端环断裂引发电机电磁性能及振动变化规律的研究
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摘要
针对笼型感应电机运行过程中出现的端环断裂问题,研究端环故障对电机电磁性能及电磁振动的影响,旨在从电磁性能和电磁振动角度找出端环断裂故障的诊断方法。以一台笼型感应电机为例,建立三维有限元电磁计算模型,采用时步有限元法,计算电机额定工况时的三维瞬态电磁场,分析故障前后电机磁场分布的变化,并研究故障对电机运行性能的影响。基于三维电磁计算结果,结合麦克斯韦应力方程,计算正常和故障电机气隙中的电磁力,并以电磁力为载荷条件,对电机进行电磁振动的计算。仿真及实验结果均表明,通过对定子电流和电磁振动信号的分析,可以提取电机故障特征量,为工程实际提供参考。
In order to solve the issue of broken end rings during the operation of squirrel-cage induction motors, the influences of broken end rings on electromagnetic performances and vibration were discussed, to find out the diagnosis method of end-ring faults from electromagnetic property and vibration. Firstly, the 3 D finite element models were established for cases of an induction motor. Under rated load, the transient magnetic fields were calculated by time-stepping coupled with the finite element method, and the effect of the broken end ring on the motor electromagnetic field was analyzed. Then, based on the results of the 3 D transient magnetic field, electromagnetic forces in the air gap of the normal and fault motors were calculated by the Maxwell stress equations. Taking electromagnetic forces as the load condition,the electromagnetic vibration was calculated. The simulation and experimental results show that the fault characteristic of the motor can be extracted, which provides a reference for the engineering practice, by the analysis of stator currents and electromagnetic vibration signals.
In order to solve the issue of broken end rings during the operation of squirrel-cage induction motors, the influences of broken end rings on electromagnetic performances and vibration were discussed, to find out the diagnosis method of end-ring faults from electromagnetic property and vibration. Firstly, the 3 D finite element models were established for cases of an induction motor. Under rated load, the transient magnetic fields were calculated by time-stepping coupled with the finite element method, and the effect of the broken end ring on the motor electromagnetic field was analyzed. Then, based on the results of the 3 D transient magnetic field, electromagnetic forces in the air gap of the normal and fault motors were calculated by the Maxwell stress equations. Taking electromagnetic forces as the load condition,the electromagnetic vibration was calculated. The simulation and experimental results show that the fault characteristic of the motor can be extracted, which provides a reference for the engineering practice, by the analysis of stator currents and electromagnetic vibration signals.
引文
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[21]汤蕴璆.电机内的电磁场[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,1988.Tang Yunqiu.Electromagnetic fields in electrical machine[M].Second Edition.Beijing:Science Press,2010:304-308(in Chinese).
[2]Jung J H.Erosion models of rotor bar and end ring faults in progress to diagnose induction motor status[C]//2007IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.Vigo,Spain:IEEE;2007:1101-1106.
[3]李伟.异步电动机状态监测与故障诊断技术研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2004.Li Wei.Study on technology of asynchronous motor condition monitoring and fault diagnosis[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2004(in Chinese).
[4]Xie Ying.Characteristic performance analysis of squirrel cage induction motor with broken bars[J].IEEETransactions on Magnetics,2009,45(2):759-766.
[5]谢颖,王泽,单雪婷,等.基于多场量的笼型感应电机三维瞬态磁热固耦合计算分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(11):3076-3084.Xie Ying,Wang Ze,Shan Xueting,et al.The calculations and analysis of 3D transient magnetic-thermal-solid coupling for squirrel-cage induction motors based on multi fields[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(11):3076-3084(in Chinese).
[6]Xie Ying.Performance evaluation and thermal fields analysis of induction motor with broken rotor bars located at different relative positions[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2010,46(5):1243-1250.
[7]刘沛津,高雪波,孙昱.三相电流主分量融合的电机故障图形诊断方法[J].电机与控制学报,2017,21(6):75-82.Liu Peijin,Gao Xuebo,Sun Yu.Graphic diagnosismethod of motor faults based on components fusion of three phase currents PCA[J].Electric Machines and Control,2017,21(6):75-82(in Chinese).
[8]Shi Pu,Chen Zheng,Vagapov Y,et al.A new diagnosis of broken rotor bar fault extent in three phase squirrel cage induction motor[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2014,42(1):388-403.
[9]田慕琴,李双双,宋建成,等.异步电动机断条与静偏心复合故障的电流特征[J].电机与控制学报,2017,21(6):1-9.Tian Muqin,Li Shuangshuang,Song Jiancheng,et al.Effects of the mixed fault of broken bars and static eccentricity on current of induction motor[J].Electric Machines and Control,2017,21(6):1-9(in Chinese).
[10]时献江,张春喜,邵俊鹏.异步电机断条故障诊断的细化包络方法[J].电机与控制学报,2008,12(2):151-154,159.Shi Xianjiang,Zhang Chunxi,Shao Junpeng.Fault diagnosis of induction motor with broken bar based on zoom envelope method[J].Electric Machines and Control,2008,12(2):151-154,159(in Chinese).
[11]贾朱植.基于运行状态的鼠笼电机转子导条断裂故障诊断方法研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2017.Jia Zhuzhi.Research on broken rotor bars fault diagnosis for squirrel cage induction motors based on running states[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2017(in Chinese).
[12]王荀,邱阿瑞.笼型异步电动机径向电磁力波的有限元计算[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(7):109-117.Wang Xun,Qiu Arui.Finite element calculation of radial electromagnetic force wave in squirrel-cage asynchronous motors[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(7):109-117(in Chinese).
[13]李文,赵慧敏,邓武.变频器驱动异步电机振动频谱特征分析[J].电机与控制学报,2012,16(8):67-73.Li Wen,Zhao Huimin,Deng Wu.Analysis of vibration spectrum characteristics for asynchronous motor driven by inverter[J].Electric Machines and Control,2012,16(8):67-73(in Chinese).
[14]王玎,祝长生,符嘉靖.基于有限元的异步电机电磁振动分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,31(2):140-144,154.Wang Ding,Zhu Changsheng,Fu Jiajing.Electromagnetically excited vibration analysis for an asynchronous electrical machine with finite element method[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,31(2):140-144,154(in Chinese).
[15]陈益广,韩柏然,沈勇环,等.永磁同步推进电机电磁振动分析[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(23):16-22,doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.161991.Chen Yiguang,Han Boran,Shen Yonghuan,et al.Electromagnetic vibration analysis of permanent magnet synchronous propulsion motor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(23):16-22,doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.161991(in Chinese).
[16]丁康,谢明,杨志坚.离散频谱分析校正理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:101-110.Ding Kang,Xie Ming,Yang Zhijian.The theory and technology of discrete spectrum correction[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008:101-110(in Chinese).
[17]杨浩东,陈阳生.分数槽永磁同步电机电磁振动的分析与抑制[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(24):83-89.Yang Haodong,Chen Yangsheng.Electromagnetic vibration analysis and suppression of permanent magnet synchronous motor with fractional slot combination[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(24):83-89(in Chinese).
[18]高景德,王祥珩,李发海.交流电机及其系统的分析[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:316-318.Gao Jingde,Wang Xiangheng,Li Fahai.Analysis of ACelectrical machine systems[M].Second Edition.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005(in Chinese).
[19]汤蕴璆,梁艳萍.电机电磁场的分析与计算[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010:304-308.Tang Yunqiu,Liang Yanping.Analysis and calculation of the electromagnetic field in electrical machine[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2010:304-308(in Chinese).
[20]陈永校,诸自强,应善成,等.电机噪声的分析和控制[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1987:78-82.Chen Yongxiao,Zhu Ziqiang,Ying Shancheng,et al.Analysis and control about motor noise[M].Hang zhou:Zhejiang University Press,1987:78-82(in Chinese).
[21]汤蕴璆.电机内的电磁场[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,1988.Tang Yunqiu.Electromagnetic fields in electrical machine[M].Second Edition.Beijing:Science Press,2010:304-308(in Chinese).