灵丘县土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响
|
摘要
为评价灵丘县土地利用变化对区域生态系统服务价值的影响,采用当量因子法分析2010—2016年该县土地利用及其生态价值的时空变化。结果表明:1)灵丘县土地利用变化幅度较小,总面积不变的情况下,建设用地增加163.91 hm~2,增加最多;草地减少137.92 hm~2,减少量最大; 2)灵丘县生态系统服务价值达30亿元以上,7年间生态价值总体有稍微下降趋势,共减少667.02万元,水域生态价值减少幅度最大,减少384.24万元;3)耕地、建设用地和其他用地与生态系统服务价值呈负相关,水域、林地、园地、草地及未利用地呈正相关。总体上,灵丘县土地利用未对生态环境造成明显破坏,但也不能忽视在经济发展过程中人类的生活方式对环境造成的影响,应该进一步控制建设用地面积增长,保护生态用地,积极探索基于生态保护的生态资产运营模式和机制,实现社会-经济-生态效益可持续发展。
To evaluate the effect of land use changes on the value of ecosystem services(ESV) in Lingqiu County,Shanxi Province,this study analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of land use and ESV from 2010 to 2016 using the method of evaluating the value equivalent factor in unit area.The results showed that:1) Land use change in Lingqiu County was small.The area of construction land and grassland changed a lot compared with other land use forms,which increased by 163.91 hm~2and decreased by 137.92 hm~2,respectively.2) The total ESV of Lingqiu County was more than 3 billion yuan at present,though it declined slightly over the past 7 years,which was reduced by 6.67 million yuan and mainly caused by the reducing of water ecological value;3) ESV was positively related to waters,forest,garden plot,grassland,unutilized land and negatively related to crop land,construction land and other land.In general,land use in Lingqiu County did not cause significant damage to the ecological environment.However,the environmental impact could not be ignored because of the human activities.In conclusion,it is necessary to further optimize the growth of construction land,protect ecological land and actively explore the ecological asset operation models and mechanisms based on the ecological protection,and finally achieve the society-economy-ecology's sustainable development.
To evaluate the effect of land use changes on the value of ecosystem services(ESV) in Lingqiu County,Shanxi Province,this study analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of land use and ESV from 2010 to 2016 using the method of evaluating the value equivalent factor in unit area.The results showed that:1) Land use change in Lingqiu County was small.The area of construction land and grassland changed a lot compared with other land use forms,which increased by 163.91 hm~2and decreased by 137.92 hm~2,respectively.2) The total ESV of Lingqiu County was more than 3 billion yuan at present,though it declined slightly over the past 7 years,which was reduced by 6.67 million yuan and mainly caused by the reducing of water ecological value;3) ESV was positively related to waters,forest,garden plot,grassland,unutilized land and negatively related to crop land,construction land and other land.In general,land use in Lingqiu County did not cause significant damage to the ecological environment.However,the environmental impact could not be ignored because of the human activities.In conclusion,it is necessary to further optimize the growth of construction land,protect ecological land and actively explore the ecological asset operation models and mechanisms based on the ecological protection,and finally achieve the society-economy-ecology's sustainable development.
引文
[1] Liu Y G,Zeng X X,Xu L,Tian D L,Zeng G M,Hu X J,Tang Y F.Impacts of land-use change on ecosystem service value in Changsha,China[J].Central South University of Technology,2011,18(2):420-428
[2] Daily G C.The value of nature and the nature of value[J].Science,2000,289(5478):395-396
[3] Vemuri A W,Costanza R.The role of human,social,built,and natural capital in explaining life satisfaction at the country level:Toward a national well-being index (NWI)[J].Ecological Economics,2006,58(1):119-133
[4] Hughes J B,Daily G C,Ehrlich P R.Population diversity:Its extent and extinction[J].Science,1997,278 (5338):689-692
[5] Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.Ecosystems and Human Well-being:A Framework for Assessment[M].Washington:Island Press,2003
[6] Van Jaarsveld A S,Biggs R,Scholes R J,Bohensky E,Reyers B,Lynam T,Musvoto C,Fabricius C.Measuring conditions and trends in ecosystem services at multiple scales:The Southern African Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (SAfMA) experience[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2005,360(1454):425-441
[7] Montserrat V,Corina B,Petr P,Melanie J,Piero G,Stephan G,Wolfgang N,Sergej O,Alain R,David R,Philip E H,DAISIE partners.How well do we understand the impacts of alien species on ecosystem services a pan-european,cross-taxa assessment[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2010,8(3):135-144
[8] Cullen-Unsworth L C,Nordlund L M,Paddock J,Baker S,McKenzie L J,Unsworth R K.Seagrass meadows globally as a coupled social-ecological system:Implications for human well-being[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,83(2):387-397
[9] 王金南,苏洁琼,万军.“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理论内涵及其实现机制创新[J].环境保护,2017,45(11):13-17Wang J N,Su J Q,Wan J.An analysis of the theory of “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” and its innovation development mechanism[J].Environmental Protection,2017,45(11):13-17 (in Chinese)
[10] 张丽荣,王夏晖,侯一蕾,李翠华.我国生物多样性保护与减贫协同发展模式探索[J].生物多样性,2015,23(2):271-277Zhang L R,Wang X H,Hou Y L,Li C H.Synergies between biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction in China[J].Biodiversity Science,2015,23(2):271-277 (in Chinese)
[11] Mitchell M G,Suarez-Castro A F,Martinez-Harms M,Maron M,McAlpine C,Gaston K J,Johansen K,Rhodes J R.Reframing landscape fragmentation’s effects on ecosystem services[J].Trends in Ecology & Evolution,2015,4(30):189-198
[12] Estoque R C,Murayama Y.Examining the potential impact of land use/cover changes on the ecosystem services of Baguio City,the Philippines:A scenario-based analysis[J].Applied Geography,2012,35(1/2):316-326
[13] 黄云凤,崔胜辉,石龙宇.半城市化地区生态系统服务对土地利用/覆被变化的响应:以厦门市集美区为例[J].地理科学进展,2012(5):551-560Huang Y F,Cui S H,Shi L Y.Response of ecosystem services to land use/cover change in semi-urban areas:A case study of Jimei District,Xiamen City[J].Progress in Geography,2012(5):551-560 (in Chinese)
[14] 李屹峰,罗跃初,刘纲,欧阳志云,郑华.土地利用变化对生态系统服务功能的影响:以密云水库流域为例[J].生态学报,2013(3):726-736Li Y F,Luo Y C,Liu G,Ouyang Z Y,Zheng H.Effects of land use change on ecosystem services:A case study in Miyun reservoir watershed[J].Acta Ecologic Sinaca,2013(3):726-736 (in Chinese)
[15] 中国农村统计年鉴.2017中国农村统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017China Rural Statistical Yearbook.2017 China Rural Statistical Yearbook[M].Beijing:China Statistical Press,2017 (in Chinese)
[16] 李锋,叶亚平,宋博文,王如松.城市生态用地的空间结构及其生态系统服务动态演变:以常州市为例[J].生态学报,2011(19):5623-5631Li F,Ye Y P,Song B W,Wang R S.Spatial structure of urban ecological land and its dynamic development of ecosystem services:A case study in Changzhou City,China[J].Acta Ecologic Sinaca,2011(19):5623-5631 (in Chinese)
[17] 谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,郑度,李双成.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196Xie G D,Lu C X,Leng Y F,Zheng D,Li S C.Evaluation of the ecological assets of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2003,18(2):189-196 (in Chinese)
[18] 谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,肖玉,陈操.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919Xie G D,Zhen L,Lu C X,Xiao Y,Chen C.A Method of ecosystem service value based on expert knowledge[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(5):911-919 (in Chinese)
[19] 魏慧,赵文武,张骁,王新志.基于土地利用变化的区域生态系统服务价值评价:以山东省德州市为例[J].生态学报,2017,37(11):3830-3839Wei H,Zhao W W,Zhang X,Wang X Z.Regional ecosystem service value evaluation based on land use changes:A case study in Dezhou Shandong Provience,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(11):3830-3839 (in Chinese)
[20] 李双成,郑度,张镱锂.环境与生态系统资本价值评估的区域范式[J].地理科学,2002,22(3):270-275Li S C,Zheng D,Zhang Y L.Regional evaluating paradigm for ecological services of environment and ecosystems[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2002,22(3):270-275 (in Chinese)
[21] 李晓赛,朱永明,赵丽,田京京,李静.基于价值系数动态调整的青龙县生态系统服务价值变化研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(3):373-381Li X S,Zhu Y M,Zhao L,Tian J J,Li J.Ecosystem services value change in Qinglong County from dynamically adjusted value coefficients[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(3):373-381 (in Chinese)
[22] 周广胜,张新时.全球气候变化的中国自然植被的净第一性生产力研究[J].植物生态学报,1996,20(1):11-19Zhou G S,Zhang X S.Study onnpp of natural vegetation in China under global climate change[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,1996,20(1):11-19 (in Chinese)
[23] 方精云,柯金虎,唐志尧,陈安平.生物生产力的“4P”概念:估算及其相互关系[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(4):414-419Fang J Y,Ke J H,Tang Z Y,Chen A P.Implications and estimations of four terrestrial productivity parameters[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2001,25(4):414-419 (in Chinese)
[24] 赵敏,周广胜.中国森林生态系统的植物碳贮量及其影响因子分析[J].地理科学,2004,24(1):50-54Zhao M,Zhou G S.Carbon storage of forest vegetation and its relationship with climatic factors[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2004,24(1):50-54 (in Chinese)
[25] 张美玲,蒋文兰,陈全功,柳小妮.基于CSCS改进CASA模型的中国草地净初级生产力模拟[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(4):1150-1160Zhang M L,Jiang W L,Chen Q G,Liu X N.Estimation of grassland net primary production in China with improved CASA model based on the CSCS[J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(4):1150-1160 (in Chinese)
[26] 徐立.土地利用变化对长沙市生态系统服务价值的影响研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2009Xu L.Effects of land use change on ecosystem services value in Changsha City,China[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2009 (in Chinese)
[27] 孙慧兰,李卫红,陈亚鹏,徐长春.新疆伊犁河流域生态服务价值对土地利用变化的响应[J].生态学报,2010,30(4):887-894Sun H L,Li W H,Chen Y P,Xu C C.Response of ecological services value to land use change in the Ili River Basin,Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(4):887-894 (in Chinese)
[28] 石雪洁,郝晋珉,管青春,李牧,王楠,车澳.河北省曲周县景观格局演变及生态服务价值响应研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(10):147-158Shi X J,Hao J M,Guan Q C,Li M,Wang N,Che A.Response of ecosystem service values to the landscape patterns change in Quzhou County,Hebei Province[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(10):147-158 (in Chinese)
[29] 黄莹,韦燕飞,李莹,童新华.贫困与土地利用变化时空耦合关系分析:以田阳县为例[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(27):203-207,258Huang Y,Wei Y F,Li Y,Tong X H.Analysis of time-space-coupling relationship between poverty and land use change:A case study of Tianyang County[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(27):203-207,258 (in Chinese)
[30] 谢盛瀚,韦燕飞,韩振锋,童新华.田阳县贫困村空间分异及其对土地利用程度的响应[J].湖南农业科学,2017(9):53-58Xie S H,Wei Y F,Han Z F,Tong X H.Spatial differentiation of poverty villages and its response to land use in Tianyang[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2017(9):53-58 (in Chinese)
[31] 中共中央国务院关于全面加强生态环境保护,坚决打好污染防治攻坚战的意见[EB/OL].(2018-06-16).http://www.cssn.cn/jjx/jjx_gdxw/201806/t20180629_4490888.shtmlThe CPC Central Committee and the State Council’s opinions on comprehensively strengthening ecological environment protection and resolutely fighting pollution prevention and control[EB/OL].(2018-06-16).http://www.cssn.cn/jjx/jjx_gdxw/201806/t20180629_4490888.shtml
[32] 熊善高,万军,余向勇,邓斌,郑巍伟.国家重点生态功能区环境保护与扶贫协同推进路径探讨:以国家级贫困县秭归县为例[J].环境与可持续发展,2016,41(03):9-12Xiong S G,Wan J,Yu X Y,Deng B,Zheng W W.Research on the Route of advancing environmental protection and poverty alleviation cooperatively in the national key ecological function areas:A case study of Zigui,the national poverty county[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2016,41(3):9-12 (in Chinese)
[33] 张强.山西省灵丘县村级有机农业扶贫实践[EB/OL].(2018-05-25).http://f.china.com.cn/2018-05/25/content_51521935.htm Zhang Q.Village-level Organic Agriculture Poverty Alleviation Practice in Lingqiu County,Shanxi Province[EB/OL].(2018-05-25).http://f.China.com.cn/2018-05/25/content_51521935.htm
① 《脱贫攻坚统计资料汇编》,灵丘县统计局,2017-06。
② 《灵丘统计提要》,灵丘县统计局,2017-06。
[2] Daily G C.The value of nature and the nature of value[J].Science,2000,289(5478):395-396
[3] Vemuri A W,Costanza R.The role of human,social,built,and natural capital in explaining life satisfaction at the country level:Toward a national well-being index (NWI)[J].Ecological Economics,2006,58(1):119-133
[4] Hughes J B,Daily G C,Ehrlich P R.Population diversity:Its extent and extinction[J].Science,1997,278 (5338):689-692
[5] Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.Ecosystems and Human Well-being:A Framework for Assessment[M].Washington:Island Press,2003
[6] Van Jaarsveld A S,Biggs R,Scholes R J,Bohensky E,Reyers B,Lynam T,Musvoto C,Fabricius C.Measuring conditions and trends in ecosystem services at multiple scales:The Southern African Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (SAfMA) experience[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2005,360(1454):425-441
[7] Montserrat V,Corina B,Petr P,Melanie J,Piero G,Stephan G,Wolfgang N,Sergej O,Alain R,David R,Philip E H,DAISIE partners.How well do we understand the impacts of alien species on ecosystem services a pan-european,cross-taxa assessment[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2010,8(3):135-144
[8] Cullen-Unsworth L C,Nordlund L M,Paddock J,Baker S,McKenzie L J,Unsworth R K.Seagrass meadows globally as a coupled social-ecological system:Implications for human well-being[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,83(2):387-397
[9] 王金南,苏洁琼,万军.“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理论内涵及其实现机制创新[J].环境保护,2017,45(11):13-17Wang J N,Su J Q,Wan J.An analysis of the theory of “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” and its innovation development mechanism[J].Environmental Protection,2017,45(11):13-17 (in Chinese)
[10] 张丽荣,王夏晖,侯一蕾,李翠华.我国生物多样性保护与减贫协同发展模式探索[J].生物多样性,2015,23(2):271-277Zhang L R,Wang X H,Hou Y L,Li C H.Synergies between biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction in China[J].Biodiversity Science,2015,23(2):271-277 (in Chinese)
[11] Mitchell M G,Suarez-Castro A F,Martinez-Harms M,Maron M,McAlpine C,Gaston K J,Johansen K,Rhodes J R.Reframing landscape fragmentation’s effects on ecosystem services[J].Trends in Ecology & Evolution,2015,4(30):189-198
[12] Estoque R C,Murayama Y.Examining the potential impact of land use/cover changes on the ecosystem services of Baguio City,the Philippines:A scenario-based analysis[J].Applied Geography,2012,35(1/2):316-326
[13] 黄云凤,崔胜辉,石龙宇.半城市化地区生态系统服务对土地利用/覆被变化的响应:以厦门市集美区为例[J].地理科学进展,2012(5):551-560Huang Y F,Cui S H,Shi L Y.Response of ecosystem services to land use/cover change in semi-urban areas:A case study of Jimei District,Xiamen City[J].Progress in Geography,2012(5):551-560 (in Chinese)
[14] 李屹峰,罗跃初,刘纲,欧阳志云,郑华.土地利用变化对生态系统服务功能的影响:以密云水库流域为例[J].生态学报,2013(3):726-736Li Y F,Luo Y C,Liu G,Ouyang Z Y,Zheng H.Effects of land use change on ecosystem services:A case study in Miyun reservoir watershed[J].Acta Ecologic Sinaca,2013(3):726-736 (in Chinese)
[15] 中国农村统计年鉴.2017中国农村统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017China Rural Statistical Yearbook.2017 China Rural Statistical Yearbook[M].Beijing:China Statistical Press,2017 (in Chinese)
[16] 李锋,叶亚平,宋博文,王如松.城市生态用地的空间结构及其生态系统服务动态演变:以常州市为例[J].生态学报,2011(19):5623-5631Li F,Ye Y P,Song B W,Wang R S.Spatial structure of urban ecological land and its dynamic development of ecosystem services:A case study in Changzhou City,China[J].Acta Ecologic Sinaca,2011(19):5623-5631 (in Chinese)
[17] 谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,郑度,李双成.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196Xie G D,Lu C X,Leng Y F,Zheng D,Li S C.Evaluation of the ecological assets of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2003,18(2):189-196 (in Chinese)
[18] 谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,肖玉,陈操.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919Xie G D,Zhen L,Lu C X,Xiao Y,Chen C.A Method of ecosystem service value based on expert knowledge[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(5):911-919 (in Chinese)
[19] 魏慧,赵文武,张骁,王新志.基于土地利用变化的区域生态系统服务价值评价:以山东省德州市为例[J].生态学报,2017,37(11):3830-3839Wei H,Zhao W W,Zhang X,Wang X Z.Regional ecosystem service value evaluation based on land use changes:A case study in Dezhou Shandong Provience,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(11):3830-3839 (in Chinese)
[20] 李双成,郑度,张镱锂.环境与生态系统资本价值评估的区域范式[J].地理科学,2002,22(3):270-275Li S C,Zheng D,Zhang Y L.Regional evaluating paradigm for ecological services of environment and ecosystems[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2002,22(3):270-275 (in Chinese)
[21] 李晓赛,朱永明,赵丽,田京京,李静.基于价值系数动态调整的青龙县生态系统服务价值变化研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(3):373-381Li X S,Zhu Y M,Zhao L,Tian J J,Li J.Ecosystem services value change in Qinglong County from dynamically adjusted value coefficients[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(3):373-381 (in Chinese)
[22] 周广胜,张新时.全球气候变化的中国自然植被的净第一性生产力研究[J].植物生态学报,1996,20(1):11-19Zhou G S,Zhang X S.Study onnpp of natural vegetation in China under global climate change[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,1996,20(1):11-19 (in Chinese)
[23] 方精云,柯金虎,唐志尧,陈安平.生物生产力的“4P”概念:估算及其相互关系[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(4):414-419Fang J Y,Ke J H,Tang Z Y,Chen A P.Implications and estimations of four terrestrial productivity parameters[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2001,25(4):414-419 (in Chinese)
[24] 赵敏,周广胜.中国森林生态系统的植物碳贮量及其影响因子分析[J].地理科学,2004,24(1):50-54Zhao M,Zhou G S.Carbon storage of forest vegetation and its relationship with climatic factors[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2004,24(1):50-54 (in Chinese)
[25] 张美玲,蒋文兰,陈全功,柳小妮.基于CSCS改进CASA模型的中国草地净初级生产力模拟[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(4):1150-1160Zhang M L,Jiang W L,Chen Q G,Liu X N.Estimation of grassland net primary production in China with improved CASA model based on the CSCS[J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(4):1150-1160 (in Chinese)
[26] 徐立.土地利用变化对长沙市生态系统服务价值的影响研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2009Xu L.Effects of land use change on ecosystem services value in Changsha City,China[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2009 (in Chinese)
[27] 孙慧兰,李卫红,陈亚鹏,徐长春.新疆伊犁河流域生态服务价值对土地利用变化的响应[J].生态学报,2010,30(4):887-894Sun H L,Li W H,Chen Y P,Xu C C.Response of ecological services value to land use change in the Ili River Basin,Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(4):887-894 (in Chinese)
[28] 石雪洁,郝晋珉,管青春,李牧,王楠,车澳.河北省曲周县景观格局演变及生态服务价值响应研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(10):147-158Shi X J,Hao J M,Guan Q C,Li M,Wang N,Che A.Response of ecosystem service values to the landscape patterns change in Quzhou County,Hebei Province[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(10):147-158 (in Chinese)
[29] 黄莹,韦燕飞,李莹,童新华.贫困与土地利用变化时空耦合关系分析:以田阳县为例[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(27):203-207,258Huang Y,Wei Y F,Li Y,Tong X H.Analysis of time-space-coupling relationship between poverty and land use change:A case study of Tianyang County[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(27):203-207,258 (in Chinese)
[30] 谢盛瀚,韦燕飞,韩振锋,童新华.田阳县贫困村空间分异及其对土地利用程度的响应[J].湖南农业科学,2017(9):53-58Xie S H,Wei Y F,Han Z F,Tong X H.Spatial differentiation of poverty villages and its response to land use in Tianyang[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2017(9):53-58 (in Chinese)
[31] 中共中央国务院关于全面加强生态环境保护,坚决打好污染防治攻坚战的意见[EB/OL].(2018-06-16).http://www.cssn.cn/jjx/jjx_gdxw/201806/t20180629_4490888.shtmlThe CPC Central Committee and the State Council’s opinions on comprehensively strengthening ecological environment protection and resolutely fighting pollution prevention and control[EB/OL].(2018-06-16).http://www.cssn.cn/jjx/jjx_gdxw/201806/t20180629_4490888.shtml
[32] 熊善高,万军,余向勇,邓斌,郑巍伟.国家重点生态功能区环境保护与扶贫协同推进路径探讨:以国家级贫困县秭归县为例[J].环境与可持续发展,2016,41(03):9-12Xiong S G,Wan J,Yu X Y,Deng B,Zheng W W.Research on the Route of advancing environmental protection and poverty alleviation cooperatively in the national key ecological function areas:A case study of Zigui,the national poverty county[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2016,41(3):9-12 (in Chinese)
[33] 张强.山西省灵丘县村级有机农业扶贫实践[EB/OL].(2018-05-25).http://f.china.com.cn/2018-05/25/content_51521935.htm Zhang Q.Village-level Organic Agriculture Poverty Alleviation Practice in Lingqiu County,Shanxi Province[EB/OL].(2018-05-25).http://f.China.com.cn/2018-05/25/content_51521935.htm
① 《脱贫攻坚统计资料汇编》,灵丘县统计局,2017-06。
② 《灵丘统计提要》,灵丘县统计局,2017-06。