斜孔虹吸排水管内泥沙起动流速方程的推导及应用
|
摘要
边坡虹吸排水是一种新型的坡体排水措施,具有建设费用低、施工速度快等优点,能有效降低坡体的地下水位。对于滑体厚度较大的边坡,可以采用斜孔虹吸方法排出深部地下水。为保证虹吸过程的长期稳定,虹吸管一般采用4 mm内径。鉴于边坡虹吸排水具有间歇性特征,保障管内泥沙尤其是较大粒径的泥沙颗粒能随水流顺利排出是虹吸排水系统工作的基础。论文针对斜孔虹吸排水管中粒径为0.5～1 mm的较大颗粒泥沙的起动进行了研究,分析了泥沙颗粒在虹吸斜管水流中的受力状态并建立了起动模型。应用起动概率理论,对泥沙颗粒的粒径分布进行了分析,推导获得了倾斜虹吸管中大颗粒泥沙的起动流速方程,与经典解析公式及物理模型试验结果进行对比验证了其准确性。并进一步对得到的起动流速方程在实际虹吸排水工程中的应用做了分析与展望。
Siphon drains in slope, a novel slope drainage measure with lower construction cost and higher construction speed, can effectively reduce the slope's groundwater level. For slopes with large slippery bodies, the Inclined siphon method can be used to drain the deep groundwater. In order to ensure the long-term stability of the siphon process, the diameter of siphon is usually 4 mm. In view of the intermittent characteristics of slope siphon drainage, it is the foundation for siphon drainage system to ensure that the sediment, especially the large size sediment in the pipe can be discharged smoothly with the water flow. This paper studied the incipient motion of larger granular sediment with a particle size of 0.5～1 mm in an inclined siphon pipe, And the relative stress state of sediment was analyzed while the incipient model was established. Using the theory of incipient probability, the particle size distribution of sediment was analyzed, and the theoretical formula of the incipient velocity for large size sediment in inclined siphon was obtained by deduction. The accuracy was verified with the classical analytical formula and physical model test results, and the application of the incipient velocity formula in the actual siphon drainage project is analyzed and forecasted.
Siphon drains in slope, a novel slope drainage measure with lower construction cost and higher construction speed, can effectively reduce the slope's groundwater level. For slopes with large slippery bodies, the Inclined siphon method can be used to drain the deep groundwater. In order to ensure the long-term stability of the siphon process, the diameter of siphon is usually 4 mm. In view of the intermittent characteristics of slope siphon drainage, it is the foundation for siphon drainage system to ensure that the sediment, especially the large size sediment in the pipe can be discharged smoothly with the water flow. This paper studied the incipient motion of larger granular sediment with a particle size of 0.5～1 mm in an inclined siphon pipe, And the relative stress state of sediment was analyzed while the incipient model was established. Using the theory of incipient probability, the particle size distribution of sediment was analyzed, and the theoretical formula of the incipient velocity for large size sediment in inclined siphon was obtained by deduction. The accuracy was verified with the classical analytical formula and physical model test results, and the application of the incipient velocity formula in the actual siphon drainage project is analyzed and forecasted.
引文
[1] 李焕强, 孙红月, 孙新民, 等. 降雨入渗对边坡性状影响的模型实验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2009, 31(4): 590-594.LI Huanqiang, SUN Hongyue, Sun Xinmin, et al. Influence of rainfall infiltration on slopes by physical model test[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2009, 31(4):590-594. (in Chinese)
[2] Igwe O, Mode W, Nnebedum O, et al. The analysis of rainfall-induced slope failures at Iva Valley area of Enugu State, Nigeria[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014, 71(5): 2465-2480.
[3] Corominas J, Moya J, Ledesma A, et al. Prediction of ground displacements and velocities from groundwater level changes at the Vallcebre landslide (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain)[J]. Landslides, 2005, 2(2): 83-96.
[4] Cascini L, Cuomo S, Pastor M, et al. Modeling of rainfall-induced shallow landslides of the flow-type[J]. Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2010, 136(1): 85-98.
[5] 贺可强, 李相然, 孙林娜, 等. 水诱发堆积层滑坡位移动力学参数及其在稳定性评价中的应用——以三峡库区黄腊石滑坡分析为例[J]. 岩土力学, 2008, 29(11): 2983-2989.HE Keqiang, LI Xiangran, SUN linna, et al. A displacement dynamics parameter of debris landslide induced by water and its application to stability evaluation——Taking Huanglashi landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir area for example[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2008, 29(11): 2983-2989. (in Chinese)
[6] 杨宇友, 姚爱军, 张在明, 等. 岸坡地下水控制技术的试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2009, 30(8): 2281-2285.YANG Yuyou, YAO Aijun, ZHANG Zaiming, et al. Experimental study of controlling groundwater technology for bank slope[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2009, 30(8): 2281-2285. (in Chinese)
[7] 李卓, 何勇军, 盛金保, 等. 降雨与库水位共同作用下近坝库岸边坡滑坡模型试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2017, 39(3): 453-458.LI Zhuo, HE Yongjun, SHENG Jinbao, et al. Landslide model for slope of reservoir bank under combined effects of rainfall and reservoir water level[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2017, 39(3): 453-458. (in Chinese)
[8] CAI Yueliang, SUN Hongyue, SHANG Yuequan, et al. An investigation of flow characteristics in slope siphon drains[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A: Applied Physics & Engineering, 2014. 15(1): 22-30.
[9] 任姗姗, 尚岳全, 何婷婷, 等. 边坡虹吸排水数值模拟方法及应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2013, 32(10): 2022-2027.REN Shanshan, SHANG Yuequan, HE Tingting, et al. Numerical simulation method for siphonic drainage in slope and its application[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2013, 32(10): 2022-2027. (in Chinese)
[10] 孙红月, 熊晓亮, 尚岳全, 等. 边坡虹吸排水管内空气积累原因及应对措施[J]. 吉林大学学报: 地球科学版, 2014, 44(1): 279-284.SUN Hongyue, XIONG Xiaoliang, SHANG Yue quan, et al. Pipe air accumulation causes and its control method in slope siphon drainage[J]. Journal of Jilin University: Earth Science Edition, 2014, 44(1): 279-284. (in Chinese)
[11] 吴梦萍, 孙红月, 梅成. 边坡虹吸排水孔间距研究[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2017, 26(2): 40-46.WU Mengping, SUN Hongyue, MEI Cheng. Analysis of slope siphon drainage hole spacing[J]. Journal of Natural Disaster, 2017, 26(2): 40-46. (in Chinese)
[12] 冯建刚, 陈斌, 王晓升. 基于定理的虹吸式出水管原型和模型虹吸形成时间的相似分析[J]. 清华大学学报, 2011, 51(4): 503-507.FENG Jiangang, CHEN Bin, WANG Xiaosheng. Similarity analysis of siphon formation time of siphon pipes between the prototype and model based on the π theorem[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University, 2014, 51(4): 279-284. (in Chinese)
[13] 尚岳全, 蔡岳良, 魏振磊, 等. 滑坡虹吸排水方法[J]. 工程地质学报, 2015, 23(4): 706-711.SHANG Yuequan, CAI Yueliang, WEI Zhenglei, et al. Siphon drainage method for landslide prevention[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2015, 23(4): 706-711. (in Chinese)
[14] 蔡岳良. 滑坡虹吸排水空气积累控制及其工程应用[D]. 杭州:浙江大学建筑工程学院, 2017: 110-115.CAI Yueliang. Air accumulation Control and Engineering Application on Slope Siphon Drainage[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2017: 110-115. (in Chinese)
[15] 熊晓亮, 孙红月, 张世华, 等. 高扬程虹吸保障条件分析与合理管径选择数值模拟[J]. 吉林大学学报(地), 2014, 44(5): 1595-1601.XIONG Xiaoliang, SUN Hongyue, ZHANG Shihua, et al. Analysis of condition of ensuring high-lift siphon drainage and numerical simulation of choice of optimum diameter[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2014, 44(5): 1595-1601. (in Chinese)
[16] 潘攀. 黑方台滑坡机理及防治对策研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学建筑工程学院, 2017: 66-70.PAN Pan. Study on Mechanism and Treatment of Landslide in Heifangtai[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2017: 66-70. (in Chinese)
[17] 刘大有, 王光谦, 李洪州. 泥沙运动的受力分析——关于碰撞力的讨论[J]. 泥沙研究, 1993(2): 41-47.LIU Dayou, WANG Guangqian, LI Hongzhou. Force analyses of sediment transport——a discussion on the “collision force”[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 1993(2): 41-47. (in Chinese)
[18] 孙志林, 谢鉴衡, 段文忠, 等. 非均匀沙分级起动规律研究[J]. 水利学报, 1997(10): 26-33.SUN Zhilin, XIE Jianheng, DUAN Wenzhong, et al. Incipient motion of individual fractions of nonuniform sediment[J]. Journal of hydraulic engineering, 1997(10): 26-33. (in Chinese)
[19] 张文君. 泥石流虹吸排水分流池的自清淤能力研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学建筑工程学院, 2016: 2159-2164.ZHANG Wenjun. Analysis on Self-dredging Capability of Siphon Drainage Pool in Debris Flow[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2016(11): 2159-2164. (in Chinese)
[20] 王延贵, 胡春宏, 朱毕生. 模型沙起动流速公式的研究[J]. 水利学报, 2007, 38(5): 518-522.WANG Yangui, HU Chunhong, ZHU Bisheng. Study on formula of incipient velocity of sediment in model test[J]. Journal of hydraulic engineering, 2007, 38(5): 518-522. (in Chinese)
[21] 张瑞瑾. 河流泥沙动力学[M]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2002: 8-72.ZHANG Ruijin. River Sediment Dynamics[M]. Beijing: China Water & Power Press, 2002: 8-72. (in Chinese)
[22] 周双, 张根广, 邢茹, 等. 床面均匀沙拖曳力及上举力系数的确定[J]. 泥沙研究, 2016(2): 1-6.ZHOU Shuang, ZHANG Genguang, XING Ru, et al. Determination of drag and lift coefficients of uniform sediment on the bed surface[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2016(2): 1-6. (in Chinese)
[23] 孙红月, 尚岳全, 蔡岳良. 斜坡虹吸排水理论与实践[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2016: 111-118.SUN Hongyue, SHANG Yuequan, CAI Yueliang. Theory and Practice of Slope Siphon Drainage[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2016: 111-118. (in Chinese)
[24] 毛根海, 邵卫云, 张燕. 应用流体力学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006: 150-155.MAO Genhai, SHAO Weiyun, ZHANG Yan. Application Fluid Mechanics[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006: 150-155. (in Chinese)
[2] Igwe O, Mode W, Nnebedum O, et al. The analysis of rainfall-induced slope failures at Iva Valley area of Enugu State, Nigeria[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014, 71(5): 2465-2480.
[3] Corominas J, Moya J, Ledesma A, et al. Prediction of ground displacements and velocities from groundwater level changes at the Vallcebre landslide (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain)[J]. Landslides, 2005, 2(2): 83-96.
[4] Cascini L, Cuomo S, Pastor M, et al. Modeling of rainfall-induced shallow landslides of the flow-type[J]. Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2010, 136(1): 85-98.
[5] 贺可强, 李相然, 孙林娜, 等. 水诱发堆积层滑坡位移动力学参数及其在稳定性评价中的应用——以三峡库区黄腊石滑坡分析为例[J]. 岩土力学, 2008, 29(11): 2983-2989.HE Keqiang, LI Xiangran, SUN linna, et al. A displacement dynamics parameter of debris landslide induced by water and its application to stability evaluation——Taking Huanglashi landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir area for example[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2008, 29(11): 2983-2989. (in Chinese)
[6] 杨宇友, 姚爱军, 张在明, 等. 岸坡地下水控制技术的试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2009, 30(8): 2281-2285.YANG Yuyou, YAO Aijun, ZHANG Zaiming, et al. Experimental study of controlling groundwater technology for bank slope[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2009, 30(8): 2281-2285. (in Chinese)
[7] 李卓, 何勇军, 盛金保, 等. 降雨与库水位共同作用下近坝库岸边坡滑坡模型试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2017, 39(3): 453-458.LI Zhuo, HE Yongjun, SHENG Jinbao, et al. Landslide model for slope of reservoir bank under combined effects of rainfall and reservoir water level[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2017, 39(3): 453-458. (in Chinese)
[8] CAI Yueliang, SUN Hongyue, SHANG Yuequan, et al. An investigation of flow characteristics in slope siphon drains[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A: Applied Physics & Engineering, 2014. 15(1): 22-30.
[9] 任姗姗, 尚岳全, 何婷婷, 等. 边坡虹吸排水数值模拟方法及应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2013, 32(10): 2022-2027.REN Shanshan, SHANG Yuequan, HE Tingting, et al. Numerical simulation method for siphonic drainage in slope and its application[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2013, 32(10): 2022-2027. (in Chinese)
[10] 孙红月, 熊晓亮, 尚岳全, 等. 边坡虹吸排水管内空气积累原因及应对措施[J]. 吉林大学学报: 地球科学版, 2014, 44(1): 279-284.SUN Hongyue, XIONG Xiaoliang, SHANG Yue quan, et al. Pipe air accumulation causes and its control method in slope siphon drainage[J]. Journal of Jilin University: Earth Science Edition, 2014, 44(1): 279-284. (in Chinese)
[11] 吴梦萍, 孙红月, 梅成. 边坡虹吸排水孔间距研究[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2017, 26(2): 40-46.WU Mengping, SUN Hongyue, MEI Cheng. Analysis of slope siphon drainage hole spacing[J]. Journal of Natural Disaster, 2017, 26(2): 40-46. (in Chinese)
[12] 冯建刚, 陈斌, 王晓升. 基于定理的虹吸式出水管原型和模型虹吸形成时间的相似分析[J]. 清华大学学报, 2011, 51(4): 503-507.FENG Jiangang, CHEN Bin, WANG Xiaosheng. Similarity analysis of siphon formation time of siphon pipes between the prototype and model based on the π theorem[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University, 2014, 51(4): 279-284. (in Chinese)
[13] 尚岳全, 蔡岳良, 魏振磊, 等. 滑坡虹吸排水方法[J]. 工程地质学报, 2015, 23(4): 706-711.SHANG Yuequan, CAI Yueliang, WEI Zhenglei, et al. Siphon drainage method for landslide prevention[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2015, 23(4): 706-711. (in Chinese)
[14] 蔡岳良. 滑坡虹吸排水空气积累控制及其工程应用[D]. 杭州:浙江大学建筑工程学院, 2017: 110-115.CAI Yueliang. Air accumulation Control and Engineering Application on Slope Siphon Drainage[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2017: 110-115. (in Chinese)
[15] 熊晓亮, 孙红月, 张世华, 等. 高扬程虹吸保障条件分析与合理管径选择数值模拟[J]. 吉林大学学报(地), 2014, 44(5): 1595-1601.XIONG Xiaoliang, SUN Hongyue, ZHANG Shihua, et al. Analysis of condition of ensuring high-lift siphon drainage and numerical simulation of choice of optimum diameter[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2014, 44(5): 1595-1601. (in Chinese)
[16] 潘攀. 黑方台滑坡机理及防治对策研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学建筑工程学院, 2017: 66-70.PAN Pan. Study on Mechanism and Treatment of Landslide in Heifangtai[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2017: 66-70. (in Chinese)
[17] 刘大有, 王光谦, 李洪州. 泥沙运动的受力分析——关于碰撞力的讨论[J]. 泥沙研究, 1993(2): 41-47.LIU Dayou, WANG Guangqian, LI Hongzhou. Force analyses of sediment transport——a discussion on the “collision force”[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 1993(2): 41-47. (in Chinese)
[18] 孙志林, 谢鉴衡, 段文忠, 等. 非均匀沙分级起动规律研究[J]. 水利学报, 1997(10): 26-33.SUN Zhilin, XIE Jianheng, DUAN Wenzhong, et al. Incipient motion of individual fractions of nonuniform sediment[J]. Journal of hydraulic engineering, 1997(10): 26-33. (in Chinese)
[19] 张文君. 泥石流虹吸排水分流池的自清淤能力研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学建筑工程学院, 2016: 2159-2164.ZHANG Wenjun. Analysis on Self-dredging Capability of Siphon Drainage Pool in Debris Flow[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2016(11): 2159-2164. (in Chinese)
[20] 王延贵, 胡春宏, 朱毕生. 模型沙起动流速公式的研究[J]. 水利学报, 2007, 38(5): 518-522.WANG Yangui, HU Chunhong, ZHU Bisheng. Study on formula of incipient velocity of sediment in model test[J]. Journal of hydraulic engineering, 2007, 38(5): 518-522. (in Chinese)
[21] 张瑞瑾. 河流泥沙动力学[M]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2002: 8-72.ZHANG Ruijin. River Sediment Dynamics[M]. Beijing: China Water & Power Press, 2002: 8-72. (in Chinese)
[22] 周双, 张根广, 邢茹, 等. 床面均匀沙拖曳力及上举力系数的确定[J]. 泥沙研究, 2016(2): 1-6.ZHOU Shuang, ZHANG Genguang, XING Ru, et al. Determination of drag and lift coefficients of uniform sediment on the bed surface[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2016(2): 1-6. (in Chinese)
[23] 孙红月, 尚岳全, 蔡岳良. 斜坡虹吸排水理论与实践[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2016: 111-118.SUN Hongyue, SHANG Yuequan, CAI Yueliang. Theory and Practice of Slope Siphon Drainage[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2016: 111-118. (in Chinese)
[24] 毛根海, 邵卫云, 张燕. 应用流体力学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006: 150-155.MAO Genhai, SHAO Weiyun, ZHANG Yan. Application Fluid Mechanics[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006: 150-155. (in Chinese)