几种水生植物净化城市污水能力比较研究
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摘要
为了给选择优良净化城市污水植物提供依据,采用城市污水模拟和盆栽试验,对玉带草、千屈菜、菖蒲、石菖蒲、黄花鸢尾、香蒲、水芹、水葫芦等8种常见水生植物净化城市污水TN、TP、BOD5、COD能力进行了比较研究,结果为,供试8种水生植物后第5~20d,TN的去除率为(54.45±1.62)%~(95.45±1.47)%,在第20d,TN去除率黄花鸢尾最高,石菖蒲次之,它们显著高于其他6种植物(P<0.05);TP去除率为(50.24±1.87)%~(96.27±2.46)%,在第20d黄花鸢尾最高,水芹和石菖蒲较高,它们显著高于其他5种植物(P<0.05);COD去除率为(59.34±1.37)%~(93.27±2.36)%,黄花鸢尾最高,玉带草最低,8种植物之间差异不显著(P>0.05);BOD5去除率为(64.48±1.16)%~(92.98±1.23)%,水芹最高,黄花鸢尾、石菖蒲次之,它们3个显著高于其它5种植物(P<0.05);试验期内,每种水生植物对每种污染物的去除率随时间的延长而升高。应优先选用黄花鸢尾、石菖蒲。
Phytoremediation of urban wastewater was studied by using 8kinds of hydrophytes namely,Phalaris arundinacea var.picta,Lythrum salicaria L.,Acoruscalamus,Acorus gramineus,Iris wilsonii,TyphaorientalisPresl,Oenanthe javanica(Blume)DC,Eichhorniacrassipes(Mart.)Solms as the objects.When these hydrophytes grew for 5d,10 d,15dand 20 d,the index of TN,TP,COD,BOD5 and wastewater transparency was determined.The result showed that the TN removal rate from 5dto 20 din the wastewater by all the hydrophytes ranged from(54.45±1.62)%to(95.45±1.47)%.At 20 d,TN removal by Iris wilsonii is highest,followed by Acorus gramineus,both higher than the rest of six plants in removal of TN.Removal of TP ranged from(50.24±1.87)%~(96.27±2.46)% and at 20 d,TP removal by Iris wilsonii is highest followed by Oenanthe javanica(Blume)DC and Acorus gramineus,both higher than rest of five plants.Removal of COD ranged from(59.34±1.37)%~(93.27±2.36)% and COD removal by Iris wilsonii is highest and the least by Phalaris?arundinacea?var.?picta,slight difference among 8plants.Removal of BOD5 ranged from(64.48±1.16)%~(92.98±1.23)%,highest removal by Oenanthe javanica(Blume)DC followed by Iris wilsonii and Acorus gramineus,three of them higher than the rest of five plants.The 8kinds of hydrophytes showed a good purification effect on urban wastewater,especially Iris wilsonii and Acorus gramineus..From the analysis of study,Iris wilsonii and Acorus gramineus are ideal plant species in the phytoremediation for urban wastewater.
Phytoremediation of urban wastewater was studied by using 8kinds of hydrophytes namely,Phalaris arundinacea var.picta,Lythrum salicaria L.,Acoruscalamus,Acorus gramineus,Iris wilsonii,TyphaorientalisPresl,Oenanthe javanica(Blume)DC,Eichhorniacrassipes(Mart.)Solms as the objects.When these hydrophytes grew for 5d,10 d,15dand 20 d,the index of TN,TP,COD,BOD5 and wastewater transparency was determined.The result showed that the TN removal rate from 5dto 20 din the wastewater by all the hydrophytes ranged from(54.45±1.62)%to(95.45±1.47)%.At 20 d,TN removal by Iris wilsonii is highest,followed by Acorus gramineus,both higher than the rest of six plants in removal of TN.Removal of TP ranged from(50.24±1.87)%~(96.27±2.46)% and at 20 d,TP removal by Iris wilsonii is highest followed by Oenanthe javanica(Blume)DC and Acorus gramineus,both higher than rest of five plants.Removal of COD ranged from(59.34±1.37)%~(93.27±2.36)% and COD removal by Iris wilsonii is highest and the least by Phalaris?arundinacea?var.?picta,slight difference among 8plants.Removal of BOD5 ranged from(64.48±1.16)%~(92.98±1.23)%,highest removal by Oenanthe javanica(Blume)DC followed by Iris wilsonii and Acorus gramineus,three of them higher than the rest of five plants.The 8kinds of hydrophytes showed a good purification effect on urban wastewater,especially Iris wilsonii and Acorus gramineus..From the analysis of study,Iris wilsonii and Acorus gramineus are ideal plant species in the phytoremediation for urban wastewater.
引文
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[3]罗春.论国内城市污水处理现状及发展趋势[J].水处理信息导报,2007(6):1-4.
[4]Shanker A K,Cervantes C,Loza-Tavera H,et al.Chromium toxicity in plants[J].Environment International,2005,31(5):739-753.
[5]Brix H.How'green'are aquaculture,constructed wetlands and conventional wastewater treatment systems[J].Water Science&Technology,1999,40(3):45-50.
[6]叶水英.植物修复及其在环境污染治理中的作用[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(14):4252-4253.
[7]曾小梅,刘鹏,张晓斌.水生观赏植物对城市污水的修复研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(5):349-353.
[8]蔡佩英,刘爱琴,候晓龙.7种水生植物去除城市生活污水氮磷效果的研究[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(5):1067-1070.
[9]Gopal B.Natural and constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment:Potentials and problems[J].Water Science&Technology,1999,40(3):27-35.
[10]Lamchaturapatr J,Su W Y,Rhee J S.Nutrient removals by 21aquatic plants for vertical free surface-flow(VFS)constructed wetland[J].Ecological Engineering,2007,29(3):287-293.
[11]刘凤枝.农业环境监测实用手册[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.
[12]汤显强,黄岁樑.人工湿地去污机理及其国内外应用现状[J].水处理技术,2007,33(2):9-13.
[13]王荣,贺锋,徐栋,等.人工湿地机质除磷机理及影响因素研究[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(6E):12-18.
[14]李科德,胡正嘉.芦苇床系统净化污水的机理[J].中国环境科学,15(2),140-144.