基于本体论的海洋流场语义分析与表达研究
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摘要
随着海洋观测技术的不断发展,人类获取的海洋数据也快速增长,由于海洋流场是整个海洋系统物质流和能量流输送的主要渠道,基于这些观测数据进行海洋流场迁移变化规律分析及可视化表达研究,对所有涉海领域均具有非常重要的意义。然而,由于海洋时空大数据集合的多源性和异构性等原因,至今尚未有令人满意的海洋流场数据集成共享和动态可视化分析工具,从而导致这些异源异构数据难以实现统一标准下的集成组织与语义共享。为了实现海洋流场语义层次上的统一描述,本文在分析了海洋流场多维特征、拓扑特征、模糊特征等基础上,基于本体论的语义构建思想,提出并构建了基于四元组O=(C,P,R,I)的本体组织基础结构,其中C表示概念集合、P表示属性集合、R表示概念间的关系集合、I表示实例集合,通过对概念、属性、关系结构的进一步定义,共同组合构成了海洋流场整体本体结构。为了给出清晰的本体语义建模过程,以海流现象局部本体构建为例,在对成因性、空间性、时间性、运动性等本体属性分析的基础上,进行了海流概念、本体属性、语义关系的描述和定义,从而为海洋流场组织提供一个规范性框架。进而借助OWL语言本体建模的优势,以地转流为例进行了其形式化表达和本体类构建。研究结果表明,基于本体的海洋流场语义分析方法能有效地解决传统海洋现象描述中的异构问题,可为海洋信息共享与集成研究提供参考。
With the development of ocean monitoring technologies, the people are getting more and more ocean data. Because the ocean flow is the main channel for material and energy transportation in the whole ocean system, it is of great significance for all sea related fields to analyze the migration law and visualize the change of the ocean flow field based on these ocean data. However, due to the characteristics of multi-sources and heterogeneity of these ocean space-time large datasets, there are still no satisfactory models and tools for spatiotemporal data analysis and dynamic visualization of ocean flow field. It is also very hard to organize and share these heterogeneous data at an unified standard. For this reason, in order to realize the unified description of ocean flow field at semantic levels, based on the analysis of multi-dimensional, topological and indefinite characteristics of the ocean flow, and based on the idea of ontological semantic analysis, this paper proposed and constructed an ontology organization infrastructure which was composed of four tuples, O=(C,P,R,I), in which C is the collection of concepts, P is the collection of attributes, R is the collection of relationships between concepts, and I is the collection of instances. By combining the definitions of concepts, attributes, and relational structures, the paper constructed the whole ontology structure of ocean flow field. In order to give a clear ontology semantic modeling procedure, the paper took the local ontology construction of ocean current phenomena as an example, gave the definition of concepts, ontology attributes and semantic relationships of ocean flow filed based on the analysis of ontological attributes such as causes, spatiality, temporality, and mobility, providing a specification framework for the organization of ocean flow data. Taking the geostrophic current as the example, with the advantage of Web Ontology Language(OWL) on modeling and constructing ontology, the paper gave the formal expression and constructed the related ontology classes of the geostrophic current. The research showed that the ontology based ocean flow field semantic analysis method could effectively solve the heterogeneous issues in the traditional marine phenomenon description, and could provide certain references for the study of marine information sharing and integration.
With the development of ocean monitoring technologies, the people are getting more and more ocean data. Because the ocean flow is the main channel for material and energy transportation in the whole ocean system, it is of great significance for all sea related fields to analyze the migration law and visualize the change of the ocean flow field based on these ocean data. However, due to the characteristics of multi-sources and heterogeneity of these ocean space-time large datasets, there are still no satisfactory models and tools for spatiotemporal data analysis and dynamic visualization of ocean flow field. It is also very hard to organize and share these heterogeneous data at an unified standard. For this reason, in order to realize the unified description of ocean flow field at semantic levels, based on the analysis of multi-dimensional, topological and indefinite characteristics of the ocean flow, and based on the idea of ontological semantic analysis, this paper proposed and constructed an ontology organization infrastructure which was composed of four tuples, O=(C,P,R,I), in which C is the collection of concepts, P is the collection of attributes, R is the collection of relationships between concepts, and I is the collection of instances. By combining the definitions of concepts, attributes, and relational structures, the paper constructed the whole ontology structure of ocean flow field. In order to give a clear ontology semantic modeling procedure, the paper took the local ontology construction of ocean current phenomena as an example, gave the definition of concepts, ontology attributes and semantic relationships of ocean flow filed based on the analysis of ontological attributes such as causes, spatiality, temporality, and mobility, providing a specification framework for the organization of ocean flow data. Taking the geostrophic current as the example, with the advantage of Web Ontology Language(OWL) on modeling and constructing ontology, the paper gave the formal expression and constructed the related ontology classes of the geostrophic current. The research showed that the ontology based ocean flow field semantic analysis method could effectively solve the heterogeneous issues in the traditional marine phenomenon description, and could provide certain references for the study of marine information sharing and integration.
引文
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[10]张宇,苏奋振,王琦,等.岛礁本体构建及其在空间数据组织中的应用[J].地理与地理信息科学,2017,33(3):52-58.[Zhang Y, Su F Z, Wang Q, et al. Island Ontology construction and its application in spatial data organization[J].Geography and Geo-information Science, 2017,33(3):52-58.]
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[12]王磊.基于OWL-P的海洋生态本体构建[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.[Wang L. Marine ecological ontology construction based on OWL-p[D]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China, 2012.]
[13]云红艳,徐建良,郭振波,等.海洋生态本体建模[J].计算机应用,2014,34(4):1105-1108.[Yun H Y, Xu J L,Guo Z B,et al. Modeling of marine ecology ontology[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2014,34(4):1105-1108.]
[14] Jia H P, Xiong J, Xu J L, Wang J P. Research and application of role theory in ocean carbon cycle ontology construction[J]. Journal of Ocean University of China, 2014,13(6):979-984.
[15]李霖,朱海红,王红,等.基于形式本体的基础地理信息语义分析——以陆地水系要素类为例[J].测绘学报,2008,37(2):230-235,242.[Li L, Zhu H H, Wang H, et al. Semantic analysis of the fundamental geographic information based on formal Ontology:Exemplifying hydrological category[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2008,37(2):230-235,242.].
[16]刘金芳,毛可修,闫明,等.吕宋冷涡时空特征概况[J].海洋预报,2006,23(2):39-44.[Liu J F, Mao K X, Yan M, et al.The General distribution characteristics of thermocline of China sea[J]. Marine Forecasts, 2006,23(2):39-44.]
[17]孙剑,侯立培,谢巨伦.吕宋海峡黑潮季节变化初步分析[J].海洋预报,2006,23(b09):60-63.[Sun J, Hou L P, Xie J L. Preliminary analysis of seasonal changes of Kuroshio in Luzon Strait[J]. Marine Forecasts, 2006,23(b09):60-63.]
[18]谢炯.无缝时空的多域集成时空数据模型研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.[Xie J. Study on seamless temporal-space oriented multi-domain integrated spatio-temporal data model[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2005.]
[19]薛存金,董庆.海洋时空过程数据模型及其原型系统构建研究[J].海洋通报,2012,31(6):667-674.[Xue C J, Dong Q. Research on the marine spatio-temporal process data model and its prototype system construction[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2012,31(6):667-674.]
[20]王功辉,黄奇,秦超,等.本体构建中的语义分析方法研究[J].图书情报工作,2013,57(7):106-111.[Wang G H,Huang Q, Qin C, et al. Research on semantic snalysis method of Ontology construction[J]. Library and Information Service, 2013,57(7):106-111.]
[21]崔巍.用本体实现地理信息系统语义集成和互操作[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.[Cui W. Using Ontology to achieve the Semantic integration and interoperation of the geography information system[D]. Wuhan:Wuhan University,2004.]
[22]景东升.基于本体的地理空间信息语义表达和服务研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2005.[Jing D S. A research on geo-spatial information semantic expression and service based on ontology[D]. Beijing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2005.]
[23]谭永滨,朱海红,李霖,等.数字城市框架下地理信息服务语义分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2012,28(2):5-8,19.[Tan Y B, Zhu H H, Li L, et al. Semantic analysis of geographic information service under the digital city[J]. Geography and Geo-information Science, 2012,28(2):5-8,19.]
[24]易茹兰.基于地理本体的地理信息语义表达与查询方法研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2009.[Yi R L. Research on methods of semantic representation and query of geographic information via geo-ontology[D]. Changsha:Central South University, 2009.]
[25]黄茂军.地理本体的形式化表达机制及其在地图服务中的应用研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2005.[Huang M J. Study on formal representation of geographic ontology and its application in map services[D]. Wuhan:Wuhan University, 2005.]
[26]李德仁,王泉.基于时空模糊本体的交通领域知识建模[J].武汉大学学报·信息科版,2009,34(6):631-635.[Li D R, Wang, Q. Transportation knowledge modeling based on spatio-temporal fuzzy ontology[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2009,34(6):631-635.]
[27] Guarino N. Formal Ontology and Information Systems[J].Proceedings of Fois, 2012,22(5):3-15.
[28]吴超,任福,杜清运,等.基于形式本体的POI数据分类方法[J].地理与地理信息科学,2014,30(6):13-16.[Wu C,Ren F, Du D Y, et al. Classification method of POI data based on formal ontology theory[J]. Geography and Geoinformation Science, 2014,30(6):13-16.]
[2]邵全琴.海洋GIS时空数据表达研究[D].北京:中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,200l.[Shao Q Q. Research on spatial-temporal data expression of marine GIS[D].Beijing:Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, 2001.]
[3] Bermudez L, Graybeal J, Arko R, A marine platforms ontology:Experiences and lessons[C]. Proceedings of the ISWC 2006 Workshop on Semantic Sensor Networks,2006 Athens, GA, USA. Aachen, Germany.
[4]杜云艳,苏奋振,杨晓梅,等.中国海岸带及近海科学数据平台研究与开发[J].海洋学报(中文版),2004,26(6):29-36.[Du Y Y, Su F Z, Yang X M, et al. A study and development on the scientific data platform of China coast and offshore[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2004,26(6):29-36.]
[5]杨晓梅,周成虎,骆剑承,等.我国海岸带及近海卫星遥感应用信息系统构建和运行的基础研究[J].海洋学报(中文版),2002,24(5):36-45.[Yang X M, Zhou C H, Luo J C,et al. Construction and implementation of RS integrated application information system of China's coastal zone and offshore[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2002,24(5):36-45.]
[6]薛存金,苏奋振,杜云艳.海洋地理信息系统集成技术分析[J].海洋学报(中文版),2008,30(4):56-62.[Xue C J, Su F Z, Du Y Y. Analysis of integration technology based on marine geographical information system[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2008,30(4):56-62.]
[7]何广顺,李四海.构建“数字海洋”空间信息数据库[J].海洋信息,2004(1):1-4.[He G S, Li S H. Building the spatial information database of"Digital Ocean"[J]. Marine Information, 2004(1):1-4.]
[8]杜云艳,张丹丹,苏奋振,等.基于地理本体的海湾空间数据组织方法-以辽东湾为例[J].地球信息科学,2008,10(1):7-13.[Du Y Y, Zhang D D, Su F Z, et al. Geospatial data organization of the bay based on the Geo_ontologyA case study o f the Liaodong Bay[J]. Geo-information Science, 2008,10(1):7-13.]
[9]张峰.基于本体的海洋数据集成方法研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.[Zhang F. Ontology-based research on marine data integration methods[D]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China, 2008.]
[10]张宇,苏奋振,王琦,等.岛礁本体构建及其在空间数据组织中的应用[J].地理与地理信息科学,2017,33(3):52-58.[Zhang Y, Su F Z, Wang Q, et al. Island Ontology construction and its application in spatial data organization[J].Geography and Geo-information Science, 2017,33(3):52-58.]
[11]熊晶.海洋生态本体的建模方法研究及应用[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.[Xiong J. Research and application of marine ecology ontology modeling[D]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China, 2010.]
[12]王磊.基于OWL-P的海洋生态本体构建[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.[Wang L. Marine ecological ontology construction based on OWL-p[D]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China, 2012.]
[13]云红艳,徐建良,郭振波,等.海洋生态本体建模[J].计算机应用,2014,34(4):1105-1108.[Yun H Y, Xu J L,Guo Z B,et al. Modeling of marine ecology ontology[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2014,34(4):1105-1108.]
[14] Jia H P, Xiong J, Xu J L, Wang J P. Research and application of role theory in ocean carbon cycle ontology construction[J]. Journal of Ocean University of China, 2014,13(6):979-984.
[15]李霖,朱海红,王红,等.基于形式本体的基础地理信息语义分析——以陆地水系要素类为例[J].测绘学报,2008,37(2):230-235,242.[Li L, Zhu H H, Wang H, et al. Semantic analysis of the fundamental geographic information based on formal Ontology:Exemplifying hydrological category[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2008,37(2):230-235,242.].
[16]刘金芳,毛可修,闫明,等.吕宋冷涡时空特征概况[J].海洋预报,2006,23(2):39-44.[Liu J F, Mao K X, Yan M, et al.The General distribution characteristics of thermocline of China sea[J]. Marine Forecasts, 2006,23(2):39-44.]
[17]孙剑,侯立培,谢巨伦.吕宋海峡黑潮季节变化初步分析[J].海洋预报,2006,23(b09):60-63.[Sun J, Hou L P, Xie J L. Preliminary analysis of seasonal changes of Kuroshio in Luzon Strait[J]. Marine Forecasts, 2006,23(b09):60-63.]
[18]谢炯.无缝时空的多域集成时空数据模型研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.[Xie J. Study on seamless temporal-space oriented multi-domain integrated spatio-temporal data model[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2005.]
[19]薛存金,董庆.海洋时空过程数据模型及其原型系统构建研究[J].海洋通报,2012,31(6):667-674.[Xue C J, Dong Q. Research on the marine spatio-temporal process data model and its prototype system construction[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2012,31(6):667-674.]
[20]王功辉,黄奇,秦超,等.本体构建中的语义分析方法研究[J].图书情报工作,2013,57(7):106-111.[Wang G H,Huang Q, Qin C, et al. Research on semantic snalysis method of Ontology construction[J]. Library and Information Service, 2013,57(7):106-111.]
[21]崔巍.用本体实现地理信息系统语义集成和互操作[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.[Cui W. Using Ontology to achieve the Semantic integration and interoperation of the geography information system[D]. Wuhan:Wuhan University,2004.]
[22]景东升.基于本体的地理空间信息语义表达和服务研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2005.[Jing D S. A research on geo-spatial information semantic expression and service based on ontology[D]. Beijing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2005.]
[23]谭永滨,朱海红,李霖,等.数字城市框架下地理信息服务语义分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2012,28(2):5-8,19.[Tan Y B, Zhu H H, Li L, et al. Semantic analysis of geographic information service under the digital city[J]. Geography and Geo-information Science, 2012,28(2):5-8,19.]
[24]易茹兰.基于地理本体的地理信息语义表达与查询方法研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2009.[Yi R L. Research on methods of semantic representation and query of geographic information via geo-ontology[D]. Changsha:Central South University, 2009.]
[25]黄茂军.地理本体的形式化表达机制及其在地图服务中的应用研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2005.[Huang M J. Study on formal representation of geographic ontology and its application in map services[D]. Wuhan:Wuhan University, 2005.]
[26]李德仁,王泉.基于时空模糊本体的交通领域知识建模[J].武汉大学学报·信息科版,2009,34(6):631-635.[Li D R, Wang, Q. Transportation knowledge modeling based on spatio-temporal fuzzy ontology[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2009,34(6):631-635.]
[27] Guarino N. Formal Ontology and Information Systems[J].Proceedings of Fois, 2012,22(5):3-15.
[28]吴超,任福,杜清运,等.基于形式本体的POI数据分类方法[J].地理与地理信息科学,2014,30(6):13-16.[Wu C,Ren F, Du D Y, et al. Classification method of POI data based on formal ontology theory[J]. Geography and Geoinformation Science, 2014,30(6):13-16.]