江西黄山铌(钽)矿床中铌钽矿物的矿物学特征及地质意义
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摘要
江西葛源黄山铌(钽)矿位于赣杭构造带灵山花岗岩体的西侧,矿区内发育黑云母花岗岩、钠长石化花岗岩、萤石石英脉、伟晶岩4种岩性。通过详细的岩相学观察、铌钽矿物的电子探针化学组成、元素面扫描分析,揭示了黄山铌(钽)矿中铌钽的赋存状态及灵山岩体演化与铌钽富集过程的关系。研究结果表明,黄山铌(钽)矿中铌钽矿物主要为铌铁矿和铌铁金红石,铌铁矿交代了早期形成的铌铁金红石,期间发生了如下置换关系:3Ti~(4+)→2(Nb~(5+)+Ta~(5+))+Fe~(2+)。黄山铌(钽)矿主要富Nb,与松树岗铌钽矿相比,含矿岩体中F、Li的质量分数较低。F可以降低固相线温度,延长岩浆结晶分异的时间,增加岩浆的结晶分异程度。Li会增加Nb、Ta的溶解度,但是对Ta的效果更明显。因此,黄山铌(钽)矿的岩浆演化程度低于松树岗铌钽矿,后期岩浆—热液演化阶段的流体作用较弱,导致黄山铌(钽)矿以富Nb为主。
The Huangshan niobium(tantalum) deposit in Geyuan County, Jiangxi Province is located in the west side of Lingshan granite pluton, Gan-Hang Belt. This paper studies the occurrence of niobium and tantalum minerals in biotite granite, albite granite,fluorite-quartz vein, and pegmatite by petrographical observation, and mineral chemical and elemental mapping analysis with EPMA. The paper also discusses the relationship between the magma evolution of Lingshan granite and the niobium tantalum mineralization. The results indicate that the niobium and tantalum minerals in the Huangshan niobium(tantalum) deposit are columbite and niobium rutile. The columbite replaced the early formed niobium rutile with the exchange reaction of 3 Ti~(4+)→2(Nb~(5+)+Ta~(5+))+Fe~(2+). Huangshan niobium(tantalum) deposit is mainly rich in Nb. Compared with Songshugang niobium tantalum deposit, Huangshan niobium(tantalum) deposit contains lower F and Li in the whole rock. Fluorine can reduce the temperature of solidus line and extend the duration of magmatic crystallization, and increase the degree of magma evolution. The higher Li content increases the solubility of Nb and Ta, but the effect on Ta is more obvious. Accordingly, it is speculated that the magma evolution of Huangshan niobium(tantalum) deposit is lower than that of Songshugang, and the fluid interaction in the magma-hydrothermal transitional stage is weaker than that of Songshugang. However, the Songshugang niobium tantalum deposit underwent strong magmatic evolution, and the fluid reaction in the magma-hydrothermal transition stage promoted the enrichment and precipitation of Ta.
The Huangshan niobium(tantalum) deposit in Geyuan County, Jiangxi Province is located in the west side of Lingshan granite pluton, Gan-Hang Belt. This paper studies the occurrence of niobium and tantalum minerals in biotite granite, albite granite,fluorite-quartz vein, and pegmatite by petrographical observation, and mineral chemical and elemental mapping analysis with EPMA. The paper also discusses the relationship between the magma evolution of Lingshan granite and the niobium tantalum mineralization. The results indicate that the niobium and tantalum minerals in the Huangshan niobium(tantalum) deposit are columbite and niobium rutile. The columbite replaced the early formed niobium rutile with the exchange reaction of 3 Ti~(4+)→2(Nb~(5+)+Ta~(5+))+Fe~(2+). Huangshan niobium(tantalum) deposit is mainly rich in Nb. Compared with Songshugang niobium tantalum deposit, Huangshan niobium(tantalum) deposit contains lower F and Li in the whole rock. Fluorine can reduce the temperature of solidus line and extend the duration of magmatic crystallization, and increase the degree of magma evolution. The higher Li content increases the solubility of Nb and Ta, but the effect on Ta is more obvious. Accordingly, it is speculated that the magma evolution of Huangshan niobium(tantalum) deposit is lower than that of Songshugang, and the fluid interaction in the magma-hydrothermal transitional stage is weaker than that of Songshugang. However, the Songshugang niobium tantalum deposit underwent strong magmatic evolution, and the fluid reaction in the magma-hydrothermal transition stage promoted the enrichment and precipitation of Ta.
引文
[1] 黄定堂.灵山岩体演化特征及其与稀有金属的成矿关系[J].地质与勘探,2003,39(4):35-40.
[2] 田邦生,周贤旭.赣东北“金三角区”成矿带的划分及成矿模式[J].地质找矿论丛,2008,23(2):130-134.
[3] 陈志中.赣东北灵山岩体的阶段划分与钨钽成矿关系的研究[J].大地构造与成矿学,1984,9(1):59-70.
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[10] 周旻,曾晓建,陈正钱.江西葛源稀有金属矿床铌钽赋存状态[J].有色金属科学与工程,2006,20(4):1-5.
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[12] Zhou Jie,Jiang Yaohui,Xing Guangfu,et al.Geochronology and petrogenesis of Cretaceous A-type granites from the NE Jiangnan Orogen,SE China[J].International Geology Review,2013,55(11):1359-1383.
[13] 郑建平,李昌年,薛重生,等.江西灵山花岗岩中玄武岩包体的成因[J].地质科技情报,1996,15(1):19-24.
[14] 叶茂,赵赫,赵沔,等.赣杭构造带灵山花岗岩体黑云母的矿物化学特征及其对岩石成因的指示意义[J].岩石学报,2017,33(3):896-906.
[15] Zhang Ruoxi,Yang Shuiyuan.A mathematical model for determining carbon coating thickness and its application in electron probe microanalysis[J].Microscopy and Microanalysis,2016,22(6):1374-1380.
[16] Linnen R L,Samson I M,Williams-Jones A E,et al.Geochemistry of the rare-earth element,Nb,Ta,Hf,and Zr deposits[J].Treatise on Geochemistry,2014,13:543-568.
[17] 郭永泉,袁忠信,白鸽,等.江西松树岗铌钽锡钨花岗岩岩石矿物特征及其成因[C]//中国地质科学院文集.1985:221-226.
[18] Che Xudong,Wu Fuyuan,Wang Rucheng,et al.In situ U-Pb isotopic dating of columbite-tantalite by LA-ICP-MS[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2015,65(4):979-989.
[19] 宋扬,杜杨松,张智宇,等.安徽铜陵新桥铜-硫-铁矿床矶头岩体的矿物学和锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(1):38-45.
[20] Deng Jun,Yang Liqiao,Gao Bangfei,et al.Fluid evolution and metallogenic dynamics during tectonic regime transition:example from the Jiapigou gold belt in northeast China[J].Resource Geology,2010,59(2):140-152.
[21] Zhang Dequan,Feng Chengyou,Li Daxin,et al.The evolution of ore-forming fluids in the porphyry-epithermal metallogenic system of Zijinshan area[J].Acta Geosicientia Sinica,2005,26(2):127-136.
[22] Zhai Wei,Sun Xiaoming,He Xiaoping,et al.Geochemistry of ore forming fluid and metallogenic mechanism of axi low-sulfidation gold deposit in Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(5):659-669.
[23] Yu Miao,Feng Chengyou,Xiao Ye,et al.Features and evolution of metallogenic fluid in Jiadanggen porphyry copper deposit of Gonghe Country,Qinghai Province[J].Mineral Deposits,2013,32(1):133-147.
[24] Wang Keyong,Qing Min,Zhang Xinna.Study on the characteristics of fluid inclusions and metallogenic evolution of Jinchang gold deposit,Heilongjiang Province[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(5):1275-1286.
[25] Zaraisky G P,Korzhinskaya V,Kotova N.Experimental studies of Ta2O5 and columbite-tantalite solubility in fluoride solutions from 300 to 550℃ and 50 to 100 MPa[J].Mineralogy and Petrology,2010,99(3/4):287-300.
[26] 唐傲,李光来,周龙全,等.赣南茅坪钨矿伟晶岩壳中环带云母的特征及对岩浆一热液演化过程的指示意义[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(1):30-37.
[27] Bartels A,Holtz F,Linnen R L.Solubility of manganotantalite and manganocolumbite in pegmatitic melts[J].American Mineralogist,2010,95(4):537-544.
[28] Linnen R L.The solubility of Nb-Ta-Zr-Hf-W in granitic melts with Li and Li+F:Constraints for mineralization in rare metal granites and pegmatites[J].Economic Geology,1998,93:1013-1025.
[2] 田邦生,周贤旭.赣东北“金三角区”成矿带的划分及成矿模式[J].地质找矿论丛,2008,23(2):130-134.
[3] 陈志中.赣东北灵山岩体的阶段划分与钨钽成矿关系的研究[J].大地构造与成矿学,1984,9(1):59-70.
[4] 章崇真,李吉涛,黄定堂,等.江西灵山花岗岩的演化和成矿[J].大地构造与成矿学,1985,9(4):323-340.
[5] 章平,田邦生.赣东北灵山复式岩体特征及其成矿作用初探[J].世界核地质科学,2005,22(1):31-38.
[6] 刘友华,李康东,涂金飞.江西葛源黄山铌(钽)矿床地质特征及成因分析[J].资源调查与环境,2011,32(4):291-298.
[7] Zhu Zeyin,Wang Rucheng,Che Xudong,et al.Magmatic-hydrothermal rare-element mineralization in the Songshugang granite (northeastern Jiangxi,China):Insights from an electron-microprobe study of Nb-Ta-Zr minerals[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2015,65:749-760.
[8] Xiang Yuanxin,Yang Jinhui,Chen Jingyuan,et al.Petrogenesis of Lingshan highly fractionated granites in the Southeast China:Implication for Nb-Ta mineralization[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2017,89:497-525.
[9] Zhu Zeyin,Wang Rucheng,Marignac C,et al.A new style of rare metal granite with Nb-rich mica:The Early Cretaceous Huangshan rare-metal granite suite,northeast Jiangxi Province,southeast China[J].American Mineralogist,2018,103(10):1530-1544.
[10] 周旻,曾晓建,陈正钱.江西葛源稀有金属矿床铌钽赋存状态[J].有色金属科学与工程,2006,20(4):1-5.
[11] 黄定堂.江西横峰松树岗钨锡铌钽多金属矿床成因探讨[J].矿产勘查,1999,8(4):231-236.
[12] Zhou Jie,Jiang Yaohui,Xing Guangfu,et al.Geochronology and petrogenesis of Cretaceous A-type granites from the NE Jiangnan Orogen,SE China[J].International Geology Review,2013,55(11):1359-1383.
[13] 郑建平,李昌年,薛重生,等.江西灵山花岗岩中玄武岩包体的成因[J].地质科技情报,1996,15(1):19-24.
[14] 叶茂,赵赫,赵沔,等.赣杭构造带灵山花岗岩体黑云母的矿物化学特征及其对岩石成因的指示意义[J].岩石学报,2017,33(3):896-906.
[15] Zhang Ruoxi,Yang Shuiyuan.A mathematical model for determining carbon coating thickness and its application in electron probe microanalysis[J].Microscopy and Microanalysis,2016,22(6):1374-1380.
[16] Linnen R L,Samson I M,Williams-Jones A E,et al.Geochemistry of the rare-earth element,Nb,Ta,Hf,and Zr deposits[J].Treatise on Geochemistry,2014,13:543-568.
[17] 郭永泉,袁忠信,白鸽,等.江西松树岗铌钽锡钨花岗岩岩石矿物特征及其成因[C]//中国地质科学院文集.1985:221-226.
[18] Che Xudong,Wu Fuyuan,Wang Rucheng,et al.In situ U-Pb isotopic dating of columbite-tantalite by LA-ICP-MS[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2015,65(4):979-989.
[19] 宋扬,杜杨松,张智宇,等.安徽铜陵新桥铜-硫-铁矿床矶头岩体的矿物学和锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(1):38-45.
[20] Deng Jun,Yang Liqiao,Gao Bangfei,et al.Fluid evolution and metallogenic dynamics during tectonic regime transition:example from the Jiapigou gold belt in northeast China[J].Resource Geology,2010,59(2):140-152.
[21] Zhang Dequan,Feng Chengyou,Li Daxin,et al.The evolution of ore-forming fluids in the porphyry-epithermal metallogenic system of Zijinshan area[J].Acta Geosicientia Sinica,2005,26(2):127-136.
[22] Zhai Wei,Sun Xiaoming,He Xiaoping,et al.Geochemistry of ore forming fluid and metallogenic mechanism of axi low-sulfidation gold deposit in Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(5):659-669.
[23] Yu Miao,Feng Chengyou,Xiao Ye,et al.Features and evolution of metallogenic fluid in Jiadanggen porphyry copper deposit of Gonghe Country,Qinghai Province[J].Mineral Deposits,2013,32(1):133-147.
[24] Wang Keyong,Qing Min,Zhang Xinna.Study on the characteristics of fluid inclusions and metallogenic evolution of Jinchang gold deposit,Heilongjiang Province[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(5):1275-1286.
[25] Zaraisky G P,Korzhinskaya V,Kotova N.Experimental studies of Ta2O5 and columbite-tantalite solubility in fluoride solutions from 300 to 550℃ and 50 to 100 MPa[J].Mineralogy and Petrology,2010,99(3/4):287-300.
[26] 唐傲,李光来,周龙全,等.赣南茅坪钨矿伟晶岩壳中环带云母的特征及对岩浆一热液演化过程的指示意义[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(1):30-37.
[27] Bartels A,Holtz F,Linnen R L.Solubility of manganotantalite and manganocolumbite in pegmatitic melts[J].American Mineralogist,2010,95(4):537-544.
[28] Linnen R L.The solubility of Nb-Ta-Zr-Hf-W in granitic melts with Li and Li+F:Constraints for mineralization in rare metal granites and pegmatites[J].Economic Geology,1998,93:1013-1025.