中国古代负面性“移人性情”观念类型探究
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摘要
中国古代移人、移性观念的产生早于移情,三者内涵均为"移人性情"。体现负面价值判断的移人性情观与中国古代社会的政治观、社会观、文艺批评不无密切关联,呈现出中国文化的多面性。古人对负面性习俗移人性情的批评颇具社会学价值;强调功利移人、利口移情的弊端,表明中国古人的政治智慧;而邪说移人观与声色移情论,则更多地反映中国政治思想文化的保守性与工具理性。防范负面性移人性情,既体现儒家坚守本心与理想的价值理性,亦为道家体道的重要目标之一。
In ancient China,the concept of changing people's spiritual mood and changing people's habits came into being earlier than the concept of changing people's sentiment,all three connotations were "changing people's personality and sentiment".The negative concept of "changing people's personality and sentiment" was closely related to the political view,social outlook and literary criticism of ancient Chinese society,which reflected the multiple nature of Chinese culture.The ancients' criticism of negative customs changing people's personality and sentiment was of sociological value;emphasizing the disadvantages of the utilitarian changing people's spiritual mood and the profit changing people's sentiment indicated the political wisdom of the ancient Chinese;while the heretical concept of changing people's spiritual mood and the sensual concept of changing people's sentiment more reflected the conservatism and instrumental rationality of Chinese political ideology and culture.Preventing the negative "changing people's personality and sentiment" not only embodied the value rationality of Confucianism adhering to its heart and ideal,but also was one of the important goals of Taoist morality.
In ancient China,the concept of changing people's spiritual mood and changing people's habits came into being earlier than the concept of changing people's sentiment,all three connotations were "changing people's personality and sentiment".The negative concept of "changing people's personality and sentiment" was closely related to the political view,social outlook and literary criticism of ancient Chinese society,which reflected the multiple nature of Chinese culture.The ancients' criticism of negative customs changing people's personality and sentiment was of sociological value;emphasizing the disadvantages of the utilitarian changing people's spiritual mood and the profit changing people's sentiment indicated the political wisdom of the ancient Chinese;while the heretical concept of changing people's spiritual mood and the sensual concept of changing people's sentiment more reflected the conservatism and instrumental rationality of Chinese political ideology and culture.Preventing the negative "changing people's personality and sentiment" not only embodied the value rationality of Confucianism adhering to its heart and ideal,but also was one of the important goals of Taoist morality.
引文
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[36]沈炼.青霞集[M].四库全书(第1278册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[37]安乐哲.和而不同:中西哲学的会通[M].温海明,等译.北京:北京大学出版社,2009.
[38]司马光.资治通鉴[M].北京:中华书局,1956.
[39]吴兢.规谏太子[A].贞观政要[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1978.
[40]刘昫.旧唐书[M].北京:中华书局,1975.
[41]欧阳修,宋祁.新唐书[M].北京:中华书局,1975.
[42]杨士奇,等.历代名臣奏议[M].四库全书(第433册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[43]王世贞.艺苑卮言[M].续修四库全书(第1695册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,2002.
[44]李渔.李渔全集[M].杭州:浙江古籍出版社,1991.
[45]心学宗[O].方学渐辑,方中通续辑.清康熙继声堂刻本.
[46]何乔远.名山藏[O].崇祯刻本.
(1)“移情变气”,源自《黄帝内经·素问》之“移精变气”论。移易精气,与改变情志有相通之处,元以后“移精变气”亦写作“移情变气”,如:元滑寿辑《读素问钞》(明嘉靖刻本)、明李中梓《医宗必读》(崇祯十年刻本)、熊赐履《闲道录》(清刻本)等。
(2)详参王利器《风俗通义校注·叙例》,中华书局1981年版。
(3)此段参考葛晋荣《中国哲学范畴通论》(首都师范大学出版社2001年版)第二十二章《义和利》、周桂钿《董学探微》(福建教育出版社2015年版)第五章《义利论》。
(4)参见(南朝宋)刘义庆著,徐震堮校笺《世说新语》,中华书局1984年版,第 349页。
[2]葛荣晋.中国哲学范畴通论[M].北京:首都师范大学出版社,2001.
[3]王利器.风俗通义校注[M].北京:中华书局,1981.
[4]刘宝楠.论语正义[M].北京:中华书局,1990.
[5]晏子春秋集释(增订本)[M].吴则愈编著,吴受琚,俞震校补.北京:国家图书馆出版社,2011.
[6]喇沙里,陈廷敬,等.日讲四书解义[M].四库全书(第208册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[7]文选[M].萧统编,李善注.上海:上海古籍出版社,1986.
[8]班固.汉书[M].北京:中华书局,1975.
[9]刘安.淮南子[M].《新编诸子集成本》.北京:中华书局,1998.
[10]毛诗正义[M].孔颖达疏,阮元刻.十三经注疏(清嘉庆刊本).北京:中华书局,2009.
[11]李延寿.南史[M].北京:中华书局,1975.
[12]吴泳.鹤林集[M].四库全书(第1176册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[13]黄宗炎.周易象辞[M].四库全书(第40册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[14]黄宗羲.明儒学案[M].沈芝盈点校.北京:中华书局,1985.
[15]李日华.六研斋三笔[M].四库全书(第867册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[16]苏舆.春秋繁露义证[M].钟哲点校.北京:中华书局,1992.
[17]湛若水.春秋正传[M].四库全书(第167册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[18]傅恒,等.御纂春秋直解[M].四库全书(第174册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[19]邵雍.渔樵问对[A].邵雍集[M].北京:中华书局,2010.
[20]刘炎.迩言[M].四库全书(第703册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[21]尚书正义[M].黄怀信整理,孔安国注,孔颖达正义.上海:上海古籍出版社,2007.
[22]朱熹.四书章句集注[M].北京:中华书局,1983.
[23]司马迁.史记[M].北京:中华书局,1982.
[24]徐干.中论[M].四库全书(第696册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[25]苏轼.苏轼文集[M].北京:中华书局,1986.
[26]林之奇.拙斋文集[M].四库全书(第1140册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[27]林之奇.尚书全解[M].四库全书(第55册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[28]春秋左传正义[M].左丘明,杜预注,孔颖达等正义.上海:上海古籍出版社,1990.
[29]刘向.古列女传[M].四库全书(第448册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[30]叶山.叶八白易传[M].四库全书(第32册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[31]彭大翼.山堂肆考[M].四库全书(第976册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[32]罗泌.路史[M].四库全书(第38册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[33]俞文豹.吹剑录外集[M].《丛书集成初编》本.北京:中华书局,1991.
[34]唐叔文.六韬译注[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2006.
[35]三十六计[M].无谷译注.长春:吉林人民出版社,1979.
[36]沈炼.青霞集[M].四库全书(第1278册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[37]安乐哲.和而不同:中西哲学的会通[M].温海明,等译.北京:北京大学出版社,2009.
[38]司马光.资治通鉴[M].北京:中华书局,1956.
[39]吴兢.规谏太子[A].贞观政要[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1978.
[40]刘昫.旧唐书[M].北京:中华书局,1975.
[41]欧阳修,宋祁.新唐书[M].北京:中华书局,1975.
[42]杨士奇,等.历代名臣奏议[M].四库全书(第433册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[43]王世贞.艺苑卮言[M].续修四库全书(第1695册)[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,2002.
[44]李渔.李渔全集[M].杭州:浙江古籍出版社,1991.
[45]心学宗[O].方学渐辑,方中通续辑.清康熙继声堂刻本.
[46]何乔远.名山藏[O].崇祯刻本.
(1)“移情变气”,源自《黄帝内经·素问》之“移精变气”论。移易精气,与改变情志有相通之处,元以后“移精变气”亦写作“移情变气”,如:元滑寿辑《读素问钞》(明嘉靖刻本)、明李中梓《医宗必读》(崇祯十年刻本)、熊赐履《闲道录》(清刻本)等。
(2)详参王利器《风俗通义校注·叙例》,中华书局1981年版。
(3)此段参考葛晋荣《中国哲学范畴通论》(首都师范大学出版社2001年版)第二十二章《义和利》、周桂钿《董学探微》(福建教育出版社2015年版)第五章《义利论》。
(4)参见(南朝宋)刘义庆著,徐震堮校笺《世说新语》,中华书局1984年版,第 349页。