巴图朝鲁,段淳清.草甸草原六种牧草贮藏养分含量变化规律的研究[J].中国草地,1993(6):22-25
[9]王正文.根茎克隆植物羊草体内可溶性碳水化合物的时间变异及其对去叶干扰的响应(英文)[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(4):673-679
[10]Donaghy D J,Fulkerson W J.Priority for allocation of watersoluble carbohydrate reserves during regrowth of Lolium perenne[J].Grass and Forage Science,1998,53(3):211-218
[11]Koch K E.Carbohydrate-modulated gene expression in plants[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology,1996,47:509-540
[12]许志信,白永飞.干草原牧草贮藏碳水化合物含量变化规律的研究[J].草业学报,1994,3(4):27-31
[13]朱晔荣,刘苗苗,李亚辉,等.植物淀粉生物合成调节机制的研究进展[J].植物生理学报,2013,49(12):1319-1325
[14]Fulkerson W J,Donaghy D J.Plant-soluble carbohydrate reserves and senescence:Key criteria for developing an effective grazing management system for ryegrass-based pastures:A review[J].Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture,2001,41(2):261-275
[15]裴彩霞.牧草中的水溶性碳水化合物[J].四川草原,2005(6):13-16
[16]史建伟,张育平,王孟本,等.植物体内非结构性碳水化合物变化及其影响因素[J].湖北农业科学,2008,47(1):112-115
[17]黄德君,毛祝新,傅华.牧草中水溶性碳水化合物及其影响因素[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):270-278
[18]白永飞,段淳清,额尔敦达来,等.刈割对牧草贮藏碳水化合物含量变化的影响[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1994,15(4):48-53
[19]白永飞,许志信,段淳清,等.典型草原主要牧草植株贮藏碳水化合物分布部位的研究[J].中国草地,1996(1):7-9
[20]许志信,巴图朝鲁,卫智军,等.牧草再生与贮藏碳水化合物含量变化关系的研究[J].草业学报,1993,2(4):13-18
[21]巴图朝鲁,许志信,昭和斯图,等.草甸草原牧草贮藏养分积累与消耗规律的研究[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1994,15(1):32-38
[22]陈宝瑞.呼伦贝尔草原多尺度植被空间格局及其对干扰的响应[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010:6
[23]张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].第3版.北京:高等教育出版社,2003:328
[24]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:287
[25]张光辉,李增嘉,潘庆民,等.内蒙古典型草原羊草和大针茅地下器官中碳水化合物含量的季节性变化[J].草业学报,2006,15(3):42-49
[26]王丹,宣继萍,朱小晨,等.假俭草抗寒性与体内碳水化合物、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量的关系[J].草地学报,2010,18(6):816-822
[27]Purdy S J,Cunniff J,Maddison A L,et al.Seasonal Carbohydrate Dynamics and Climatic Regulation of Senescence in the Perennial Grass,Miscanthus[J].Bioenergy Research,2015,8(1):28-41
[28]Gaudet D A,Laroche A,Yoshida M.Low temperature-wheatfungal interactions:A carbohydrate connection[J].PhysiologiaA Plantarum,1999,106(4):437-444
[29]徐呈祥.提高植物抗寒性的机理研究进展[J].生态学报,2012,32(24):7966-7980
[30]张光辉.内蒙古四种不同生活型草原植物碳水化合物的季节性动态变化及其对刈割的响应[D].济南:山东农业大学,2005:90
[31]李春凤,解艳红,宋莉萍,等.4种根茎型禾本科牧草抗旱生长适应性的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2009(13):65-66
[32]宋莉萍.4种根茎型禾本科牧草抗旱生理适应性的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2007:8
[33]魏小红,王静,马向丽,等.高寒地区牧草碳水化合物及氨基酸含量季节动态研究[J].草业学报,2005,14(3):94-99